Angiographic profile and common risk features of coronary artery disease among patients who underwent Conventional Coronary Angiography at a tertiary care center hospital in Nepal 

Angiographic profile and common risk features of coronary artery disease among patients who underwent Conventional Coronary Angiography at a tertiary care center hospital in Nepal | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Angiographic profile and common risk features of coronary artery disease among patients who underwent Conventional Coronary Angiography at a tertiary care center hospital in Nepal Kunal Bikram Shaha, Kritick Bhandari, Kamana Sen, Maria Qadri, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6585220/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Coronary angiography (CAG) is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic modality in CAD. This study aimed to evaluate the angiographic profile, clinical presentations, and risk factors among patients undergoing diagnostic CAG at a tertiary care center in Nepal. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, from January 2022 to July 2024. A total of 196 patients aged 18 years and above who underwent diagnostic CAG for suspected or confirmed CAD were included. Data were extracted from Cath Lab registries and hospital records. Stenosis was categorized as non-critical (<50%), intermittent (50–69%), and significant (≥70%). Patterns of vessel involvement were classified as single-vessel disease (SVD), double-vessel disease (DVD), or triple-vessel disease (TVD). SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 196 patients analyzed, 115 (58.7%) had abnormal angiographic findings. Significant CAD (≥70% stenosis) was seen in 100 patients. SVD was the most common pattern (41%), followed by DVD (31%) and TVD (28%). LAD was the most frequently involved artery (60%). Hypertension (58.7%) and diabetes (35.7%) were the predominant risk factors. PCI was performed in 31.8% of patients, while 55.7% were managed medically. Discussion: This study highlights the rising burden of significant CAD, with a predominant involvement of the LAD. Limited access to advanced cardiovascular interventions and financial constraints continue to hinder optimal care, emphasizing the need for health system strengthening and early detection strategies in Nepal. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6585220","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":484859173,"identity":"bbfa46e8-67e7-4459-965e-788d09496a48","order_by":0,"name":"Kunal Bikram Shaha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"KIST Medical College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kunal","middleName":"Bikram","lastName":"Shaha","suffix":""},{"id":484859174,"identity":"97b04576-1573-4528-98b2-b5ae44b357f4","order_by":1,"name":"Kritick 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","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6585220/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6585220/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Coronary angiography (CAG) is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic modality in CAD. This study aimed to evaluate the angiographic profile, clinical presentations, and risk factors among patients undergoing diagnostic CAG at a tertiary care center in Nepal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, from January 2022 to July 2024. A total of 196 patients aged 18 years and above who underwent diagnostic CAG for suspected or confirmed CAD were included. Data were extracted from Cath Lab registries and hospital records. Stenosis was categorized as non-critical (\u0026lt;50%), intermittent (50–69%), and significant (≥70%). Patterns of vessel involvement were classified as single-vessel disease (SVD), double-vessel disease (DVD), or triple-vessel disease (TVD). SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAmong 196 patients analyzed, 115 (58.7%) had abnormal angiographic findings. Significant CAD (≥70% stenosis) was seen in 100 patients. SVD was the most common pattern (41%), followed by DVD (31%) and TVD (28%). LAD was the most frequently involved artery (60%). Hypertension (58.7%) and diabetes (35.7%) were the predominant risk factors. PCI was performed in 31.8% of patients, while 55.7% were managed medically.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nThis study highlights the rising burden of significant CAD, with a predominant involvement of the LAD. Limited access to advanced cardiovascular interventions and financial constraints continue to hinder optimal care, emphasizing the need for health system strengthening and early detection strategies in Nepal.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Angiographic profile and common risk features of coronary artery disease among patients who underwent Conventional Coronary Angiography at a tertiary care center hospital in Nepal ","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-28 20:24:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6585220/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3af1dd98-3900-4b8f-b9eb-3ee0c2cf65e4","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-29T12:57:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-28 20:24:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6585220","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6585220","identity":"rs-6585220","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}