The antecedents of value co - creation behavior of audiobook anchors in the creator conomy

The antecedents of value co - creation behavior of audiobook anchors in the creator conomy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The antecedents of value co - creation behavior of audiobook anchors in the creator conomy Li Yu, Na Hou, Deyan Zhao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6774216/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the context of the creator economy, audiobook anchors have become essential agents in platform-based value co-creation, yet the psychological and structural factors driving their sustained content production remain underexplored. Guided by the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) framework, this study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyze 460 valid responses from anchors on the Himalaya platform. The results reveal three distinct configurations associated with high-value co-creation: economy-and-interest-driven, socially embedded support-driven, and self-efficacy-driven types. Complex substitution patterns among antecedent conditions are identified, with economic benefits playing a particularly pivotal role. In contrast, lack of intrinsic interest is a key factor contributing to non-high-value co-creation behavior. These findings underscore the configurational nature of content production behavior and offer theoretical and practical insights for enhancing platform incentives and sustaining creator engagement. Business and commerce/Business and management Humanities/Cultural and media studies creator economy audiobook anchors MOA framework fsQCA value co-creation Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction With the rapid advancement of digital technologies and the ongoing expansion of platform ecosystems, the creator economy has emerged as a distinct economic model centered on individuals or small teams who generate value through content creation and monetization (Peres et al., 2024 ). Digital platforms play a dual role as both connectors and regulators, shaping creator behavior through mechanisms such as traffic distribution, algorithmic recommendations, and monetization policies. As part of this trend, audiobooks have gained traction as a flexible, hands-free form of content consumption that meets user needs in fragmented daily scenarios (Wu & Hong, 2024 ). Beyond convenience, audiobooks also promote inclusivity by offering visually impaired audiences access to cultural content (Lundh, 2022 ). Enabled by the growth of subscription-based streaming, audiobooks have become a key driver of revenue in the publishing sector, highlighting their commercial viability (Colbjørnsen et al., 2023 ). Driven by growing market demand, audiobook platforms such as Himalaya and Lazy Listen have embraced Professional User-Generated Content (PUGC) models to boost production efficiency. Through AI-based text-to-speech technologies and smart audio editing tools, these platforms have substantially reduced production cycles and labor costs, achieving rapid content scalability (Wu, 2022 ). However, the commercialization of PUGC has also introduced risks of exploitation. Platform-run training programs often adopt cutthroat models—charging aspiring creators high fees without offering proportional support—raising concerns about fairness and transparency. Consequently, many audiobook anchors face a "dual-low dilemma": limited monetization opportunities and minimal algorithmic exposure. These constraints pose significant challenges to the sustainability of user-side value co-creation. In light of these challenges, there is a clear need for deeper investigation into user participation in PUGC—specifically, how platforms can effectively motivate users to become audiobook anchors and sustain value co-creation. Understanding these dynamics is crucial to realizing the full potential of the PUGC model and ensuring the long-term viability of audiobook ecosystems. While an emerging body of research has explored the PUGC paradigm and provided valuable insights (Zhang & Han, 2022 ; Chen et al., 2022 ; Lloyd et al., 2020 ), the mechanisms that drive sustained co-creation behavior among audiobook anchors remain underexplored. Building on the above, this study applies the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) framework to examine audiobook anchors’ value co-creation behavior. The MOA model conceptualizes behavior as the result of interactions among motivation, opportunity, and ability, offering a holistic lens to identify and interpret the drivers of co-creation. To address the complex, multi-causal nature of this behavior, the study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to construct a configurational model of antecedent condition linkages that shape audiobook anchors’ value co-creation behavior. 2. Literature review 2.1. The creator economy The creator economy represents a new paradigm where individuals or small teams produce and monetize digital content across platforms. Recent research has explored this field from perspectives such as entrepreneurship, platform governance, algorithmic influence, and labor precarity. Edeling and Wies ( 2024 ) conceptualize creators as “creatrepreneurs” who combine content production with entrepreneurial strategy, calling for further study into the drivers of creator venture success. Bleier, Fossen, and Shapira ( 2024 ) emphasize the central role of platforms in structuring creation, monetization, and creator-platform relations. Choi et al. ( 2023 ) reveal how algorithmic opacity shapes creators’ work strategies and emotional labor, highlighting the need for more transparent, creator-friendly platform design. Labor-related studies have examined the unequal and precarious conditions faced by creators in marginalized contexts (Salamon, 2025 ). Others focus on how creators build diversified monetization channels (Rieder et al., 2023 ) or navigate incentive structures embedded in platform policy (Ren, 2024 ). Emerging critiques also point to growing dependency on MCNs and constrained autonomy in the platform economy (Liang, 2025 ). 2.2. Audiobook reading platforms As key enablers of the creator economy, audiobook platforms have undergone intelligent upgrades in content creation, recommendation, and management through mobile internet, big data, and AI technologies. By adopting the PUGC model, they have transitioned from passive audio consumption to active user participation (Yue et al., 2022 ). Operating as classic two-sided markets, these platforms link content producers with users, create cross-network effects, and offer scenario-based services tailored to mobile, fragmented usage habits (Wang et al., 2021 ). Monetization models such as knowledge payments and subscription services now serve as essential components of platform sustainability (Yang et al., 2020 ; Ye et al., 2018). On the user side, perceived value, satisfaction, and social influence significantly shape continued usage and willingness to pay (Zhang et al., 2024 ). Within this evolving ecosystem, audiobook anchors have become central to value co-creation. 2.3 Value co-creation behavior of audiobook anchors Wallin ( 2021 ) argues that with the rise of streaming-based audiobook consumption, "auditory reading" is reshaping users' content consumption habits, positioning creators as increasingly critical agents in enhancing content attractiveness and platform stickiness. Creators are now expected to go beyond mere content production, taking on roles in performance, dissemination, and audience engagement, while aligning with platform governance rules to balance content quality and user experience, ultimately achieving a win–win dynamic for all stakeholders. PUGC has emerged as an evolved content production model building upon traditional UGC practices. PUGC refers to content created by users who possess a certain level of professional expertise or have received platform-based certification and training (Jiang & Wen, 2024 ). PUGC retains the vitality and creativity characteristic of UGC, while incorporating the quality standards and platform alignment typically associated with Professional-Generated Content (PGC). This hybrid model combines personal creative freedom with professional-grade production quality, resulting in content that better matches user expectations and platform needs. 2.4 Literature review Although prior research has explored the creator economy, audiobook platforms, and user behavior, significant gaps remain in understanding value co-creation among audiobook anchors under the PUGC model. These gaps fall into three areas: First, existing studies emphasize user outcomes—such as usage intention and satisfaction—while neglecting the creators. Little is known about how audiobook anchors, as PUGC actors, develop sustained production intentions and co-creation pathways under platform empowerment, limiting insights into their role in ecosystem growth. Second, anchors face complex role transitions across creation, performance, and interaction, especially under PUGC norms that demand both creativity and platform compliance. The tension between these roles remains underexplored. Third, most PUGC research focuses on short videos or livestreaming, with limited attention to audiobooks. The unique dynamics of auditory media and serialized storytelling require dedicated modeling and empirical validation. This study adopts a configurational approach to analyze the diverse pathways leading to high- and non-high-value co-creation. By identifying distinct motivational configurations, it goes beyond linear causal models and offers insights for tailoring platform strategies to support sustainable, diverse creator ecosystems. 3. Model development 3.1. MOA theory In the context of the evolving creator economy and audiobook platforms, audiobook anchors’ content production and value co-creation behaviors have become increasingly complex and multidimensional. To explore the underlying mechanisms driving these behaviors, this study adopts the MOA framework as its theoretical foundation. Proposed by MacInnis and Jaworski (1991), MOA theory posits that behavior results from the interplay of intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, external opportunities, and individual abilities. Within the PUGC model, audiobook anchors must sustain creative motivation, respond to economic incentives, utilize platform resources, and enhance their professional competence. Thus, their co-creation behaviors emerge from the dynamic configuration of motivation, opportunity, and ability. The MOA framework offers a comprehensive lens for analyzing this complexity and addresses the limitations of linear models (Zhang & Zhang, 2024 ) by enabling a configurational perspective on how multiple factors jointly shape high-value co-creation. 3.2 Motivation factor Motivation refers to the internal driving force that stimulates, directs, and sustains individual behavior toward achieving specific goals. In the context of audiobook production, interest reflects users’ behavioral inclination toward creating audiobooks; individuals with stronger interest are more likely to invest time and effort into audiobook production. Economic benefits refer to the comprehensive income obtained by audiobook anchors through content dissemination, after deducting various input costs. This includes direct earnings from viewer tips, advertising partnerships, and e-commerce activities, as well as the long-term derivative value associated with personal branding and intellectual property development. Social interaction captures the psychological tendency and motivation for engaging in information and emotional exchanges with users, peers, platforms, and collaborators throughout various stages of audiobook production, aiming to create and realize multidimensional value. Accordingly, this study identifies interest, economic benefits, and social interaction as the key motivational factors influencing audiobook anchors’ value co-creation behavior. Interest, as an intrinsic psychological orientation, drives anchors to actively engage in audiobook production. On one hand, interest-based creative behavior enables anchors to concentrate on specific content domains, continuously enhancing the quality of their outputs, and ultimately establishing distinctive personal brands on the platform, thus laying a solid foundation for value co-creation (Nie & Shi, 2024 ). On the other hand, strong interest motivates anchors to pursue ongoing skill development to better meet user expectations and platform standards. Driven by their intrinsic interest, audiobook hosts are more likely to actively participate in the training programs organized by the platform. These programs cover aspects such as audio editing, voice acting techniques, account promotion strategies, and the application of AI tools. Additionally, they will persistently practice their basic skills on a daily basis. Such continuous learning behaviors not only enhance their content creation capabilities but also improve their adaptability to the evolution of the platform, enabling them to gradually expand their creative boundaries (Zhao & Yue, 2024 ) Audiobook platforms offer anchors multiple monetization channels, including album subscription fees, membership subscriptions, advertisement revenue sharing, fan-based tipping, copyright partnership royalties, and knowledge-based payment models. Economic benefits serve as a crucial motivational factor driving anchors’ value co-creation behaviors. On one hand, the pursuit of economic rewards motivates anchors to place greater emphasis on personal brand development and user relationship management, thereby enhancing their commercial value and increasing their contribution to platform-based value co-creation (Ho, Pang, & Choy, 2020 ). On the other hand, financial returns provide anchors with the necessary resources to invest further in their professional development and content creation activities. For instance, audiobook anchors may purchase advanced recording equipment, build dedicated soundproof studios, or even hire professional editors and content strategists to improve the overall production quality and competitive strength of their programs. Social interaction plays a critical role in enabling audiobook anchors to optimize content, integrate resources, and diversify value co-creation outcomes. On one hand, social interaction fosters close information exchange and emotional engagement between anchors, users, peers, and other stakeholders. Such user-centered interaction, grounded in social connectivity, not only helps anchors enhance content quality but also strengthens user-anchor bonds, thereby improving overall value co-creation performance (Trinkenreich et al., 2023 ; Wang et al., 2024 ). On the other hand, social interaction provides anchors with abundant collaboration opportunities and resource integration spaces. Audiobook anchors can partner with professionals from other fields to co-create high-quality audio content, thereby achieving complementary advantages and expanding the impact of their creative outputs. 3.3 Opportunity factor On audiobook platforms, users can participate in value co-creation with minimal barriers, significantly enhancing engagement opportunities. In parallel, platforms offer a variety of value protection measures to support audiobook anchors' creative activities, including copyright protection, content promotion, creative tools, and skills training. These support mechanisms not only foster a conducive ecosystem for content production but also stimulate and sustain value co-creation behavior across multiple dimensions. Accordingly, this study identifies platform support as the key opportunity-related factor influencing anchors' engagement in value co-creation. Platform-provided support exerts a critical influence on anchors' value co-creation behavior by both stimulating creative motivation and enhancing creative capabilities (Shan et al., 2024 ). On one hand, regarding motivation, copyright protection offers anchors a sense of security, encouraging them to produce original content and to explore the long-term commercial potential of their creations (Liu et al., 2022 ). Content promotion initiatives help increase audience exposure and visibility, providing anchors with tangible feedback that reinforces their creative drive. On the other hand, in terms of capability enhancement, creative tools reduce production barriers and improve operational efficiency, while skills training programs strengthen anchors’ professional competencies and foster stronger career identity and development confidence (Lin & Kloet, 2019 ). When anchors successfully apply newly acquired skills and achieve concrete outcomes, their determination to continue participating in value co-creation is further reinforced, encouraging more active and sustained engagement within the platform ecosystem. 3.4 Ability factor Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s estimation and judgment of their ability to successfully perform a given behavior. According to self-cognitive theory, individuals form perceptions and awareness of themselves through observing, interpreting, and evaluating their own behaviors, psychological states, and thought processes. Self-efficacy influences behavioral choices, the level of effort exerted, and persistence in the face of challenges. For audiobook anchors, higher self-efficacy increases the likelihood of selecting challenging creative tasks and motivates them to devote greater effort and perseverance toward their goals. Therefore, this study identifies self-efficacy as the key ability-related factor influencing value co-creation behavior. Self-efficacy plays a critical role in driving value co-creation behavior, particularly in two major areas: creative motivation and innovative capability (Zhang et al., 2024 ). In terms of creative motivation, anchors with higher self-efficacy are more confident in their ability to produce high-quality content, which inspires greater commitment to content creation activities. Anchors who believe in their creative abilities are more willing to invest significant time and energy into exploring new themes, formats, and styles to meet the increasingly diverse needs of users. Regarding innovative capability, self-efficacy empowers anchors to break from traditional norms and experiment with novel approaches. Confident anchors are more likely to incorporate new elements and technologies into their work, explore unique creative methods, and adopt distinctive production techniques—thus enhancing their ability to deliver differentiated and compelling content. In summary, all five antecedent conditions contribute to promoting value co-creation behavior among audiobook anchors; however, these conditions need to function synergistically rather than exerting isolated effects. Specifically, interest, economic benefits, and social interaction serve to stimulate anchors’ enthusiasm and proactiveness through motivational pathways, while platform value protection provides critical external opportunities for development. Self-efficacy, as a key capability, enables anchors to effectively seize these opportunities and transform motivation into concrete actions. Accordingly, this study, grounded in the MOA theoretical framework, constructs an integrated configurational model of the antecedent conditions driving audiobook anchors' value co-creation behavior. The conceptual model is illustrated in Fig. 1 . 4. Method 4.1 Sample and data collection This study conducted a questionnaire-based survey targeting audiobook anchors on Himalaya, the largest audio platform in China. A pilot test with 30 anchors was first carried out to refine item wording and structure. Based on their feedback, adjustments were made to enhance clarity and validity. The finalized questionnaire was distributed via the Wenjuanxing platform, yielding 525 responses. After excluding invalid entries (e.g., patterned responses, unusually short completion times), 460 valid responses were retained, resulting in an effective response rate of 87.62%. Descriptive statistics are summarized in Table 1 . The gender distribution was relatively balanced. Respondents were predominantly young, with the largest group aged 18–25, followed by those aged 31–40; only 4.3% were over 51. Most participants held a bachelor's degree, while only 5.2% had a master’s degree or higher. In terms of occupation, freelancers formed the largest segment, followed by corporate employees and students—reflecting the occupational fluidity common in audiobook production. Income distribution showed an olive-shaped pattern, with 31.1% earning 3,001–5,000 RMB and 29.1% earning 5,001–10,000 RMB. However, 11.3% earned less than 1,000 RMB per month, indicating wide variation in financial outcomes. Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample Category Subcategory Frequency Percentage (%) Category Subcategory Frequency Percentage (%) Gender Male 250 54.3 Occupation Full-time Student 97 21.1 Female 210 45.7 State-owned/Institution 67 14.6 Age 18–25 160 34.8 Corporate Employee 107 23.3 26–30 97 21.1 Civil Servant 16 3.5 31–40 126 27.4 Freelancer 118 25.7 41–50 57 12.4 Others 55 12 51 and above 20 4.3 Monthly Income Below 1,000 RMB 52 11.3 Education High School and Below 70 15.2 1,001–3,000 RMB 84 18.3 Associate Degree 143 31.1 3,001–5,000 RMB 143 31.1 Bachelor's Degree 223 48.5 5,001–10,000 RMB 134 29.1 Master's and Above 24 5.2 Over 10,000 RMB 47 10.2 Notes: N = 460 4.2 Measurement of Variables The questionnaire measured six core constructs using established scales adapted from Kim and Kim et al. ( 2010 ), Lerner and Tirole ( 2002 ), Jia and Xiong ( 2020 ), Liu et al. ( 2017 ), and Wang et al. ( 2022 ). All items were rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Social interaction was assessed with three items capturing the extent to which audiobook production provides recognition, facilitates friendship building, and creates unique social experiences. Economic benefits included perceived job opportunities, financial income, and positive future outlooks for audiobook anchors. Interest was measured through enjoyment, emotional expression, and intrinsic motivation to continue creating regardless of external recognition. Self-efficacy captured anchors’ perceived competence, confidence, and comparative advantage in audiobook production. Platform support was evaluated through perceptions of training effectiveness, copyright protection, and ease of content uploading. Lastly, value co-creation intention was measured by respondents’ commitment to sustained engagement, effort investment, and dedication to high-quality audiobook production. 4.3 Validity and reliability The reliability and validity of the measurement scales were assessed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3. Results from the exploratory factor analysis showed a KMO value of 0.947 and a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity, indicating that the data were suitable for factor analysis and that the construct validity of the scale was acceptable. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. As shown in Table 2 , all constructs demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.80. In addition, composite reliability (CR) values for all constructs were above the recommended threshold of 0.70, confirming good internal consistency. All factor loadings were greater than 0.70, indicating a good model fit, and average variance extracted (AVE) values for each construct were above 0.50, demonstrating satisfactory convergent validity. Table 2 Reliability and validity Variables Loadings Cronbach'α CR AVE SI 0.836–0.844 0.876 0.877 0.704 EB 0.772–0.790 0.821 0.822 0.606 IN 0.761–0.820 0.832 0.832 0.623 SE 0.793–0.850 0.855 0.857 0.666 PS 0.781–0.790 0.855 0.855 0.662 VCC 0.760–0.845 0.829 0.83 0.619 Notes: SI: social interaction, EB: economic benefits, IN: interest, SE: self-efficacy, PS: platform support, VCC: value co-creation 4.4 Variable calibration Before conducting the fsQCA, it was necessary to calibrate the raw data into fuzzy-set membership scores ranging from 0 to 1. This study adopted the direct calibration method, where the upper quartile, mean, and lower quartile of the sample data were set as thresholds for full membership, crossover point, and full non-membership, respectively. To prevent ambiguity at the crossover threshold, a constant of 0.001 was added to values calibrated as 0.5 to ensure their inclusion in the analysis. The calibration anchor points for each variable are presented in Table 3 . Table 3 Reference values for data calibration Variable Full membership Crossover point Full non-membership SI 4.67 4.00 3.58 EB 4.33 4.00 3.33 IN 4.67 4.00 3.33 SE 4.33 3.67 3.00 PS 4.67 4.00 3.67 VCC 4.33 4.00 3.33 5. Results 5.1 Necessity analysis A necessary condition is one that must be present for an outcome to occur. This study employed fsQCA 4.0 software to perform necessity analysis on the value co-creation behavior of audiobook anchors. Table 4 Necessity analysis results for high and non-high value co-creation behavior Condition variable High value co-creation Non-high value co-creation Consistency Coverage Consistency Coverage SI 0.7396 0.8187 0.3326 0.2694 ~SI 0.3401 0.4105 0.7762 0.6856 IN 0.7426 0.8692 0.2949 0.2525 ~IN 0.3614 0.4119 0.8473 0.7066 EB 0.7133 0.8180 0.3099 0.2600 ~EB 0.3548 0.4127 0.7831 0.6665 PS 0.7224 0.8508 0.2514 0.2166 ~PS 0.3349 0.3794 0.8269 0.6855 SE 0.7458 0.8215 0.3552 0.2863 ~SE 0.3521 0.4274 0.7786 0.6914 As shown in Table 4 , the consistency scores for all antecedent conditions—whether for high or non-high value co-creation behavior—are below the threshold of 0.90. This indicates that no single condition qualifies as a necessary condition for the outcome. The absence of a necessary standalone condition reflects the complexity of factors influencing anchors’ value co-creation behavior. Therefore, conducting a configurational analysis to explore the combinatory effects of antecedents is both appropriate and necessary. 5.2 .Configuration analysis This study employed fsQCA 4.0 software to analyze the sufficient conditions leading to both high and non-high value co-creation behaviors among audiobook anchors, and to identify the corresponding causal configurations. Following established practices in prior research, the consistency threshold for the original solution was set at 0.80, the PRI consistency threshold at 0.70, and the minimum frequency threshold at 5 cases. The analysis yielded complex, parsimonious, and intermediate solutions. Consistent with recommendations in the literature, the intermediate solution was selected for reporting, and the distinction between core and peripheral conditions was determined by comparing the intermediate and parsimonious solutions. 5.2.1 Configurations for high-value co-creation behavior Using high-value co-creation behavior as the outcome, a sufficiency analysis was conducted, resulting in six distinct causal configurations, as presented in Table 5 . Each configuration was identified based on the presence or absence of specific antecedent conditions and their internal logical consistency. Drawing upon both theoretical insights and practical considerations, the configurations were systematically labeled and interpreted. Detailed explanations are provided to clarify how different combinations of conditions collectively contribute to high-value co-creation among audiobook anchors. Configuration Type I: Economy-and-Interest-Driven Type. Configurations H 1a and H 1b can be classified under the Economy-and-Interest-Driven Type, which highlights economic benefits and interest as core motivational conditions. These two configurations suggest that audiobook anchors are driven simultaneously by external market incentives and internal creative passion. Despite this common foundation, the two paths diverge in their auxiliary mechanisms: while H 1a leverages social interaction as a peripheral enabler, H 1b emphasizes self-efficacy as a reinforcing psychological driver. Together, these configurations capture distinct yet complementary pathways through which anchors combine external resources and intrinsic motivation to sustain high-quality content creation. Configuration H 1a reflects a value-incentive model, with economic benefits and interest as core conditions and social interaction as a peripheral condition. This path illustrates how audiobook anchors maintain long-term engagement by aligning with monetization opportunities while preserving creativity and authenticity through intrinsic interest. Interest serves as an internal driver of originality, motivating anchors to incorporate genre-specific personal expression—for example, using dramatic vocal modulations to intensify suspense in thrillers, or applying regional dialects and documentary-style soundscapes to enrich historical narratives. Such creative investment fosters differentiation and encourages innovation, including the integration of AI-generated voices with human narration or the use of immersive acoustic techniques in classical literature. Economic benefits, as an external motivator, drive the professionalization of audiobook production. Anchors capitalize on monetization channels—such as tipping, subscriptions, and licensing—to reinvest in high-quality equipment, specialized teams, and standardized workflows. Some even develop semi-industrial production models involving dedicated personnel for script adaptation, voice performance, and sound design. While peripheral, social interaction also plays a strategic role. User feedback enhances vocal delivery, copyright partnerships broaden access to premium content, and participation in creator communities supports iterative learning and alignment with evolving platform dynamics. Together, these elements contribute to a balanced and sustainable co-creation model. Configuration H 1b reflects a self-growth driven model, with economic benefits and interest as core conditions, and self-efficacy as a peripheral condition. This path highlights how financial incentives and creative passion can form a mutually reinforcing system when anchored in a strong belief in one’s capabilities. Economic benefits provide anchors with the material foundation to expand their production scale, while interest maintains content originality and artistic commitment. Although peripheral, self-efficacy plays an integrative role by enabling creators to navigate the tension between commercial goals and creative values. Anchors with high self-efficacy are more inclined to optimize workflows, grow collaborative teams, and experiment with new sound or narrative techniques. Their strong sense of competence drives resilience and adaptability, fostering continuous learning and iterative improvement. Even in resource-constrained situations, such anchors are more likely to address challenges through skill enhancement and sustained effort, contributing to consistent high-value co-creation. Configuration Type II: Socialy-Embedded Support-Driven Type. Configurations H 2a and H 2b comprise the Socially-Embedded Support-Driven Type, which emphasizes the critical influence of platform infrastructure and social interaction on content co-creation. This configuration illustrates how structural supports such as algorithmic tools, collaborative environments, and user engagement channels are deeply integrated into the production logic of audiobook anchors. Whether anchored in monetization (H 2a ) or co-creation (H 2b ), both pathways demonstrate how relational networks and technological affordances jointly ensure the scalability and sustainability of audiobook production. Configuration H 2a follows a commercial optimization logic, with economic benefits as the core condition, and social interaction and platform support as peripheral conditions. This path reflects how audiobook anchors adopt a business-oriented approach—targeting genres with stable monetization potential, leveraging data analytics to fine-tune content release strategies, and developing modular production workflows. These practices enable the construction of a full-cycle value chain encompassing topic selection, content production, and promotional deployment. Platform support reinforces this logic by reducing technical and operational barriers. Smart editing tools simplify voice synthesis and multi-role engineering; copyright protection mechanisms reduce the risk of content piracy; and algorithmic recommendation systems enhance visibility and traffic allocation. While peripheral, social interaction supports content refinement and informal collaboration. Anchors incorporate user feedback to optimize performance, engage with upstream and downstream collaborators to streamline production, and absorb insights from platform-hosted workshops and industry events—jointly improving responsiveness and adaptability in content delivery. Configuration H 2b is characterized by social interaction, interest, and platform support as core conditions. It reflects a co-creation paradigm based on community engagement, intrinsic motivation, and technological enablement. Anchors frequently collaborate with audiences and professionals, incorporating user polls into plot development or co-authoring scripts with historians, thereby creating an immersive and participatory production process. This not only enhances content professionalism but also fosters emotional resonance and user loyalty. Creative interest remains central to this configuration, driving anchors to maintain personal expression across projects. Free from rigid market formulas, they experiment with narrative forms and cultural themes. Platform support, in turn, enables such experimentation through distributed production infrastructure, real-time remote collaboration tools, equitable IP policies, and traffic allocation incentives. These ecosystem features foster an inclusive environment where creativity is scaled and community participation is embedded in content development. Configuration H 2b is defined by social interaction, interest, and platform support as core conditions, representing a co-creation paradigm grounded in community engagement, intrinsic motivation, and technological enablement. In this configuration, audiobook anchors frequently collaborate with both audiences and professionals, such as by incorporating user polls into plot development or co-authoring scripts with historians, thereby fostering an immersive and participatory production process. These practices enhance content professionalism, emotional resonance, and user loyalty. Interest serves as a sustained creative force, motivating anchors to maintain personal expression and artistic consistency across projects. Unrestricted by rigid commercial formulas, they are encouraged to experiment with narrative structures and culturally embedded themes, contributing to content diversity. Platform support plays a vital enabling role by providing distributed production infrastructure, real-time remote collaboration tools, equitable intellectual property policies, and algorithmic incentives. These ecosystem-level features create an inclusive creative environment in which innovation is scalable and community participation is embedded in the content development process. Configuration Type III: Self-Eficacy-Driven Type. Configurations H 3a and H 3b fall under the Self-Efficacy- Driven Type, wherein creators’ belief in their capabilities forms the central engine of high-value co-creation. In this type, in this type, self-efficacy not only supports behavior but actively drives it. Whether in collaborative or commercialized contexts, anchors with strong self-efficacy actively shape their production strategies, overcome structural limitations, and pursue creative innovation. This configuration type highlights how individual agency and technical mastery can serve as substitutes for external motivators such as platform infrastructure, economic rewards, or social engagement. Configuration H 3a is characterized by self-efficacy and social interaction as core conditions, alongside the absence of economic benefits and platform support. This configuration illustrates how strong community engagement and personal creative confidence can compensate for the lack of formal institutional or financial resources. Anchors on this path foster active user communities that shift from passive listeners to collaborative co-creators. Examples include inviting audiences to vote on plot developments, co-design character voice traits, or participate in collective voice acting projects. Self-efficacy plays a central role in driving innovation under constrained conditions. Anchors may apply mixed-language dubbing to reflect regional literary nuances or use open-source software to build personalized audio-processing tools. Despite the absence of monetization and institutional infrastructure, these creators sustain content co-production by exchanging skills, tools, and services within peer networks. The outcome is a decentralized and adaptive production ecosystem rooted in community support and technical self-reliance, offering a compelling alternative model of value co-creation outside traditional platform-mediated structures. Configuration H 3b is defined by economic benefits and self-efficacy as core conditions, with the absence of social interaction and interest. This configuration reflects a hyper-rational, performance-centric logic in audiobook creation. Anchors adopting this path approach production as a goal-oriented, measurable process rather than a form of personal or artistic expression. They prioritize genres with high commercial returns, design standardized content templates, and apply audience segmentation techniques to target specific user demographics. Self-efficacy provides the technical foundation for this model, empowering creators to master advanced tools, streamline workflows, and optimize audio quality. Even without emotional engagement or community feedback, these anchors use data analytics to fine-tune narrative rhythm and audio texture, replacing creative intuition with systematic production logic. This configuration demonstrates that sustained creative output can emerge from professional discipline and instrumental rationality, even in the relative absence of relational or affective motivations. 5.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Configurations A comparison of the six configurations reveals that motivational factors are the most frequently occurring antecedents, followed by ability-related conditions, while opportunity-related factors appear the least. This suggests that motivation and ability play more decisive roles in driving high-value co-creation among audiobook anchors. Motivational elements such as economic benefits, social interaction, and interest are closely linked to creators’ willingness and level of effort. Anchors are commonly driven by the desire for financial returns, social connection, and creative fulfillment, which collectively form the primary impetus for sustained content production. Self-efficacy, as a key ability-related condition, reflects anchors’ confidence in their creative capacity, influencing both content quality and innovation. Among all conditions, economic benefits and social interaction each appear in four configurations, making them the most prominent drivers. Although self-efficacy appears slightly less frequently, it still plays a supportive role by enabling creators to perform effectively within existing production structures. A comparison of H 1a and H 1b reveals that when both external economic incentives and intrinsic interest are present, audiobook anchors are more likely to engage in frequent and high-quality creative activities. In this context, social interaction and self-efficacy demonstrate a substitutive relationship. When social interaction is strong, audience feedback and engagement enhance confidence and motivation, enabling anchors to overcome creative challenges even without high levels of self-efficacy. Conversely, when self-efficacy is strong, anchors rely on their own capabilities to maintain creative output without needing frequent social validation. A similar substitution effect is observed between H 3a and H 3b . In both configurations, self-efficacy enables anchors to independently manage production and maintain content quality. However, a trade-off emerges between social interaction and economic benefits. When social interaction is rich and sustained, emotional encouragement, peer support, and co-creation opportunities compensate for limited financial rewards. Thus, strong community engagement can substitute for material incentives, sustaining creative motivation even under constrained economic conditions. Table 5: High value co creation behavior configuration path Overall, the preceding analysis illustrates that motivation, ability, and opportunity can independently or collectively lead to high-value co-creation under different configurations, reflecting the principle of equifinality. Furthermore, the substitutive relationships among antecedents highlight the complexity of the co-creation process. Among all the conditions involved in substitution logic, economic benefits emerge as the most frequently substituted factor, underscoring its prominent role in shaping the co-creation behavior of audiobook anchors. 5.2.3 Configurations Leading to Non-High-Value Co-Creation Behavior To further explore the opposite outcome, this study analyzed the configurations associated with non-high-value co-creation behavior. The results reveal five distinct causal pathways, as shown in Table 6. Configuration 1 is defined by the absence of social interaction, economic benefits, interest, and platform support as core conditions, and is labeled the comprehensive deficiency type. Without social engagement, anchors struggle to build relationships with audiences and peers, undermining motivation. The lack of financial incentives, intrinsic interest, and platform resources further weakens creative initiative and developmental capacity. Configuration 2 presents low social interaction and low self-efficacy alongside high economic benefits, with all factors functioning as peripheral. This is classified as the motivation–ability mismatch type. Although external rewards are available, limited social connection and low confidence prevent anchors from converting incentives into sustained co-creation outcomes. Configuration 3 features the absence of economic benefits, interest, self-efficacy, and platform support as core conditions, and is labeled the opportunity–ability dual deficiency type. In this configuration, weak platform support limits technical development and exposure. Combined with low motivation and limited capacity, anchors lack both the will and means to engage in meaningful creative activity. Configuration 4 is characterized by the absence of social interaction, interest, self-efficacy, and platform support, forming a multi-dimensional deficiency type. Anchors in this path lack motivation, confidence, and institutional support, making it difficult to connect externally or cultivate internal creative momentum. Innovation and sustained output are severely restricted. Configuration 5 includes high social interaction but low economic benefits, interest, and self-efficacy, all as peripheral conditions. This is defined as the narrow motivation with ability deficiency type. Despite strong social skills, the lack of other motivational and capacity-related drivers prevents anchors from achieving high-value co-creation. Here, social engagement alone is insufficient to overcome deficiencies in creativity and competence. Table 7 ： Non-high value co creation behavior configuration path The configurations associated with non-high-value co-creation behavior highlight the critical role of interest in driving anchors’ engagement. When content creation is fueled by genuine passion rather than solely by external incentives, intrinsic motivation fosters greater persistence and depth in production. This finding underscores the importance of cultivating user interest on digital content platforms. To achieve this, platforms should invest in mechanisms that support users in discovering and nurturing their creative passions, such as personalized content recommendation algorithms and creative competitions. By stimulating intrinsic engagement, platforms can enhance user participation, sustain content vitality, and ultimately elevate the overall value of the co-creation ecosystem. 5.3 Robustness checks To ensure the reliability of the configurational results, this study conducted a series of robustness checks using three different strategies. First, the minimum case frequency threshold for high and non-high value co-creation configurations was increased from 5 to 6. The configurations generated under this condition were found to be subsets of the original solutions, indicating that the core patterns remained stable even with stricter inclusion criteria. Second, the consistency threshold was raised from 0.80 to 0.85. The results remained unchanged, suggesting that the identified configurations are not sensitive to moderate adjustments in consistency parameters. Third, the PRI consistency threshold was increased from 0.70 to 0.75. A nested relationship was observed between the configurations derived under both thresholds, further confirming the robustness of the findings. Overall, the results of these tests provide strong evidence that the configurational solutions identified in this study are stable and reliable across different calibration settings. 6. Findings and discussions 6.1 Research conclusions Drawing on the MOA theoretical framework, this study employed fsQCA to examine the configurational pathways that drive audiobook anchors to engage in value co-creation. Based on 460 valid survey responses, the study investigated the interactive effects of motivational, opportunity-related, and ability-based conditions. The key findings are summarized as follows: There is no single necessary condition for value co-creation behavior among audiobook anchors. According to the necessity analysis, none of the antecedent conditions from the three MOA dimensions—motivation, opportunity, or ability—individually qualifies as a necessary condition for either high or non-high value co-creation behavior. This finding suggests that value co-creation is a complex phenomenon shaped by the combined influence of multiple factors, rather than the presence of any one determinant alone. Six configurational pathways lead to high-value co-creation behavior, which can be categorized into three types: economy-and-interest-driven, socially-embedded support-driven, and self-efficacy-driven. These findings reflect the principle of equifinality—i.e., multiple distinct pathways can lead to the same outcome. A comparison of these paths shows that motivational factors exert the strongest influence on high-value co-creation, followed by ability-related factors, with opportunity-related factors playing a comparatively minor role. Among all conditions, economic benefits and social interaction appeared most frequently and demonstrated the strongest driving effects. Furthermore, complex substitution relationships were observed among antecedent conditions, with economic benefits occupying a particularly central position in these trade-offs. Five configurations were identified as leading to non-high-value co-creation behavior. These were categorized into the following types: comprehensive deficiency, motivation–ability mismatch, dual deficiency in opportunity and ability, multi-dimensional deficiency, and narrow motivation with ability deficiency. A comparative analysis of these five configurations reveals that a lack of interest is a key factor contributing to non-high-value co-creation. Without intrinsic passion or engagement, anchors are less likely to sustain meaningful creative output, even when other conditions are present. 6.2 Theoretical implications As the creator economy continues to evolve, academic inquiry into the behavioral mechanisms of content creators has deepened. However, existing research predominantly focuses on either individual motivations or platform mechanisms in isolation, with limited attention to the multifactorial interactions and configurational dynamics that shape creators' value co-creation behaviors. Drawing on the MOA framework and employing fsQCA, this study investigates the complex causal pathways driving audiobook anchors’value co-creation behavior and makes several important theoretical contributions. First, this study moves beyond single-factor determinism by revealing the configurational complexity underlying creators’ value co-creation. It demonstrates that motivation, opportunity, and ability are not individually necessary conditions for value co-creation. Instead, such behavior emerges through the interplay of multiple concurrent factors. This finding enriches the MOA framework and aligns with recent studies that emphasize multi-role interaction and interdependence within digital content ecosystems (Galvez-De-La-Cuesta et al., 2024 ; Bleier et al., 2024 ). Second, the study refines the logic of multiple equifinal paths leading to high-value co-creation. Six distinct configurations are identified, which fall into three categories: economy-and-interest-driven, socially embedded support-driven, and self-efficacy-driven. These configurations exhibit both heterogeneity and equivalence, reinforcing the idea that multiple motivational structures can lead to similar outcomes. This supports prior research that highlights diversified motivation in creator–user dynamics and the interaction between technological affordances and creative expression (Hollebeek et al., 2024 ; Kim and Kim, 2024). Moreover, economic benefit and social interaction frequently appear as core conditions, offering new empirical insights into the collaborative logic of multi-motive-driven creation. Third, the study addresses growing concerns about creators' labor vulnerability by identifying interest deficiency as a critical impediment to sustained co-creation. Even with favorable external support, the absence of intrinsic motivation can hinder consistent content production. This resonates with recent findings on creators’ emotional burnout and coping strategies in high-exposure environments, further advancing understanding of creator vulnerability and resilience (Bidav, 2025 ; Stegeman et al., 2024 ). 6.3 Managerial implications Based on the configurational findings, this study offers the following practical recommendations for audiobook platforms seeking to enhance anchor participation and foster sustainable value co-creation: Shift from linear to systemic thinking in platform operations. Value co-creation by audiobook anchors is a complex, system-level process shaped by the interaction of multiple conditions, rather than being driven by any single factor. Therefore, platform operators should move beyond isolated interventions and adopt an integrated approach that accounts for the synergistic interplay among motivation, opportunity, and ability. Rather than focusing exclusively on one dimension (e.g., incentives or tools), platform strategies should aim to strengthen the dynamic coordination among key enabling factors to support holistic content production ecosystems. Develop stratified incentive mechanisms based on differentiated user profiles. The existence of six distinct configurations for high-value co-creation suggests that a one-size-fits-all incentive model is insufficient. Platforms should instead build a developmental roadmap system aligned with anchor characteristics and trajectories. This starts with leveraging big data analytics to assess anchors’ historical content, creative styles, and engagement behavior, forming the foundation for layered user profiling. Based on these profiles, differentiated incentive schemes can be deployed: for economy-driven users, tiered revenue-sharing and bonus structures can be emphasized; for socially-driven users, community-based recognition systems such as fan privilege tiers can be developed; and for self-efficacy-driven users, platforms can provide technical toolkits and workflow support tailored to their production needs. Cultivate intrinsic interest and ensure economic sustainability. Platforms should pay closer attention to both user interest and financial motivation as twin engines of sustainable content creation. On the one hand, user interest can be stimulated by offering personalized content topic suggestions based on data-driven insights, enabling cross-format creation, and providing diverse creation templates. Interest-based engagement can be further promoted through creator communities, gamified challenges, and systems of honorary recognition. Training initiatives such as beginner tutorials, skill-focused workshops, and expert-led webinars can support the onboarding of new creators and enhance overall professional standards. On the other hand, improving economic viability is equally critical. Platforms should deploy AI-assisted tools to enhance production efficiency and quality, offer personalized monetization guidance, and assign dedicated support teams to emerging creators. Strategies that reduce resource centralization, such as “de-celebrity” initiatives, can democratize opportunities and promote grassroots creativity. Additionally, the platform should implement transparent operational rules, high-quality service standards, and fair content governance mechanisms. This includes stronger supervision to prevent unethical behavior, improved customer support systems, and safeguards to ensure a positive production environment. Importantly, a clear separation between AI-generated and human-produced content should be established to ensure that professional creators retain sufficient market space. A dual-channel content strategy may help balance efficiency with authenticity and preserve creator-driven cultural expression. 6.4 Limitations and future research directions Despite its contributions, this study is not without limitations. First, the sample was drawn primarily from audiobook anchors on the Himalaya platform, which may limit the generalizability and breadth of the findings. Future research could expand the sample to include multiple audiobook platforms and more diverse creator groups to enhance the external validity of the results. Second, the study is based on cross-sectional data, which constrains the ability to capture dynamic causal relationships among variables. Future studies could employ longitudinal tracking data or experimental designs to more precisely identify causal mechanisms and behavioral change processes over time. Third, the analytical framework in this study is primarily grounded in the MOA theory. While this provides a valuable perspective for understanding value co-creation behavior, future research could incorporate additional theoretical frameworks, such as Social Exchange Theory or Self-Determination Theory, to enhance theoretical depth and offer a more comprehensive understanding of anchor behavior on digital content platforms. Declarations Ethical Approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval for this research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the School of Business, Qilu Institute of Technology, under approval number QL2025-BUS-01, granted on April 30, 2025. The research protocol, including the questionnaire design and data handling procedures, was reviewed and approved to ensure compliance with ethical guidelines regarding participant anonymity, data confidentiality, and voluntary participation. Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study. Prior to participation, respondents were provided with clear information about the purpose of the study, the data collection process, the intended use of the results, and their rights to refuse or withdraw at any time without any negative consequences. Participants confirmed their voluntary participation by agreeing to the informed consent statement before proceeding with the questionnaire. All collected data were anonymized and used solely for academic research purposes. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest Author Contribution Conceptualization, N.H. and L.Y.; methodology, N.H.; formal analysis, N.H.; investigation, L.Y. and D.Z.; data curation, D.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, N.H.; writing—review and ed-iting, L.Y.; funding acquisition, L.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Acknowledgments: We are deeply grateful to all the interviewees for their invaluable contributions to this research. Data Availability Statement: According to the Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA), the data cannot be disclosed through public channels. The corresponding author can provide the datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study upon reasonable request. References Bidav, T. (2025). Localised precarity in social media entertainment: YouTubing in Turkey. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 28 (1), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/13678779241258491 Bleier, A., Fossen, B. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6774216","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":466603350,"identity":"a614c721-2343-44a3-804e-f2a76de04013","order_by":0,"name":"Li Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Li","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":466603351,"identity":"c4b2ef2c-a2a0-4d43-a90a-101dda2de13d","order_by":1,"name":"Na Hou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAz0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfvmH7T8+VNjU87M3EKlFsiG5QXLGmbQEyZ4DRGoxOJDeIM3bdjjB4EYC0VoONhjOYDucJznz8cYbDDU20YQddrCxIeEDT3oxv3RasQXDsbTcBkJa+A4zNhycIWHNOHN2jpkEY8NhwloYjjE2NvMYMDNuuHmGSC0CZxibmXkSnBM33OAhUovkDMY2xhkH0owle4B+SSDGL/wS7M8YPv6zkeNnP7zxxocaGyL8ggQMJBJIUQ7RQqqOUTAKRsEoGBkAAHFeRGMKQAU5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Qilu Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Na","middleName":"","lastName":"Hou","suffix":""},{"id":466603352,"identity":"5f2cc543-641a-4b3e-ad83-920ff4a5b1a3","order_by":2,"name":"Deyan Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Qilu Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-29 08:08:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6774216/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6774216/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83964489,"identity":"e58ddf68-be15-42b2-83cc-384e2e712fa8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-05 06:23:07","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":43238,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe pre-condition linkage model of anchor value co-creation behavior\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6774216/v1/990c4dfbce78e92c2d45cd42.jpg"},{"id":83965278,"identity":"99fcee13-a589-4656-8ded-1f2ae0d09ac0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-05 06:31:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1104043,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6774216/v1/5dbc65ff-2607-4011-8c58-f8ffe4bc0ecb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The antecedents of value co - creation behavior of audiobook anchors in the creator conomy","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWith the rapid advancement of digital technologies and the ongoing expansion of platform ecosystems, the creator economy has emerged as a distinct economic model centered on individuals or small teams who generate value through content creation and monetization (Peres et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Digital platforms play a dual role as both connectors and regulators, shaping creator behavior through mechanisms such as traffic distribution, algorithmic recommendations, and monetization policies. As part of this trend, audiobooks have gained traction as a flexible, hands-free form of content consumption that meets user needs in fragmented daily scenarios (Wu \u0026amp; Hong, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Beyond convenience, audiobooks also promote inclusivity by offering visually impaired audiences access to cultural content (Lundh, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Enabled by the growth of subscription-based streaming, audiobooks have become a key driver of revenue in the publishing sector, highlighting their commercial viability (Colbj\u0026oslash;rnsen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDriven by growing market demand, audiobook platforms such as Himalaya and Lazy Listen have embraced Professional User-Generated Content (PUGC) models to boost production efficiency. Through AI-based text-to-speech technologies and smart audio editing tools, these platforms have substantially reduced production cycles and labor costs, achieving rapid content scalability (Wu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). However, the commercialization of PUGC has also introduced risks of exploitation. Platform-run training programs often adopt cutthroat models\u0026mdash;charging aspiring creators high fees without offering proportional support\u0026mdash;raising concerns about fairness and transparency. Consequently, many audiobook anchors face a \"dual-low dilemma\": limited monetization opportunities and minimal algorithmic exposure. These constraints pose significant challenges to the sustainability of user-side value co-creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn light of these challenges, there is a clear need for deeper investigation into user participation in PUGC\u0026mdash;specifically, how platforms can effectively motivate users to become audiobook anchors and sustain value co-creation. Understanding these dynamics is crucial to realizing the full potential of the PUGC model and ensuring the long-term viability of audiobook ecosystems. While an emerging body of research has explored the PUGC paradigm and provided valuable insights (Zhang \u0026amp; Han, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Chen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Lloyd et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), the mechanisms that drive sustained co-creation behavior among audiobook anchors remain underexplored.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding on the above, this study applies the Motivation\u0026ndash;Opportunity\u0026ndash;Ability (MOA) framework to examine audiobook anchors\u0026rsquo; value co-creation behavior. The MOA model conceptualizes behavior as the result of interactions among motivation, opportunity, and ability, offering a holistic lens to identify and interpret the drivers of co-creation. To address the complex, multi-causal nature of this behavior, the study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to construct a configurational model of antecedent condition linkages that shape audiobook anchors\u0026rsquo; value co-creation behavior.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Literature review","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. The creator economy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe creator economy represents a new paradigm where individuals or small teams produce and monetize digital content across platforms. Recent research has explored this field from perspectives such as entrepreneurship, platform governance, algorithmic influence, and labor precarity. Edeling and Wies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) conceptualize creators as \u0026ldquo;creatrepreneurs\u0026rdquo; who combine content production with entrepreneurial strategy, calling for further study into the drivers of creator venture success. Bleier, Fossen, and Shapira (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) emphasize the central role of platforms in structuring creation, monetization, and creator-platform relations. Choi et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) reveal how algorithmic opacity shapes creators\u0026rsquo; work strategies and emotional labor, highlighting the need for more transparent, creator-friendly platform design. Labor-related studies have examined the unequal and precarious conditions faced by creators in marginalized contexts (Salamon, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Others focus on how creators build diversified monetization channels (Rieder et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) or navigate incentive structures embedded in platform policy (Ren, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Emerging critiques also point to growing dependency on MCNs and constrained autonomy in the platform economy (Liang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Audiobook reading platforms\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs key enablers of the creator economy, audiobook platforms have undergone intelligent upgrades in content creation, recommendation, and management through mobile internet, big data, and AI technologies. By adopting the PUGC model, they have transitioned from passive audio consumption to active user participation (Yue et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Operating as classic two-sided markets, these platforms link content producers with users, create cross-network effects, and offer scenario-based services tailored to mobile, fragmented usage habits (Wang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Monetization models such as knowledge payments and subscription services now serve as essential components of platform sustainability (Yang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Ye et al., 2018). On the user side, perceived value, satisfaction, and social influence significantly shape continued usage and willingness to pay (Zhang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Within this evolving ecosystem, audiobook anchors have become central to value co-creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Value co-creation behavior of audiobook anchors\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWallin (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) argues that with the rise of streaming-based audiobook consumption, \"auditory reading\" is reshaping users' content consumption habits, positioning creators as increasingly critical agents in enhancing content attractiveness and platform stickiness. Creators are now expected to go beyond mere content production, taking on roles in performance, dissemination, and audience engagement, while aligning with platform governance rules to balance content quality and user experience, ultimately achieving a win\u0026ndash;win dynamic for all stakeholders. PUGC has emerged as an evolved content production model building upon traditional UGC practices. PUGC refers to content created by users who possess a certain level of professional expertise or have received platform-based certification and training (Jiang \u0026amp; Wen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). PUGC retains the vitality and creativity characteristic of UGC, while incorporating the quality standards and platform alignment typically associated with Professional-Generated Content (PGC). This hybrid model combines personal creative freedom with professional-grade production quality, resulting in content that better matches user expectations and platform needs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Literature review\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough prior research has explored the creator economy, audiobook platforms, and user behavior, significant gaps remain in understanding value co-creation among audiobook anchors under the PUGC model. These gaps fall into three areas:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst, existing studies emphasize user outcomes\u0026mdash;such as usage intention and satisfaction\u0026mdash;while neglecting the creators. Little is known about how audiobook anchors, as PUGC actors, develop sustained production intentions and co-creation pathways under platform empowerment, limiting insights into their role in ecosystem growth. Second, anchors face complex role transitions across creation, performance, and interaction, especially under PUGC norms that demand both creativity and platform compliance. The tension between these roles remains underexplored. Third, most PUGC research focuses on short videos or livestreaming, with limited attention to audiobooks. The unique dynamics of auditory media and serialized storytelling require dedicated modeling and empirical validation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study adopts a configurational approach to analyze the diverse pathways leading to high- and non-high-value co-creation. By identifying distinct motivational configurations, it goes beyond linear causal models and offers insights for tailoring platform strategies to support sustainable, diverse creator ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Model development","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1. MOA theory\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the context of the evolving creator economy and audiobook platforms, audiobook anchors\u0026rsquo; content production and value co-creation behaviors have become increasingly complex and multidimensional. To explore the underlying mechanisms driving these behaviors, this study adopts the MOA framework as its theoretical foundation. Proposed by MacInnis and Jaworski (1991), MOA theory posits that behavior results from the interplay of intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, external opportunities, and individual abilities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin the PUGC model, audiobook anchors must sustain creative motivation, respond to economic incentives, utilize platform resources, and enhance their professional competence. Thus, their co-creation behaviors emerge from the dynamic configuration of motivation, opportunity, and ability. The MOA framework offers a comprehensive lens for analyzing this complexity and addresses the limitations of linear models (Zhang \u0026amp; Zhang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) by enabling a configurational perspective on how multiple factors jointly shape high-value co-creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Motivation factor\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation refers to the internal driving force that stimulates, directs, and sustains individual behavior toward achieving specific goals. In the context of audiobook production, interest reflects users\u0026rsquo; behavioral inclination toward creating audiobooks; individuals with stronger interest are more likely to invest time and effort into audiobook production. Economic benefits refer to the comprehensive income obtained by audiobook anchors through content dissemination, after deducting various input costs. This includes direct earnings from viewer tips, advertising partnerships, and e-commerce activities, as well as the long-term derivative value associated with personal branding and intellectual property development. Social interaction captures the psychological tendency and motivation for engaging in information and emotional exchanges with users, peers, platforms, and collaborators throughout various stages of audiobook production, aiming to create and realize multidimensional value. Accordingly, this study identifies interest, economic benefits, and social interaction as the key motivational factors influencing audiobook anchors\u0026rsquo; value co-creation behavior.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterest, as an intrinsic psychological orientation, drives anchors to actively engage in audiobook production. On one hand, interest-based creative behavior enables anchors to concentrate on specific content domains, continuously enhancing the quality of their outputs, and ultimately establishing distinctive personal brands on the platform, thus laying a solid foundation for value co-creation (Nie \u0026amp; Shi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, strong interest motivates anchors to pursue ongoing skill development to better meet user expectations and platform standards. Driven by their intrinsic interest, audiobook hosts are more likely to actively participate in the training programs organized by the platform. These programs cover aspects such as audio editing, voice acting techniques, account promotion strategies, and the application of AI tools. Additionally, they will persistently practice their basic skills on a daily basis. Such continuous learning behaviors not only enhance their content creation capabilities but also improve their adaptability to the evolution of the platform, enabling them to gradually expand their creative boundaries (Zhao \u0026amp; Yue, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAudiobook platforms offer anchors multiple monetization channels, including album subscription fees, membership subscriptions, advertisement revenue sharing, fan-based tipping, copyright partnership royalties, and knowledge-based payment models. Economic benefits serve as a crucial motivational factor driving anchors\u0026rsquo; value co-creation behaviors. On one hand, the pursuit of economic rewards motivates anchors to place greater emphasis on personal brand development and user relationship management, thereby enhancing their commercial value and increasing their contribution to platform-based value co-creation (Ho, Pang, \u0026amp; Choy, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, financial returns provide anchors with the necessary resources to invest further in their professional development and content creation activities. For instance, audiobook anchors may purchase advanced recording equipment, build dedicated soundproof studios, or even hire professional editors and content strategists to improve the overall production quality and competitive strength of their programs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial interaction plays a critical role in enabling audiobook anchors to optimize content, integrate resources, and diversify value co-creation outcomes. On one hand, social interaction fosters close information exchange and emotional engagement between anchors, users, peers, and other stakeholders. Such user-centered interaction, grounded in social connectivity, not only helps anchors enhance content quality but also strengthens user-anchor bonds, thereby improving overall value co-creation performance (Trinkenreich et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Wang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, social interaction provides anchors with abundant collaboration opportunities and resource integration spaces. Audiobook anchors can partner with professionals from other fields to co-create high-quality audio content, thereby achieving complementary advantages and expanding the impact of their creative outputs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Opportunity factor\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn audiobook platforms, users can participate in value co-creation with minimal barriers, significantly enhancing engagement opportunities. In parallel, platforms offer a variety of value protection measures to support audiobook anchors' creative activities, including copyright protection, content promotion, creative tools, and skills training. These support mechanisms not only foster a conducive ecosystem for content production but also stimulate and sustain value co-creation behavior across multiple dimensions. Accordingly, this study identifies platform support as the key opportunity-related factor influencing anchors' engagement in value co-creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatform-provided support exerts a critical influence on anchors' value co-creation behavior by both stimulating creative motivation and enhancing creative capabilities (Shan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). On one hand, regarding motivation, copyright protection offers anchors a sense of security, encouraging them to produce original content and to explore the long-term commercial potential of their creations (Liu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Content promotion initiatives help increase audience exposure and visibility, providing anchors with tangible feedback that reinforces their creative drive. On the other hand, in terms of capability enhancement, creative tools reduce production barriers and improve operational efficiency, while skills training programs strengthen anchors\u0026rsquo; professional competencies and foster stronger career identity and development confidence (Lin \u0026amp; Kloet, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). When anchors successfully apply newly acquired skills and achieve concrete outcomes, their determination to continue participating in value co-creation is further reinforced, encouraging more active and sustained engagement within the platform ecosystem.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Ability factor\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-efficacy refers to an individual\u0026rsquo;s estimation and judgment of their ability to successfully perform a given behavior. According to self-cognitive theory, individuals form perceptions and awareness of themselves through observing, interpreting, and evaluating their own behaviors, psychological states, and thought processes. Self-efficacy influences behavioral choices, the level of effort exerted, and persistence in the face of challenges. For audiobook anchors, higher self-efficacy increases the likelihood of selecting challenging creative tasks and motivates them to devote greater effort and perseverance toward their goals. Therefore, this study identifies self-efficacy as the key ability-related factor influencing value co-creation behavior.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-efficacy plays a critical role in driving value co-creation behavior, particularly in two major areas: creative motivation and innovative capability (Zhang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). In terms of creative motivation, anchors with higher self-efficacy are more confident in their ability to produce high-quality content, which inspires greater commitment to content creation activities. Anchors who believe in their creative abilities are more willing to invest significant time and energy into exploring new themes, formats, and styles to meet the increasingly diverse needs of users. Regarding innovative capability, self-efficacy empowers anchors to break from traditional norms and experiment with novel approaches. Confident anchors are more likely to incorporate new elements and technologies into their work, explore unique creative methods, and adopt distinctive production techniques\u0026mdash;thus enhancing their ability to deliver differentiated and compelling content.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn summary, all five antecedent conditions contribute to promoting value co-creation behavior among audiobook anchors; however, these conditions need to function synergistically rather than exerting isolated effects. Specifically, interest, economic benefits, and social interaction serve to stimulate anchors\u0026rsquo; enthusiasm and proactiveness through motivational pathways, while platform value protection provides critical external opportunities for development. Self-efficacy, as a key capability, enables anchors to effectively seize these opportunities and transform motivation into concrete actions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccordingly, this study, grounded in the MOA theoretical framework, constructs an integrated configurational model of the antecedent conditions driving audiobook anchors' value co-creation behavior. The conceptual model is illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Method","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Sample and data collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study conducted a questionnaire-based survey targeting audiobook anchors on Himalaya, the largest audio platform in China. A pilot test with 30 anchors was first carried out to refine item wording and structure. Based on their feedback, adjustments were made to enhance clarity and validity. The finalized questionnaire was distributed via the Wenjuanxing platform, yielding 525 responses. After excluding invalid entries (e.g., patterned responses, unusually short completion times), 460 valid responses were retained, resulting in an effective response rate of 87.62%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The gender distribution was relatively balanced. Respondents were predominantly young, with the largest group aged 18\u0026ndash;25, followed by those aged 31\u0026ndash;40; only 4.3% were over 51. Most participants held a bachelor's degree, while only 5.2% had a master\u0026rsquo;s degree or higher. In terms of occupation, freelancers formed the largest segment, followed by corporate employees and students\u0026mdash;reflecting the occupational fluidity common in audiobook production. Income distribution showed an olive-shaped pattern, with 31.1% earning 3,001\u0026ndash;5,000 RMB and 29.1% earning 5,001\u0026ndash;10,000 RMB. However, 11.3% earned less than 1,000 RMB per month, indicating wide variation in financial outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics of the sample\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull-time Student\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eState-owned/Institution\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorporate Employee\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCivil Servant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreelancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly Income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelow 1,000 RMB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh School and Below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,001\u0026ndash;3,000 RMB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociate Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,001\u0026ndash;5,000 RMB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBachelor's Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,001\u0026ndash;10,000 RMB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaster's and Above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOver 10,000 RMB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eNotes: N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;460\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Measurement of Variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire measured six core constructs using established scales adapted from Kim and Kim et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), Lerner and Tirole (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e), Jia and Xiong (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), Liu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), and Wang et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). All items were rated on a five-point Likert scale (1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly disagree, 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly agree).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial interaction was assessed with three items capturing the extent to which audiobook production provides recognition, facilitates friendship building, and creates unique social experiences. Economic benefits included perceived job opportunities, financial income, and positive future outlooks for audiobook anchors. Interest was measured through enjoyment, emotional expression, and intrinsic motivation to continue creating regardless of external recognition. Self-efficacy captured anchors\u0026rsquo; perceived competence, confidence, and comparative advantage in audiobook production. Platform support was evaluated through perceptions of training effectiveness, copyright protection, and ease of content uploading. Lastly, value co-creation intention was measured by respondents\u0026rsquo; commitment to sustained engagement, effort investment, and dedication to high-quality audiobook production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3 Validity and reliability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reliability and validity of the measurement scales were assessed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3. Results from the exploratory factor analysis showed a KMO value of 0.947 and a significant Bartlett\u0026rsquo;s test of sphericity, indicating that the data were suitable for factor analysis and that the construct validity of the scale was acceptable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients. As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, all constructs demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha values exceeding 0.80. In addition, composite reliability (CR) values for all constructs were above the recommended threshold of 0.70, confirming good internal consistency. All factor loadings were greater than 0.70, indicating a good model fit, and average variance extracted (AVE) values for each construct were above 0.50, demonstrating satisfactory convergent validity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability and validity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoadings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach'α\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAVE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.836\u0026ndash;0.844\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.876\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.877\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.772\u0026ndash;0.790\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.821\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.822\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.606\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.761\u0026ndash;0.820\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.623\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.793\u0026ndash;0.850\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.666\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.781\u0026ndash;0.790\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVCC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.760\u0026ndash;0.845\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.829\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.619\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eNotes: SI: social interaction, EB: economic benefits, IN: interest, SE: self-efficacy, PS: platform support, VCC: value co-creation\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.4 Variable calibration\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore conducting the fsQCA, it was necessary to calibrate the raw data into fuzzy-set membership scores ranging from 0 to 1. This study adopted the direct calibration method, where the upper quartile, mean, and lower quartile of the sample data were set as thresholds for full membership, crossover point, and full non-membership, respectively. To prevent ambiguity at the crossover threshold, a constant of 0.001 was added to values calibrated as 0.5 to ensure their inclusion in the analysis. The calibration anchor points for each variable are presented \u003cb\u003ein\u003c/b\u003e Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference values for data calibration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull membership\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrossover point\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull non-membership\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVCC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1 Necessity analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA necessary condition is one that must be present for an outcome to occur. This study employed fsQCA 4.0 software to perform necessity analysis on the value co-creation behavior of audiobook anchors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNecessity analysis results for high and non-high value co-creation behavior\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCondition variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh value co-creation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-high value co-creation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2694\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e~SI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7762\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6856\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7426\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8692\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2949\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2525\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e~IN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3614\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8473\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3099\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e~EB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3548\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6665\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7224\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8508\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2514\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e~PS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3349\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3794\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7458\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8215\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3552\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2863\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e~SE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3521\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4274\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7786\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6914\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, the consistency scores for all antecedent conditions\u0026mdash;whether for high or non-high value co-creation behavior\u0026mdash;are below the threshold of 0.90. This indicates that no single condition qualifies as a necessary condition for the outcome. The absence of a necessary standalone condition reflects the complexity of factors influencing anchors\u0026rsquo; value co-creation behavior. Therefore, conducting a configurational analysis to explore the combinatory effects of antecedents is both appropriate and necessary.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2 .Configuration analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study employed fsQCA 4.0 software to analyze the sufficient conditions leading to both high and non-high value co-creation behaviors among audiobook anchors, and to identify the corresponding causal configurations. Following established practices in prior research, the consistency threshold for the original solution was set at 0.80, the PRI consistency threshold at 0.70, and the minimum frequency threshold at 5 cases. The analysis yielded complex, parsimonious, and intermediate solutions. Consistent with recommendations in the literature, the intermediate solution was selected for reporting, and the distinction between core and peripheral conditions was determined by comparing the intermediate and parsimonious solutions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2.1 Configurations for high-value co-creation behavior\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing high-value co-creation behavior as the outcome, a sufficiency analysis was conducted, resulting in six distinct causal configurations, as presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. Each configuration was identified based on the presence or absence of specific antecedent conditions and their internal logical consistency. Drawing upon both theoretical insights and practical considerations, the configurations were systematically labeled and interpreted. Detailed explanations are provided to clarify how different combinations of conditions collectively contribute to high-value co-creation among audiobook anchors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration Type I: Economy-and-Interest-Driven Type. Configurations H\u003csub\u003e1a\u003c/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e1b\u003c/sub\u003e can be classified under the Economy-and-Interest-Driven Type, which highlights economic benefits and interest as core motivational conditions. These two configurations suggest that audiobook anchors are driven simultaneously by external market incentives and internal creative passion. Despite this common foundation, the two paths diverge in their auxiliary mechanisms: while H\u003csub\u003e1a\u003c/sub\u003e leverages social interaction as a peripheral enabler, H\u003csub\u003e1b\u003c/sub\u003e emphasizes self-efficacy as a reinforcing psychological driver. Together, these configurations capture distinct yet complementary pathways through which anchors combine external resources and intrinsic motivation to sustain high-quality content creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e1a\u003c/sub\u003e reflects a value-incentive model, with economic benefits and interest as core conditions and social interaction as a peripheral condition. This path illustrates how audiobook anchors maintain long-term engagement by aligning with monetization opportunities while preserving creativity and authenticity through intrinsic interest. Interest serves as an internal driver of originality, motivating anchors to incorporate genre-specific personal expression\u0026mdash;for example, using dramatic vocal modulations to intensify suspense in thrillers, or applying regional dialects and documentary-style soundscapes to enrich historical narratives. Such creative investment fosters differentiation and encourages innovation, including the integration of AI-generated voices with human narration or the use of immersive acoustic techniques in classical literature. Economic benefits, as an external motivator, drive the professionalization of audiobook production. Anchors capitalize on monetization channels\u0026mdash;such as tipping, subscriptions, and licensing\u0026mdash;to reinvest in high-quality equipment, specialized teams, and standardized workflows. Some even develop semi-industrial production models involving dedicated personnel for script adaptation, voice performance, and sound design. While peripheral, social interaction also plays a strategic role. User feedback enhances vocal delivery, copyright partnerships broaden access to premium content, and participation in creator communities supports iterative learning and alignment with evolving platform dynamics. Together, these elements contribute to a balanced and sustainable co-creation model.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e1b\u003c/sub\u003e reflects a self-growth driven model, with economic benefits and interest as core conditions, and self-efficacy as a peripheral condition. This path highlights how financial incentives and creative passion can form a mutually reinforcing system when anchored in a strong belief in one\u0026rsquo;s capabilities. Economic benefits provide anchors with the material foundation to expand their production scale, while interest maintains content originality and artistic commitment. Although peripheral, self-efficacy plays an integrative role by enabling creators to navigate the tension between commercial goals and creative values. Anchors with high self-efficacy are more inclined to optimize workflows, grow collaborative teams, and experiment with new sound or narrative techniques. Their strong sense of competence drives resilience and adaptability, fostering continuous learning and iterative improvement. Even in resource-constrained situations, such anchors are more likely to address challenges through skill enhancement and sustained effort, contributing to consistent high-value co-creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration Type II: Socialy-Embedded Support-Driven Type. Configurations H\u003csub\u003e2a\u003c/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e2b\u003c/sub\u003e comprise the Socially-Embedded Support-Driven Type, which emphasizes the critical influence of platform infrastructure and social interaction on content co-creation. This configuration illustrates how structural supports such as algorithmic tools, collaborative environments, and user engagement channels are deeply integrated into the production logic of audiobook anchors. Whether anchored in monetization (H\u003csub\u003e2a\u003c/sub\u003e) or co-creation (H\u003csub\u003e2b\u003c/sub\u003e), both pathways demonstrate how relational networks and technological affordances jointly ensure the scalability and sustainability of audiobook production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e2a\u003c/sub\u003e follows a commercial optimization logic, with economic benefits as the core condition, and social interaction and platform support as peripheral conditions. This path reflects how audiobook anchors adopt a business-oriented approach\u0026mdash;targeting genres with stable monetization potential, leveraging data analytics to fine-tune content release strategies, and developing modular production workflows. These practices enable the construction of a full-cycle value chain encompassing topic selection, content production, and promotional deployment. Platform support reinforces this logic by reducing technical and operational barriers. Smart editing tools simplify voice synthesis and multi-role engineering; copyright protection mechanisms reduce the risk of content piracy; and algorithmic recommendation systems enhance visibility and traffic allocation. While peripheral, social interaction supports content refinement and informal collaboration. Anchors incorporate user feedback to optimize performance, engage with upstream and downstream collaborators to streamline production, and absorb insights from platform-hosted workshops and industry events\u0026mdash;jointly improving responsiveness and adaptability in content delivery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e2b\u003c/sub\u003e is characterized by social interaction, interest, and platform support as core conditions. It reflects a co-creation paradigm based on community engagement, intrinsic motivation, and technological enablement. Anchors frequently collaborate with audiences and professionals, incorporating user polls into plot development or co-authoring scripts with historians, thereby creating an immersive and participatory production process. This not only enhances content professionalism but also fosters emotional resonance and user loyalty. Creative interest remains central to this configuration, driving anchors to maintain personal expression across projects. Free from rigid market formulas, they experiment with narrative forms and cultural themes. Platform support, in turn, enables such experimentation through distributed production infrastructure, real-time remote collaboration tools, equitable IP policies, and traffic allocation incentives. These ecosystem features foster an inclusive environment where creativity is scaled and community participation is embedded in content development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e2b\u003c/sub\u003e is defined by social interaction, interest, and platform support as core conditions, representing a co-creation paradigm grounded in community engagement, intrinsic motivation, and technological enablement. In this configuration, audiobook anchors frequently collaborate with both audiences and professionals, such as by incorporating user polls into plot development or co-authoring scripts with historians, thereby fostering an immersive and participatory production process. These practices enhance content professionalism, emotional resonance, and user loyalty. Interest serves as a sustained creative force, motivating anchors to maintain personal expression and artistic consistency across projects. Unrestricted by rigid commercial formulas, they are encouraged to experiment with narrative structures and culturally embedded themes, contributing to content diversity. Platform support plays a vital enabling role by providing distributed production infrastructure, real-time remote collaboration tools, equitable intellectual property policies, and algorithmic incentives. These ecosystem-level features create an inclusive creative environment in which innovation is scalable and community participation is embedded in the content development process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration Type III: Self-Eficacy-Driven Type. Configurations H\u003csub\u003e3a\u003c/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e3b\u003c/sub\u003e fall under the Self-Efficacy- Driven Type, wherein creators\u0026rsquo; belief in their capabilities forms the central engine of high-value co-creation. In this type, in this type, self-efficacy not only supports behavior but actively drives it. Whether in collaborative or commercialized contexts, anchors with strong self-efficacy actively shape their production strategies, overcome structural limitations, and pursue creative innovation. This configuration type highlights how individual agency and technical mastery can serve as substitutes for external motivators such as platform infrastructure, economic rewards, or social engagement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e3a\u003c/sub\u003e is characterized by self-efficacy and social interaction as core conditions, alongside the absence of economic benefits and platform support. This configuration illustrates how strong community engagement and personal creative confidence can compensate for the lack of formal institutional or financial resources. Anchors on this path foster active user communities that shift from passive listeners to collaborative co-creators. Examples include inviting audiences to vote on plot developments, co-design character voice traits, or participate in collective voice acting projects. Self-efficacy plays a central role in driving innovation under constrained conditions. Anchors may apply mixed-language dubbing to reflect regional literary nuances or use open-source software to build personalized audio-processing tools. Despite the absence of monetization and institutional infrastructure, these creators sustain content co-production by exchanging skills, tools, and services within peer networks. The outcome is a decentralized and adaptive production ecosystem rooted in community support and technical self-reliance, offering a compelling alternative model of value co-creation outside traditional platform-mediated structures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration H\u003csub\u003e3b\u003c/sub\u003e is defined by economic benefits and self-efficacy as core conditions, with the absence of social interaction and interest. This configuration reflects a hyper-rational, performance-centric logic in audiobook creation. Anchors adopting this path approach production as a goal-oriented, measurable process rather than a form of personal or artistic expression. They prioritize genres with high commercial returns, design standardized content templates, and apply audience segmentation techniques to target specific user demographics. Self-efficacy provides the technical foundation for this model, empowering creators to master advanced tools, streamline workflows, and optimize audio quality. Even without emotional engagement or community feedback, these anchors use data analytics to fine-tune narrative rhythm and audio texture, replacing creative intuition with systematic production logic. This configuration demonstrates that sustained creative output can emerge from professional discipline and instrumental rationality, even in the relative absence of relational or affective motivations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Configurations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comparison of the six configurations reveals that motivational factors are the most frequently occurring antecedents, followed by ability-related conditions, while opportunity-related factors appear the least. This suggests that motivation and ability play more decisive roles in driving high-value co-creation among audiobook anchors. Motivational elements such as economic benefits, social interaction, and interest are closely linked to creators\u0026rsquo; willingness and level of effort. Anchors are commonly driven by the desire for financial returns, social connection, and creative fulfillment, which collectively form the primary impetus for sustained content production. Self-efficacy, as a key ability-related condition, reflects anchors\u0026rsquo; confidence in their creative capacity, influencing both content quality and innovation. Among all conditions, economic benefits and social interaction each appear in four configurations, making them the most prominent drivers. Although self-efficacy appears slightly less frequently, it still plays a supportive role by enabling creators to perform effectively within existing production structures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comparison of H\u003csub\u003e1a\u003c/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e1b\u003c/sub\u003e reveals that when both external economic incentives and intrinsic interest are present, audiobook anchors are more likely to engage in frequent and high-quality creative activities. In this context, social interaction and self-efficacy demonstrate a substitutive relationship. When social interaction is strong, audience feedback and engagement enhance confidence and motivation, enabling anchors to overcome creative challenges even without high levels of self-efficacy. Conversely, when self-efficacy is strong, anchors rely on their own capabilities to maintain creative output without needing frequent social validation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA similar substitution effect is observed between H\u003csub\u003e3a\u003c/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e3b\u003c/sub\u003e. In both configurations, self-efficacy enables anchors to independently manage production and maintain content quality. However, a trade-off emerges between social interaction and economic benefits. When social interaction is rich and sustained, emotional encouragement, peer support, and co-creation opportunities compensate for limited financial rewards. Thus, strong community engagement can substitute for material incentives, sustaining creative motivation even under constrained economic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eHigh value co creation behavior configuration path\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"694\" height=\"276\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the preceding analysis illustrates that motivation, ability, and opportunity can independently or collectively lead to high-value co-creation under different configurations, reflecting the principle of equifinality. Furthermore, the substitutive relationships among antecedents highlight the complexity of the co-creation process. Among all the conditions involved in substitution logic, economic benefits emerge as the most frequently substituted factor, underscoring its prominent role in shaping the co-creation behavior of audiobook anchors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2.3 Configurations Leading to Non-High-Value Co-Creation Behavior\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo further explore the opposite outcome, this study analyzed the configurations associated with non-high-value co-creation behavior. The results reveal five distinct causal pathways, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;6.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration 1 is defined by the absence of social interaction, economic benefits, interest, and platform support as core conditions, and is labeled the comprehensive deficiency type. Without social engagement, anchors struggle to build relationships with audiences and peers, undermining motivation. The lack of financial incentives, intrinsic interest, and platform resources further weakens creative initiative and developmental capacity. Configuration 2 presents low social interaction and low self-efficacy alongside high economic benefits, with all factors functioning as peripheral. This is classified as the motivation\u0026ndash;ability mismatch type. Although external rewards are available, limited social connection and low confidence prevent anchors from converting incentives into sustained co-creation outcomes. Configuration 3 features the absence of economic benefits, interest, self-efficacy, and platform support as core conditions, and is labeled the opportunity\u0026ndash;ability dual deficiency type. In this configuration, weak platform support limits technical development and exposure. Combined with low motivation and limited capacity, anchors lack both the will and means to engage in meaningful creative activity. Configuration 4 is characterized by the absence of social interaction, interest, self-efficacy, and platform support, forming a multi-dimensional deficiency type. Anchors in this path lack motivation, confidence, and institutional support, making it difficult to connect externally or cultivate internal creative momentum. Innovation and sustained output are severely restricted. Configuration 5 includes high social interaction but low economic benefits, interest, and self-efficacy, all as peripheral conditions. This is defined as the narrow motivation with ability deficiency type. Despite strong social skills, the lack of other motivational and capacity-related drivers prevents anchors from achieving high-value co-creation. Here, social engagement alone is insufficient to overcome deficiencies in creativity and competence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e：\u003c/strong\u003eNon-high value co creation behavior configuration path\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"694\" height=\"265\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe configurations associated with non-high-value co-creation behavior highlight the critical role of interest in driving anchors\u0026rsquo; engagement. When content creation is fueled by genuine passion rather than solely by external incentives, intrinsic motivation fosters greater persistence and depth in production. This finding underscores the importance of cultivating user interest on digital content platforms. To achieve this, platforms should invest in mechanisms that support users in discovering and nurturing their creative passions, such as personalized content recommendation algorithms and creative competitions. By stimulating intrinsic engagement, platforms can enhance user participation, sustain content vitality, and ultimately elevate the overall value of the co-creation ecosystem.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.3 Robustness checks\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo ensure the reliability of the configurational results, this study conducted a series of robustness checks using three different strategies. First, the minimum case frequency threshold for high and non-high value co-creation configurations was increased from 5 to 6. The configurations generated under this condition were found to be subsets of the original solutions, indicating that the core patterns remained stable even with stricter inclusion criteria. Second, the consistency threshold was raised from 0.80 to 0.85. The results remained unchanged, suggesting that the identified configurations are not sensitive to moderate adjustments in consistency parameters. Third, the PRI consistency threshold was increased from 0.70 to 0.75. A nested relationship was observed between the configurations derived under both thresholds, further confirming the robustness of the findings. Overall, the results of these tests provide strong evidence that the configurational solutions identified in this study are stable and reliable across different calibration settings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Findings and discussions","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.1 Research conclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrawing on the MOA theoretical framework, this study employed fsQCA to examine the configurational pathways that drive audiobook anchors to engage in value co-creation. Based on 460 valid survey responses, the study investigated the interactive effects of motivational, opportunity-related, and ability-based conditions. The key findings are summarized as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is no single necessary condition for value co-creation behavior among audiobook anchors. According to the necessity analysis, none of the antecedent conditions from the three MOA dimensions\u0026mdash;motivation, opportunity, or ability\u0026mdash;individually qualifies as a necessary condition for either high or non-high value co-creation behavior. This finding suggests that value co-creation is a complex phenomenon shaped by the combined influence of multiple factors, rather than the presence of any one determinant alone.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSix configurational pathways lead to high-value co-creation behavior, which can be categorized into three types: economy-and-interest-driven, socially-embedded support-driven, and self-efficacy-driven. These findings reflect the principle of equifinality\u0026mdash;i.e., multiple distinct pathways can lead to the same outcome. A comparison of these paths shows that motivational factors exert the strongest influence on high-value co-creation, followed by ability-related factors, with opportunity-related factors playing a comparatively minor role. Among all conditions, economic benefits and social interaction appeared most frequently and demonstrated the strongest driving effects. Furthermore, complex substitution relationships were observed among antecedent conditions, with economic benefits occupying a particularly central position in these trade-offs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFive configurations were identified as leading to non-high-value co-creation behavior. These were categorized into the following types: comprehensive deficiency, motivation\u0026ndash;ability mismatch, dual deficiency in opportunity and ability, multi-dimensional deficiency, and narrow motivation with ability deficiency. A comparative analysis of these five configurations reveals that a lack of interest is a key factor contributing to non-high-value co-creation. Without intrinsic passion or engagement, anchors are less likely to sustain meaningful creative output, even when other conditions are present.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.2 Theoretical implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs the creator economy continues to evolve, academic inquiry into the behavioral mechanisms of content creators has deepened. However, existing research predominantly focuses on either individual motivations or platform mechanisms in isolation, with limited attention to the multifactorial interactions and configurational dynamics that shape creators' value co-creation behaviors. Drawing on the MOA framework and employing fsQCA, this study investigates the complex causal pathways driving audiobook anchors\u0026rsquo;value co-creation behavior and makes several important theoretical contributions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst, this study moves beyond single-factor determinism by revealing the configurational complexity underlying creators\u0026rsquo; value co-creation. It demonstrates that motivation, opportunity, and ability are not individually necessary conditions for value co-creation. Instead, such behavior emerges through the interplay of multiple concurrent factors. This finding enriches the MOA framework and aligns with recent studies that emphasize multi-role interaction and interdependence within digital content ecosystems (Galvez-De-La-Cuesta et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Bleier et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond, the study refines the logic of multiple equifinal paths leading to high-value co-creation. Six distinct configurations are identified, which fall into three categories: economy-and-interest-driven, socially embedded support-driven, and self-efficacy-driven. These configurations exhibit both heterogeneity and equivalence, reinforcing the idea that multiple motivational structures can lead to similar outcomes. This supports prior research that highlights diversified motivation in creator\u0026ndash;user dynamics and the interaction between technological affordances and creative expression (Hollebeek et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Kim and Kim, 2024). Moreover, economic benefit and social interaction frequently appear as core conditions, offering new empirical insights into the collaborative logic of multi-motive-driven creation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThird, the study addresses growing concerns about creators' labor vulnerability by identifying interest deficiency as a critical impediment to sustained co-creation. Even with favorable external support, the absence of intrinsic motivation can hinder consistent content production. This resonates with recent findings on creators\u0026rsquo; emotional burnout and coping strategies in high-exposure environments, further advancing understanding of creator vulnerability and resilience (Bidav, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e; Stegeman et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.3 Managerial implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the configurational findings, this study offers the following practical recommendations for audiobook platforms seeking to enhance anchor participation and foster sustainable value co-creation:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShift from linear to systemic thinking in platform operations. Value co-creation by audiobook anchors is a complex, system-level process shaped by the interaction of multiple conditions, rather than being driven by any single factor. Therefore, platform operators should move beyond isolated interventions and adopt an integrated approach that accounts for the synergistic interplay among motivation, opportunity, and ability. Rather than focusing exclusively on one dimension (e.g., incentives or tools), platform strategies should aim to strengthen the dynamic coordination among key enabling factors to support holistic content production ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelop stratified incentive mechanisms based on differentiated user profiles. The existence of six distinct configurations for high-value co-creation suggests that a one-size-fits-all incentive model is insufficient. Platforms should instead build a developmental roadmap system aligned with anchor characteristics and trajectories. This starts with leveraging big data analytics to assess anchors\u0026rsquo; historical content, creative styles, and engagement behavior, forming the foundation for layered user profiling.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on these profiles, differentiated incentive schemes can be deployed: for economy-driven users, tiered revenue-sharing and bonus structures can be emphasized; for socially-driven users, community-based recognition systems such as fan privilege tiers can be developed; and for self-efficacy-driven users, platforms can provide technical toolkits and workflow support tailored to their production needs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultivate intrinsic interest and ensure economic sustainability. Platforms should pay closer attention to both user interest and financial motivation as twin engines of sustainable content creation. On the one hand, user interest can be stimulated by offering personalized content topic suggestions based on data-driven insights, enabling cross-format creation, and providing diverse creation templates. Interest-based engagement can be further promoted through creator communities, gamified challenges, and systems of honorary recognition. Training initiatives such as beginner tutorials, skill-focused workshops, and expert-led webinars can support the onboarding of new creators and enhance overall professional standards. On the other hand, improving economic viability is equally critical. Platforms should deploy AI-assisted tools to enhance production efficiency and quality, offer personalized monetization guidance, and assign dedicated support teams to emerging creators. Strategies that reduce resource centralization, such as \u0026ldquo;de-celebrity\u0026rdquo; initiatives, can democratize opportunities and promote grassroots creativity. Additionally, the platform should implement transparent operational rules, high-quality service standards, and fair content governance mechanisms. This includes stronger supervision to prevent unethical behavior, improved customer support systems, and safeguards to ensure a positive production environment. Importantly, a clear separation between AI-generated and human-produced content should be established to ensure that professional creators retain sufficient market space. A dual-channel content strategy may help balance efficiency with authenticity and preserve creator-driven cultural expression.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.4 Limitations and future research directions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite its contributions, this study is not without limitations. First, the sample was drawn primarily from audiobook anchors on the Himalaya platform, which may limit the generalizability and breadth of the findings. Future research could expand the sample to include multiple audiobook platforms and more diverse creator groups to enhance the external validity of the results. Second, the study is based on cross-sectional data, which constrains the ability to capture dynamic causal relationships among variables. Future studies could employ longitudinal tracking data or experimental designs to more precisely identify causal mechanisms and behavioral change processes over time. Third, the analytical framework in this study is primarily grounded in the MOA theory. While this provides a valuable perspective for understanding value co-creation behavior, future research could incorporate additional theoretical frameworks, such as Social Exchange Theory or Self-Determination Theory, to enhance theoretical depth and offer a more comprehensive understanding of anchor behavior on digital content platforms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Approval:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval for this research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the School of Business, Qilu Institute of Technology, under approval number QL2025-BUS-01, granted on April 30, 2025. The research protocol, including the questionnaire design and data handling procedures, was reviewed and approved to ensure compliance with ethical guidelines regarding participant anonymity, data confidentiality, and voluntary participation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consent:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study. Prior to participation, respondents were provided with clear information about the purpose of the study, the data collection process, the intended use of the results, and their rights to refuse or withdraw at any time without any negative consequences. Participants confirmed their voluntary participation by agreeing to the informed consent statement before proceeding with the questionnaire. All collected data were anonymized and used solely for academic research purposes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflicts of Interest:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflicts of interest\u003c/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eConceptualization, N.H. and L.Y.; methodology, N.H.; formal analysis, N.H.; investigation, L.Y. and D.Z.; data curation, D.Z.; writing\u0026mdash;original draft preparation, N.H.; writing\u0026mdash;review and ed-iting, L.Y.; funding acquisition, L.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe are deeply grateful to all the interviewees for their invaluable contributions to this research.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability Statement:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA), the data cannot be disclosed through public channels. The corresponding author can provide the datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBidav, T. (2025). Localised precarity in social media entertainment: YouTubing in Turkey. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Cultural Studies, 28\u003c/em\u003e(1), 133\u0026ndash;150. https://doi.org/10.1177/13678779241258491\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBleier, A., Fossen, B. L., \u0026amp; Shapira, M. (2024). On the role of social media platforms in the creator economy. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Research in Marketing\u003c/em\u003e, 41(3), 411\u0026ndash;426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar. 2024.06.006\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, J., Fu, J., \u0026amp; Wang, L. (2022). 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Value co-creation process and mechanism between online audio platforms and anchors: A case study of Himalaya FM. \u003cem\u003eModern Communication\u003c/em\u003e, 46(2), 154\u0026ndash;162. https://doi.org/10.19997/j.cnki.xdcb.2024.02.011\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"humanities-and-social-sciences-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"palcomms","sideBox":"Learn more about [Humanities \u0026 Social Sciences Communications](http://www.nature.com/palcomms/)","snPcode":"41599","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41599/3","title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"creator economy, audiobook anchors, MOA framework, fsQCA, value co-creation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6774216/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6774216/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn the context of the creator economy, audiobook anchors have become essential agents in platform-based value co-creation, yet the psychological and structural factors driving their sustained content production remain underexplored. Guided by the Motivation\u0026ndash;Opportunity\u0026ndash;Ability (MOA) framework, this study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyze 460 valid responses from anchors on the Himalaya platform. The results reveal three distinct configurations associated with high-value co-creation: economy-and-interest-driven, socially embedded support-driven, and self-efficacy-driven types. Complex substitution patterns among antecedent conditions are identified, with economic benefits playing a particularly pivotal role. In contrast, lack of intrinsic interest is a key factor contributing to non-high-value co-creation behavior. These findings underscore the configurational nature of content production behavior and offer theoretical and practical insights for enhancing platform incentives and sustaining creator engagement.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The antecedents of value co - creation behavior of audiobook anchors in the creator conomy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-05 06:23:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6774216/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-30T17:05:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"318517691453979980502878581172546297164","date":"2025-08-30T02:52:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"275839998117027102517643094277858797272","date":"2025-06-03T07:58:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-03T07:42:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-03T06:42:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-03T06:39:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-03T06:39:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","date":"2025-05-29T08:03:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"humanities-and-social-sciences-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"palcomms","sideBox":"Learn more about [Humanities \u0026 Social Sciences Communications](http://www.nature.com/palcomms/)","snPcode":"41599","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41599/3","title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"221cee13-58ee-4446-bc57-dfe7a08823c7","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":49542134,"name":"Business and commerce/Business and management"},{"id":49542135,"name":"Humanities/Cultural and media studies"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-05T06:23:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-05 06:23:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6774216","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6774216","identity":"rs-6774216","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}