A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact?

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This study aims to investigate the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development using systematic review. Methods This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library, were used to conduct a systematic search for eligible studies from their inception until July 18, 2023. PROSPERO registration number was No. CRD42023445968. Results We initially identified 4,774 articles. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonella spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutans. Some studies indicate that Veillonella spp. can inhibit the acid production by S. mutans, potentially reducing the cariogenic process. Another aspect is the competition for substrates. Veillonella spp. utilize lactic acid, which is a by product of S. mutans metabolism, as a source of carbon. This metabolic interaction may decrease the availability of lactic acid for S. mutans, potentially influencing its cariogenic potential. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonella spp. can modulate the acid production, and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2", "name": "A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species..." } } ] } Home Browse A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Hasan F, Setia Budi H, Ramasamy R et al. A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Revised A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] Faizul Hasan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-1328 1 , Hendrik Setia Budi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-3372 2 , Rajesh Ramasamy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4227-0458 3 , [...] Tantiana Tantiana 4 , Rini Devijanti Ridwan 4 , Ervina Restiwulan Winoto 5 , Prawati Nuraini 6 , Juni Handajani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-6141 7 , Ariadna Adisattya Djais https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-9444 8 , Silvia Anitasari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-5981 9 Faizul Hasan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-1328 1 , Hendrik Setia Budi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-3372 2 , [...] Rajesh Ramasamy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4227-0458 3 , Tantiana Tantiana 4 , Rini Devijanti Ridwan 4 , Ervina Restiwulan Winoto 5 , Prawati Nuraini 6 , Juni Handajani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-6141 7 , Ariadna Adisattya Djais https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-9444 8 , Silvia Anitasari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-5981 9 PUBLISHED 23 Jan 2025 Author details Author details 1 Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand 2 Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 3 Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia 4 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 5 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 6 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 7 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 8 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia 9 Department Medical Microbiology, Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia Faizul Hasan Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Hendrik Setia Budi Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Rajesh Ramasamy Roles: Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Tantiana Tantiana Roles: Project Administration, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Rini Devijanti Ridwan Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Ervina Restiwulan Winoto Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Prawati Nuraini Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Juni Handajani Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Ariadna Adisattya Djais Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Silvia Anitasari Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background The interaction between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Veillonella species (Veillonella spp.) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development using systematic review. Methods This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library, were used to conduct a systematic search for eligible studies from their inception until July 18, 2023. PROSPERO registration number was No. CRD42023445968. Results We initially identified 4,774 articles. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonella spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutans. Some studies indicate that Veillonella spp. can inhibit the acid production by S. mutans, potentially reducing the cariogenic process. Another aspect is the competition for substrates. Veillonella spp. utilize lactic acid, which is a by product of S. mutans metabolism, as a source of carbon. This metabolic interaction may decrease the availability of lactic acid for S. mutans, potentially influencing its cariogenic potential. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonella spp. can modulate the acid production, and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Veillonellae species, lactic acid, substrates competition Corresponding Author(s) Hendrik Setia Budi ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Hendrik Setia Budi Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: HSB received funding from Airlangga University and The Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (Ristekdikti) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2025 Hasan F et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Hasan F, Setia Budi H, Ramasamy R et al. A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.2 ) First published: 20 Sep 2024, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.1 ) Latest published: 23 Jan 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.2 ) Revised Amendments from Version 1 The updated version of our article includes substantial revisions informed by reviewer feedback to enhance clarity and accuracy. Revisions involve correcting terminology for Veillonella spp. to ensure accurate taxonomic identification and refining the reference to Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) for consistency with established nomenclature. The adjustments enhance microbial specificity and strengthen the scientific rigor of the manuscript. Minor edits were implemented throughout to improve readability and comply with journal guidelines. The collective changes enhance the manuscript and provide stronger support for our findings. The updated version of our article includes substantial revisions informed by reviewer feedback to enhance clarity and accuracy. Revisions involve correcting terminology for Veillonella spp. to ensure accurate taxonomic identification and refining the reference to Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) for consistency with established nomenclature. The adjustments enhance microbial specificity and strengthen the scientific rigor of the manuscript. Minor edits were implemented throughout to improve readability and comply with journal guidelines. The collective changes enhance the manuscript and provide stronger support for our findings. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Fidya Fidya See the authors' detailed response to the review by Zahreni Hamzah and Yani Corvianindya Rahayu See the authors' detailed response to the review by Yifei Zhang READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction The oral cavity is a habitat that provides a diversity of microbial species, and it is estimated that more than 700 species of bacteria are present in the oral cavity. 1 The teeth, tongue, cheeks, gingival sulcus, tonsils, and palate provide a favourable environment for microorganisms to thrive. The oral cavity’s surface is coated with many bacteria in dental plaque, known as a dental biofilm. 2 , 3 Oral bacteria encompass both gram-positive and gram-negative species exhibiting varied growth characteristics, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The commensal flora works in harmony with the host, but this relationship can become disharmonious due to changes in the microenvironment (microenvironment), resulting in disease states. Predominant oral diseases such as caries and periodontal disease are caused by microflora that are not in line with the host (dysbiosis). 4 The role of beneficial bacteria is to prevent invasion of pathogenic bacteria. 1 The polymicrobial community in oral biofilms, comprising Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Eubacterium, exists in homeostasis with the human host. 5 Specific bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, exhibit a strong association with periodontitis. 6 , 7 Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe typically located in the oral cavity. Under specific conditions, including inadequate oral hygiene, S. mutans may play a role in the formation of dental caries. Inadequate oral hygiene fosters conditions that promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis. 8 Dental caries is caused by multifactorial, one of which is food left on the surface or between the teeth. Sweet food with high glucose, such as carbohydrates, candy, sugar and other sweet foods, will form a layer of plaque (dental biofilm) on the tooth surface as a colony for a multi microorganism. 9 Dental caries and plaque are among the most common diseases worldwide and are caused by a mixture of microorganisms and food. 10 Acid-producing bacteria, especially S. mutans, will colonize the tooth surface and cause damage to the hard tooth structure due to the fermentation of carbohydrates into sucrose and fructose. 11 Lactic acid formed by S. mutans bacteria in plaque will cause demineralization of tooth enamel and decrease saliva acidity (pH), resulting in caries over time. 12 However, lactic acid is a source of life for other bacteria in the vicinity, such as Veillonella species (Veillonella spp.) and is closely related to lactic acid-producing bacteria. 13 , 14 Bacteria in the oral cavity will reduce high concentrations of nitrate in saliva to nitrite, and nitric oxide. 15 Veillonela spp. is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that can convert lactic acid into weak nitric acid (NO 3 - ), which is then reduced to produce nitrite (NO 2 - ), and nitric oxide (NO) which is a source of defence in the oral cavity against pathogenic bacteria and raises the pH of the oral cavity. 16 , 17 This process is known as the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. 18 The biological activity of nitrite is lower than that of NO, while nitrate has no biological activity. The half-life of NO is very short, so it only has activity around its biosynthetic site. 19 The symbiosis between bacteria can certainly benefit or harm the host. Veillonella spp. may reduce lactic acid that causes dental caries produced by S. mutans. However, there is a lack of pooled evidence investigating the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development using systematic review. Therefore, this systematic review examined the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development. Methods Data sources and searches This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. 20 The study registration number was CRD42023445968 on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews website. Three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library, were used to conduct a systematic search for eligible studies from their inception until July 18, 2023. We used the following keyword combinations to search for articles: (“Streptococcus mutans”) OR (“S. mutans”) AND (Veillonella) OR (“Veillonella spp.”) AND (“Dental Caries”) OR (“Tooth Decay”), the searching strategies were listed in Table 1 . In addition, the reference lists of the eligible articles were manually searched to identify additional relevant publications. Table 1. Search strategy. Database Keywords PubMed ((((“Streptococcus mutans”[All Fields] OR “s mutans”[All Fields]) AND (“veillonella”[MeSH Terms] OR “veillonella”[All Fields] OR “veillonellae”[All Fields])) OR “Veillonella spp”[All Fields]) AND “Dental Caries”[All Fields]) OR “Tooth Decay”[All Fields] EMBASE (“Streptococcus mutans”) OR (“S. mutans”) AND (Veillonella) OR (“Veillonella spp”) AND (“Dental Caries”) OR (“Tooth Decay”) Cochrane Library (“Streptococcus mutans”) OR (“S. mutans”) AND (Veillonella) OR (“Veillonella spp”) AND (“Dental Caries”) OR (“Tooth Decay”) Study selection We included full-text studies that fulfilled the following criteria: (1) individuals with dental caries, early childhood caries (ECC), or root caries, compared or not with a control group without caries; (2) reported the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries; and (3) the study employed a cross-sectional, case–control, prospective, retrospective, or randomized controlled. We defined the dental caries by Decay-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT) or other standard instrument used to define the dental caries. There were no language or publication date restrictions. Two investigators (H.S.B. and F.H.) searched the electronic databases independently and screened and reviewed the qualified publications. The third investigator (R.D.R.) assisted in resolving any discrepancies through discussion. Quality assessment Study outcome To assess the methodological quality of the included studies, we used the Joanna . 21 We scored each item as “yes,” “no,” “unclear,” or “not applicable”. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers (H.S.B. and F.H.) extracted data and evaluated the included studies independently. Any differences were resolved through discussion. We extracted the first author’s name, publication year, study location, study design, sample demographics, sample size, and the interaction betweem S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. All data were presented in tables. Results Selection, inclusion, and characteristics of studies As presented in Figure 1 , we initially identified 4,774 articles. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. We added 1 studies from other sources. Five studies were excluded by reason were presented in Table 2 . In total, there were 7 studies were included for the systematic review. Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram. Table 2. List of the excluded studies after a full-text review. Author, year Reasons of exclusion Do, 2015 Did not provide data of interest Mashima, 2018 Did not provide data of interest Rocas, 2015 Did not provide data of interest Shen, 2005 Did not provide data of interest Wang, 2017 Did not provide data of interest Among the included studies, there were 408 participants in total. The age was ranges from 1 to 3.89 years old. Five studies were conducted in United State of America and the two studies were in Hong Kong and Indonesia. Other detail of participant characteristics were presented in Table 3 . Table 3. Participant characteristic. Author, year Country Sample size Age Male Female Inclusion and exclusion criteria Caries Control Caries Control Caries Control Caries Control Agnello, 2017 USA 30 20 42.8±12.2 mo 37.4±10.3 mo 19 9 11 11 Inclusion: Children who were <72 months of age and identified by their parent or legal caregiver as being Canadian First Nations or Métis. Exclusion: Children who had taken antibiotics within the last 3 months. Chalmers, 2015 USA 9 NA 3.89 yr NA 6 NA 3 NA Inclusion: The child was medically healthy, had not used antibiotics within the last 3 months, and the parent or guardian was willing to consent to the child’s clinical examination and microbial sampling. Exclusion: NA Gross, 2012 USA 36 36 23.6 (12-36) mo 46% 54% Inclusion: Subjects with dental caries and a dentally healthy control group were recruited. For the caries group was the presence of at least two maxillary incisors with white spot lesions, no cavitated lesion greater than 1 mm, and no existing restorations Exclusion: Age greater than 36 months, indications for infective endocarditis prophylaxis, and professional cleaning in the past 30 days. Jiang, 2016 Hong Kong 20 20 3.3 yr 3.35 yr 10 10 10 10 Inclusion: Chinese children aged 3–4 years old Exclusion: Had a serious health condition, were under regular medication, refused to cooperate in dental examination or saliva collection, or were absent from school on the examination day. Setiawan, 2020 Indonesia 62 25 2-3 yr 42 45 Inclusion: A child should be in good health, have no systemic abnormalities, and be willing to have an oral examination Exclusion: Children who had an abnormality in their mouth, such that they could not open their mouths or have been taking antibiotics for a long time. Tanner, 2011 USA 42 40 3.97±0.12 yr 3.68±0.16 yr 24 21 18 19 Inclusion: The child was medically healthy and had not used antibiotics within the last 3 months and the parent or guardian was willing to consent to the child’s clinical examination and microbial sampling. Exclusion: NA Milnes, 1985 USA 5 4 10-16 mo NA NA NA NA Inclusion: Canadian Indian children with age 10-16 months. Exclusion: NA Table 4 depicted the studies characteristic. For the caries type, there were 4 studies were ECC type, and 3 studies were severe ECC. The definition to detect caries criteria was using DMFT, DMFS, white spot, gingivital index, and caries dentition criteria. Table 4. Study characteristics. Author, year Instrument Caries type Results Agnello, 2017 DMFT S-ECC The Relative abundance (%) median (range) of Veillonella spp. dispar in caries subject was 3.0 (0.33 to 19.0) and for the control was 2.2 (0.15 to 9.4). For Streptococcus mutans was 0.73 (0.02 to 22.9) in caries group and 0.15 (0.006 to 10.4) in control group. Chalmers, 2015 Extensive caries in the primary dentition S-ECC There were significant different (P=0.033) of relative abundance mean percentage and standard deviation of Veillonella spp. in caries subject was 5.25 (±6.65) and for control was 15.22 (±9.48). For Streptococcus was 35.63 (±17.04) for caries subject and 32.11 (±18.91) for control group. Gross, 2012 white spot or cavitated lesion ECC Veillonella spp., which metabolizes lactate, was associated with caries and was highly correlated with total acid producing species. Among children without previous history of caries, Veillonella spp., but not S. mutans or other acid-producing species, predicted future caries. There was significant correlation (r 2 =0.38) between relative levels of Veillonella spp. and acidogenic streptococci in white spot lesions. The total % abundance of S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and S. vestibularis/salivarius combined is plotted against the abundance of the Veillonella atypica/dispar/parvula group expressed as a fraction of the remaining community. Jiang, 2016 DMFT ECC At the genus level, the caries-affected group contained 117 genera, while the caries-free group contained 123 genera. Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella spp., Neisseria, Rothia, Haemophilus, and Gemella constituted 75% of the caries-affected salivary microbial communities and 74% of the caries-free salivary microbial communities, respectively. According to the current study, salivary "caries-associated" species (such as R. dentocariosa, A. graevenitzii, and F. periodonticum) may be potential biomarkers for screening and assessing caries risk in children. Setiawan, 2020 DMFS ECC The average proportion of Veillonella spp. in caries-free children (2.13±2.30) was lower than in ECC children (3.29±6.83), suggesting that Veillonella spp. may be a risk factor for ECC. Tanner, 2011 plaque and gingival indexes, and gingival bleeding S-ECC Despite not being acidogenic, Veillonella spp. are frequently linked to caries. By promoting the proliferation or survival of cariogenic species, as has been shown for the interactions between Veillonella spp. and S. mutans, they may play a crucial role in the caries biofilm. Milnes, 1985 White spot lesion and cavitation ECC Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Veillonella spp. levels differ significantly between caries and caries-free subjects. Veillonella spp. were discovered in substantially greater numbers on the caries subject. The discovery was unrelated to the development of a lesion and may reflect an increase in lactic acid in plaque. Veillonella spp. modifying the carries attack does not appear likely. Interaction between Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp. on dental caries The studies revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonella spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutans. Some studies indicate that Veillonella spp. can inhibit the acid production by S. mutans, potentially reducing the cariogenic process. Another aspect is the competition for substrates. Veillonella spp. utilize lactic acid, which is a by product of S. mutans metabolism, as a source of carbon. This metabolic interaction may decrease the availability of lactic acid for S. mutans, potentially influencing its cariogenic potential. Limited evidence suggests that Veillonella spp. might have an impact on the host immune response and modulate the inflammatory processes associated with dental caries. Further research is necessary to understand the specific mechanisms involved in these interactions. Meta-analysis The meta-analysis cannot be performed due to the limitation of the number of included studies. Methodological quality of included studies Most studies used a cross-sectional study design. Of these, 4 studies did not state their strategies for addressing confounding factors. All studies measure outcomes in a valid and reliable manner. Other details regarding the methodological quality of studies are summarized in Table 5 . Table 5. Risk of methodological bias score of the studies. Authors, year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Agnello, 2017 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Chalmers, 2015 Y Y Y Y Y NA Y Y Gross, 2012 Y Y Y Y Y NA Y Y Jiang, 2016 Y Y Y Y Y NA Y Y Setiawan, 2020 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Tanner, 2011 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Milnes, 1985 Y Y Y Y NA NA Y Y Discussion This systematic review highlights novel findings about the interaction of Veillonella spp. and S. mutans in dental caries. The results imply that Veillonella spp. can control the substrate competition and acid production of S. mutans, potentially affecting the cariogenic process. This interaction may also be influenced by host-microbe interactions. Because our study implied rigorous methodology, hence, the finding should be highly considered. S. mutans is a bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity and is known for its role in dental caries formation. 22 However, recent studies have shown that Veillonella spp., anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity, play a role in inhibiting this caries progression. 23 Veillonella spp., on the other hand, are anaerobic bacteria that thrive in the same environment. Studies have shown that these two bacteria have a mutually beneficial relationship. 24 S. mutans is known for its ability to ferment dietary carbohydrates, producing acids as by products. These acids can lead to the demineralization of tooth enamel, increasing the risk of dental caries. 25 However, Veillonella spp. have been found to metabolize the lactate produced by S. mutans. 26 Lactate is a key component of the acid production process. 27 By lowering the acidity, Veillonella spp. contribute to maintaining a more balanced pH level, 28 which is crucial for oral health and prevents enamel demineralization. 29 Furthermore, the presence of Veillonella spp. has been shown to inhibit the growth and colonization of other potentially harmful bacteria in the oral cavity. This further emphasizes the beneficial role of Veillonella spp. in maintaining oral health. The exact mechanisms by which Veillonella spp. inhibit the growth of these harmful bacteria are still being studied, but it is believed that they compete for resources or produce antimicrobial substances. The symbiosis between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. plays a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the oral microbiome. 30 , 31 The relationship between Veillonella spp. abundance and dental caries (specifically Early Childhood Caries or ECC) is not entirely consistent across all studies. While some studies have reported lower levels of Veillonella spp. in caries-free individuals compared to those with ECC, other studies have reported different findings. In some research, lower levels of Veillonella spp. have been associated with a higher risk of dental caries, including ECC. 32 This could be because Veillonella spp., as an acid-resistant bacteria, plays a role in modulating the oral environment and reducing acidity, which is beneficial in preventing dental caries. On the other hand, other studies have shown contrasting results, reporting either higher levels of Veillonella spp. or no significant difference in its abundance between caries-free children and those with ECC. 33 Some studies have shown a higher abundance of Veillonella spp. in caries subjects compared to control subjects, suggesting a potential role of Veillonella spp. in caries progression. On the other hand, other studies have found no significant difference in Veillonella spp. levels between the two groups. The difference in Veillonella spp. abundance between caries subjects and controls could be attributed to several factors related to the oral microbiome and the development of dental caries. The oral microbiome is a complex ecosystem consisting of various bacterial species, and its composition can be influenced by multiple factors, including diet, oral hygiene practices, genetics, and environmental factors. 34 The potential reasons for the difference in Veillonella spp. amount between caries subjects and controls are diet, oral hygiene practices, acidity (pH), host genetics and immune and disease progression response. The type and frequency of dietary sugar intake can influence the abundance of different bacterial species in the oral cavity. High sugar consumption provides more food for acid-producing bacteria like S. mutans, which can lead to a shift in the microbial balance. 35 As Veillonella spp. can utilize metabolic by products of acid-producing bacteria, its abundance may change in response to variations in sugar consumption. Regular and effective oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing, can help maintain a healthier oral microbiome by reducing the accumulation of plaque and the growth of cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria. Inadequate oral hygiene may promote the growth of cariogenic bacteria at the expense of acid-resistant bacteria like Veillonella spp. Dental caries development is associated with a decrease in oral pH due to acid production from certain bacteria. Veillonella spp. is known to thrive in low-pH environments and can help modulate the acidity in the oral cavity. Consequently, its abundance may be affected by changes in pH levels caused by the presence of cariogenic bacteria. 10 Individual variations in host genetics and immune responses can influence the composition of the oral microbiome and susceptibility to dental caries. 36 The interactions between the host and specific bacterial species, including Veillonella spp., might impact its abundance in the oral cavity. Disease progression, dental caries is a dynamic process. As the disease progresses, the oral environment changes, which can lead to shifts in the composition of the oral microbiome, including Veillonella spp. To understand the specific reasons for the difference in Veillonella spp. abundance between caries subjects and controls, need to conduct comprehensive studies that take into multiple factors and potentially control for confounding variables. It is important to note that the conflicting results may be due to various factors, such as differences in study design, sample size, and methodology. Additionally, the oral microbiome is highly complex, and the interaction between different microorganisms may also influence the progression of caries. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific interactions and mechanisms involved in this symbiotic relationship between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. Such knowledge could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies or probiotics that promote the growth of Veillonella spp. to prevent or slow down the progression of dental caries. While the strength of the finding is acknowledged, we recognize the limitation of relying solely on clinical research literature, which restricts the ability to draw causal inferences. Conclusion This systematic review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonella spp. can modulate the acid production, and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process. Additionally, host-microbe interactions may play a role in this interaction. Further research, including well-designed in vitro and in vivo studies, is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying this interaction. The knowledge gained from such investigations could pave the way for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. to manage dental caries effectively. Ethics and consent Ethical approval and consent were not required. Data availability Underlying data No data are associated with this article. Reporting guidelines PRISMA checklist https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11213481 Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero “No rights reserved” data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). 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PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 20 Sep 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand 2 Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 3 Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia 4 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 5 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 6 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia 7 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 8 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia 9 Department Medical Microbiology, Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia Faizul Hasan Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Hendrik Setia Budi Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Rajesh Ramasamy Roles: Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Tantiana Tantiana Roles: Project Administration, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Rini Devijanti Ridwan Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Ervina Restiwulan Winoto Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Prawati Nuraini Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Juni Handajani Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Ariadna Adisattya Djais Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Silvia Anitasari Roles: Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information HSB received funding from Airlangga University and The Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (Ristekdikti) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (2) version 2 Revised Published: 23 Jan 2025, 13:1080 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.2 version 1 Published: 20 Sep 2024, 13:1080 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.1 Copyright © 2025 Hasan F et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Hasan F, Setia Budi H, Ramasamy R et al. A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155987.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 23 Jan 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Purnami Dewi T. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r365051 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-365051 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 07 Feb 2025 Tri Purnami Dewi , Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r365051 Your Report 1. In the "introduction" section, there is the word (microenvironment) in Parenthesis, does it indicate additional information?. In the sentence "Dental caries and plaque are among the most common diseases worldwide and ... Continue reading READ ALL Your Report 1. In the "introduction" section, there is the word (microenvironment) in Parenthesis, does it indicate additional information?. In the sentence "Dental caries and plaque are among the most common diseases worldwide and are caused by a mixture of microorganisms and food": there are several perceptions, whether plaque is also the most common disease, or the cause of dental caries consisting of a mixture of microorganisms 2. For the "discussion" and "conclusion" sections, it would be better to be more organized/sequential in explaining "the relationship" which causes "the interaction" between the two species. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Purnami Dewi T. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r365051 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-365051 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kurniawati A, Setyaningsih S and Penga YM. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362027 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-362027 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 30 Jan 2025 Atik Kurniawati , Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Sari Setyaningsih , Biomedicine, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Yohana Maria Penga , Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362027 We have no further comments on the manuscript. The ... Continue reading READ ALL We have no further comments on the manuscript. The author has revised it as suggested by the reviewer. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Oral Microbiology, Oral Biology We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kurniawati A, Setyaningsih S and Penga YM. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362027 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-362027 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Hamzah Z. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362025 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-362025 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 24 Jan 2025 Zahreni Hamzah , Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362025 I have seen the revisions made, ... Continue reading READ ALL I have seen the revisions made, and I fully approve for indexing. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Hamzah Z. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362025 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-362025 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 20 Sep 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kurniawati A, Penga YM and Setyaningsih S. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350940 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350940 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 23 Jan 2025 Atik Kurniawati , Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Yohana Maria Penga , Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Sari Setyaningsih , Biomedicine, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350940 The urgency of this study is not yet clear. It is not mentioned that Veillonella sp. as a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria is mainly found in the gingival crevicular and tongue, which cannot use carbohydrates as an energy source. Instead, Veillonella ... Continue reading READ ALL The urgency of this study is not yet clear. It is not mentioned that Veillonella sp. as a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria is mainly found in the gingival crevicular and tongue, which cannot use carbohydrates as an energy source. Instead, Veillonella sp. oxidizes lactic acid, which is the final metabolic product of bacteria that metabolize carbohydrates (including S. mutans), as a result the pathogenic potential of these bacteria in caries is reduced. So by manipulating part of this ecosystem, the pathogenic potential of bacteria is reduced or perhaps eliminated. Methods : Did it include exclusion criteria such as: 1) review article, 2) non-human study? It is necessary to add a table of Conclusions on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonellae sp. on caries, as positive or negative categories It is necessary to discuss, from most of the reference results, whether they show the interaction of S. mutans and Veillonell sp. on caries as positive or negative. It is also necessary to explain the limitations of this review. Cannot yet answer/conclude whether the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonellae sp on dental caries progression has a positive or negative impact Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Partly If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Oral Microbiology, Oral Biology We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however we have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kurniawati A, Penga YM and Setyaningsih S. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350940 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350940 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Fidya F. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350938 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350938 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 08 Jan 2025 Fidya Fidya , Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350938 This study uses a systematic review to investigate the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development. The result revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonellae spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonellae spp. can affect the acid ... Continue reading READ ALL This study uses a systematic review to investigate the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development. The result revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonellae spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonellae spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutan , potentially influencing its cariogenic potential. This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses provided to allow replication by others. This review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonellae spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonellae spp. can modulate the acid production and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process. The conclusion supports the result presented in the review. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Oral Biology, Anatomy, Histology, Cell biology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Fidya F. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350938 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350938 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 13 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi , Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia 13 Jan 2025 Author Response Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. Competing Interests: None Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 13 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi , Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia 13 Jan 2025 Author Response Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. Competing Interests: None Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Hamzah Z and Rahayu YC. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r342753 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-342753 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 30 Dec 2024 Zahreni Hamzah , Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Yani Corvianindya Rahayu , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r342753 This article is very good and interesting for fellow dentists to know. Based on the literature used, it is proven that S. Mutans and Veillonella spp. have an interrelated role with each other in maintaining homeostasis in cases of dental ... Continue reading READ ALL This article is very good and interesting for fellow dentists to know. Based on the literature used, it is proven that S. Mutans and Veillonella spp. have an interrelated role with each other in maintaining homeostasis in cases of dental caries. This article is very worthy for indexing. However, I as the reviewer stated that this article only needs a little improvement. The revisions that need to be made are as follows: 1. There needs to be consistency in writing S. Mutans, for example: the writing of S. Mutans is written as S. Mutams. 2. There needs to be consistency in the writing of Veillonella, it should be written “Veillonella spp. Please check in this article. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Biomedical Oralmaxillofacial Pathology, Oral Biology, Gerodontology We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however we have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Hamzah Z and Rahayu YC. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r342753 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-342753 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 23 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi , Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia 23 Jan 2025 Author Response The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and ... Continue reading The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and have responded to them as outlined below: We have conducted a thorough review of the manuscript and rectified all inconsistencies in the writing of S. mutans. All instances now uniformly adhere to the correct format. S. mutans. Consistency in Writing Veillonella spp.: We have maintained uniformity in the representation of Veillonella spp. throughout the manuscript. All inconsistencies have been addressed. We anticipate that these revisions will fulfill your expectations and improve the manuscript's quality. I appreciate your insightful comments and suggestions. The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and have responded to them as outlined below: We have conducted a thorough review of the manuscript and rectified all inconsistencies in the writing of S. mutans. All instances now uniformly adhere to the correct format. S. mutans. Consistency in Writing Veillonella spp.: We have maintained uniformity in the representation of Veillonella spp. throughout the manuscript. All inconsistencies have been addressed. We anticipate that these revisions will fulfill your expectations and improve the manuscript's quality. I appreciate your insightful comments and suggestions. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 23 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi , Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia 23 Jan 2025 Author Response The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and ... Continue reading The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and have responded to them as outlined below: We have conducted a thorough review of the manuscript and rectified all inconsistencies in the writing of S. mutans. All instances now uniformly adhere to the correct format. S. mutans. Consistency in Writing Veillonella spp.: We have maintained uniformity in the representation of Veillonella spp. throughout the manuscript. All inconsistencies have been addressed. We anticipate that these revisions will fulfill your expectations and improve the manuscript's quality. I appreciate your insightful comments and suggestions. The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and have responded to them as outlined below: We have conducted a thorough review of the manuscript and rectified all inconsistencies in the writing of S. mutans. All instances now uniformly adhere to the correct format. S. mutans. Consistency in Writing Veillonella spp.: We have maintained uniformity in the representation of Veillonella spp. throughout the manuscript. All inconsistencies have been addressed. We anticipate that these revisions will fulfill your expectations and improve the manuscript's quality. I appreciate your insightful comments and suggestions. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Zhang Y. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350944 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350944 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 28 Dec 2024 Yifei Zhang , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China Not Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350944 The main defect of this review is that the author only included clinical research literature and can only draw relevant conclusions, but could not draw causal conclusions, which need robust experimental data. Besides, there are some misunderstandings ... Continue reading READ ALL The main defect of this review is that the author only included clinical research literature and can only draw relevant conclusions, but could not draw causal conclusions, which need robust experimental data. Besides, there are some misunderstandings about basic concepts, which may affect the quality of the article. For example: “ The main oral bacteria are gram-positive and gram-negative, followed by aerobic and anaerobic ” Gram-stain reflects the cell wall structure, while aerobic/anaerobic reflects the growth characteristics. Polymicrobial community in oral biofilms include Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonellae, Neisseria, and Eubacterium.5 This biofilm can thrive in homeostasis with a human host but is also the cause of the two most common human diseases, dental caries and periodontitis Those bacteria are not the main members that causing periodontitis. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a normal flora in the oral cavity, including gram-positive facultative anaerobes. S. mutans is a species. In certain circumstances, these bacteria can turn into pathogens due to predisposing factors, namely oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is a predisposing factor? What does it mean? Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? No If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Oral microbiology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Zhang Y. Reviewer Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350944 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350944 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 13 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi , Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia 13 Jan 2025 Author Response We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal ... Continue reading We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal conclusions. The reliance on clinical research literature presents limitations that restrict the capacity to draw causal conclusions. The manuscript explicitly outlines this limitation. The revised text includes a discussion highlighting the necessity of robust experimental data to support causal inference. Misinterpretation of Fundamental Principles: Gram stain and growth characteristics: Thank you for highlighting the inaccuracies in the phrasing related to gram-positive/negative and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria. The statement has been revised to clarify that gram-stain indicates cell wall structure, whereas aerobic/anaerobic pertains to growth characteristics. The revised text states: "Oral bacteria encompass both gram-positive and gram-negative species exhibiting varied growth characteristics, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms." The composition of the polymicrobial community in oral biofilms and its association with periodontitis has been clarified, and we acknowledge this correction. The text has been revised to accurately state: "The polymicrobial community in oral biofilms, comprising Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Eubacterium, exists in homeostasis with the human host." Specific bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, exhibit a strong association with periodontitis. Clarification regarding Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans): The characterization of S. mutans as "normal flora" has been refined to prevent misconceptions. The updated text specifies that S. mutans is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe typically located in the oral cavity. Under specific conditions, including inadequate oral hygiene, S. mutans may play a role in the formation of dental caries. Oral hygiene as a predisposing factor. The statement "oral hygiene is a predisposing factor" is indeed ambiguous and necessitates further clarification. The updated text clarifies: "Inadequate oral hygiene fosters conditions that promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis." The revisions aim to address the raised concerns and enhance the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal conclusions. The reliance on clinical research literature presents limitations that restrict the capacity to draw causal conclusions. The manuscript explicitly outlines this limitation. The revised text includes a discussion highlighting the necessity of robust experimental data to support causal inference. Misinterpretation of Fundamental Principles: Gram stain and growth characteristics: Thank you for highlighting the inaccuracies in the phrasing related to gram-positive/negative and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria. The statement has been revised to clarify that gram-stain indicates cell wall structure, whereas aerobic/anaerobic pertains to growth characteristics. The revised text states: "Oral bacteria encompass both gram-positive and gram-negative species exhibiting varied growth characteristics, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms." The composition of the polymicrobial community in oral biofilms and its association with periodontitis has been clarified, and we acknowledge this correction. The text has been revised to accurately state: "The polymicrobial community in oral biofilms, comprising Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Eubacterium, exists in homeostasis with the human host." Specific bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, exhibit a strong association with periodontitis. Clarification regarding Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans): The characterization of S. mutans as "normal flora" has been refined to prevent misconceptions. The updated text specifies that S. mutans is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe typically located in the oral cavity. Under specific conditions, including inadequate oral hygiene, S. mutans may play a role in the formation of dental caries. Oral hygiene as a predisposing factor. The statement "oral hygiene is a predisposing factor" is indeed ambiguous and necessitates further clarification. The updated text clarifies: "Inadequate oral hygiene fosters conditions that promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis." The revisions aim to address the raised concerns and enhance the clarity and quality of the manuscript. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 13 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi , Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia 13 Jan 2025 Author Response We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal ... Continue reading We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal conclusions. The reliance on clinical research literature presents limitations that restrict the capacity to draw causal conclusions. The manuscript explicitly outlines this limitation. The revised text includes a discussion highlighting the necessity of robust experimental data to support causal inference. Misinterpretation of Fundamental Principles: Gram stain and growth characteristics: Thank you for highlighting the inaccuracies in the phrasing related to gram-positive/negative and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria. The statement has been revised to clarify that gram-stain indicates cell wall structure, whereas aerobic/anaerobic pertains to growth characteristics. The revised text states: "Oral bacteria encompass both gram-positive and gram-negative species exhibiting varied growth characteristics, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms." The composition of the polymicrobial community in oral biofilms and its association with periodontitis has been clarified, and we acknowledge this correction. The text has been revised to accurately state: "The polymicrobial community in oral biofilms, comprising Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Eubacterium, exists in homeostasis with the human host." Specific bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, exhibit a strong association with periodontitis. Clarification regarding Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans): The characterization of S. mutans as "normal flora" has been refined to prevent misconceptions. The updated text specifies that S. mutans is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe typically located in the oral cavity. Under specific conditions, including inadequate oral hygiene, S. mutans may play a role in the formation of dental caries. Oral hygiene as a predisposing factor. The statement "oral hygiene is a predisposing factor" is indeed ambiguous and necessitates further clarification. The updated text clarifies: "Inadequate oral hygiene fosters conditions that promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis." The revisions aim to address the raised concerns and enhance the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal conclusions. The reliance on clinical research literature presents limitations that restrict the capacity to draw causal conclusions. The manuscript explicitly outlines this limitation. The revised text includes a discussion highlighting the necessity of robust experimental data to support causal inference. Misinterpretation of Fundamental Principles: Gram stain and growth characteristics: Thank you for highlighting the inaccuracies in the phrasing related to gram-positive/negative and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria. The statement has been revised to clarify that gram-stain indicates cell wall structure, whereas aerobic/anaerobic pertains to growth characteristics. The revised text states: "Oral bacteria encompass both gram-positive and gram-negative species exhibiting varied growth characteristics, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms." The composition of the polymicrobial community in oral biofilms and its association with periodontitis has been clarified, and we acknowledge this correction. The text has been revised to accurately state: "The polymicrobial community in oral biofilms, comprising Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Eubacterium, exists in homeostasis with the human host." Specific bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, exhibit a strong association with periodontitis. Clarification regarding Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans): The characterization of S. mutans as "normal flora" has been refined to prevent misconceptions. The updated text specifies that S. mutans is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe typically located in the oral cavity. Under specific conditions, including inadequate oral hygiene, S. mutans may play a role in the formation of dental caries. Oral hygiene as a predisposing factor. The statement "oral hygiene is a predisposing factor" is indeed ambiguous and necessitates further clarification. The updated text clarifies: "Inadequate oral hygiene fosters conditions that promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis." The revisions aim to address the raised concerns and enhance the clarity and quality of the manuscript. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 20 Sep 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 4 5 Version 2 (revision) 23 Jan 25 read read read Version 1 20 Sep 24 read read read read Yifei Zhang , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China Zahreni Hamzah , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Yani Corvianindya Rahayu , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Fidya Fidya , Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Atik Kurniawati , Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Sari Setyaningsih , Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Yohana Maria Penga , Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Tri Purnami Dewi , Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Denpasar, Indonesia Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Purnami Dewi T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 07 Feb 2025 | for Version 2 Tri Purnami Dewi , Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Purnami Dewi T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Your Report 1. In the "introduction" section, there is the word (microenvironment) in Parenthesis, does it indicate additional information?. In the sentence "Dental caries and plaque are among the most common diseases worldwide and are caused by a mixture of microorganisms and food": there are several perceptions, whether plaque is also the most common disease, or the cause of dental caries consisting of a mixture of microorganisms 2. For the "discussion" and "conclusion" sections, it would be better to be more organized/sequential in explaining "the relationship" which causes "the interaction" between the two species. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Purnami Dewi T. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r365051) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-365051 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kurniawati A et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 30 Jan 2025 | for Version 2 Atik Kurniawati , Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Sari Setyaningsih , Biomedicine, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Yohana Maria Penga , Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kurniawati A et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions We have no further comments on the manuscript. The author has revised it as suggested by the reviewer. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Oral Microbiology, Oral Biology We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Kurniawati A, Setyaningsih S and Penga YM. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362027) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-362027 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hamzah Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 24 Jan 2025 | for Version 2 Zahreni Hamzah , Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hamzah Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I have seen the revisions made, and I fully approve for indexing. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Hamzah Z. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176959.r362025) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v2#referee-response-362025 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kurniawati A et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 23 Jan 2025 | for Version 1 Atik Kurniawati , Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Yohana Maria Penga , Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Sari Setyaningsih , Biomedicine, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kurniawati A et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The urgency of this study is not yet clear. It is not mentioned that Veillonella sp. as a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria is mainly found in the gingival crevicular and tongue, which cannot use carbohydrates as an energy source. Instead, Veillonella sp. oxidizes lactic acid, which is the final metabolic product of bacteria that metabolize carbohydrates (including S. mutans), as a result the pathogenic potential of these bacteria in caries is reduced. So by manipulating part of this ecosystem, the pathogenic potential of bacteria is reduced or perhaps eliminated. Methods : Did it include exclusion criteria such as: 1) review article, 2) non-human study? It is necessary to add a table of Conclusions on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonellae sp. on caries, as positive or negative categories It is necessary to discuss, from most of the reference results, whether they show the interaction of S. mutans and Veillonell sp. on caries as positive or negative. It is also necessary to explain the limitations of this review. Cannot yet answer/conclude whether the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonellae sp on dental caries progression has a positive or negative impact Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Partly If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Oral Microbiology, Oral Biology We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however we have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Kurniawati A, Penga YM and Setyaningsih S. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350940) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350940 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Fidya F. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 08 Jan 2025 | for Version 1 Fidya Fidya , Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Fidya F. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This study uses a systematic review to investigate the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. on caries development. The result revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonellae spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonellae spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutan , potentially influencing its cariogenic potential. This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses provided to allow replication by others. This review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonellae spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonellae spp. can modulate the acid production and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process. The conclusion supports the result presented in the review. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Oral Biology, Anatomy, Histology, Cell biology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 13 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi, Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia Thank you for the review and acknowledgement. View more View less Competing Interests None reply Respond Report a concern Fidya F. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350938) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350938 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hamzah Z et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 30 Dec 2024 | for Version 1 Zahreni Hamzah , Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Yani Corvianindya Rahayu , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hamzah Z et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This article is very good and interesting for fellow dentists to know. Based on the literature used, it is proven that S. Mutans and Veillonella spp. have an interrelated role with each other in maintaining homeostasis in cases of dental caries. This article is very worthy for indexing. However, I as the reviewer stated that this article only needs a little improvement. The revisions that need to be made are as follows: 1. There needs to be consistency in writing S. Mutans, for example: the writing of S. Mutans is written as S. Mutams. 2. There needs to be consistency in the writing of Veillonella, it should be written “Veillonella spp. Please check in this article. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Biomedical Oralmaxillofacial Pathology, Oral Biology, Gerodontology We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however we have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 23 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi, Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia The authors express gratitude to the reviewer for the favorable feedback and for emphasizing the significance of this study for the dental community. We acknowledge the recommendations for enhancement and have responded to them as outlined below: We have conducted a thorough review of the manuscript and rectified all inconsistencies in the writing of S. mutans. All instances now uniformly adhere to the correct format. S. mutans. Consistency in Writing Veillonella spp.: We have maintained uniformity in the representation of Veillonella spp. throughout the manuscript. All inconsistencies have been addressed. We anticipate that these revisions will fulfill your expectations and improve the manuscript's quality. I appreciate your insightful comments and suggestions. View more View less Competing Interests None reply Respond Report a concern Hamzah Z and Rahayu YC. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r342753) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-342753 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Zhang Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 28 Dec 2024 | for Version 1 Yifei Zhang , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China 0 Views copyright © 2024 Zhang Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The main defect of this review is that the author only included clinical research literature and can only draw relevant conclusions, but could not draw causal conclusions, which need robust experimental data. Besides, there are some misunderstandings about basic concepts, which may affect the quality of the article. For example: “ The main oral bacteria are gram-positive and gram-negative, followed by aerobic and anaerobic ” Gram-stain reflects the cell wall structure, while aerobic/anaerobic reflects the growth characteristics. Polymicrobial community in oral biofilms include Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonellae, Neisseria, and Eubacterium.5 This biofilm can thrive in homeostasis with a human host but is also the cause of the two most common human diseases, dental caries and periodontitis Those bacteria are not the main members that causing periodontitis. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a normal flora in the oral cavity, including gram-positive facultative anaerobes. S. mutans is a species. In certain circumstances, these bacteria can turn into pathogens due to predisposing factors, namely oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is a predisposing factor? What does it mean? Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? No If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Oral microbiology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 13 Jan 2025 Hendrik Setia Budi, Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia We appreciate the reviewer's insightful comments and constructive feedback. We will now address the specific concerns raised. The incorporation of clinical research literature and the constraints in establishing causal conclusions. The reliance on clinical research literature presents limitations that restrict the capacity to draw causal conclusions. The manuscript explicitly outlines this limitation. The revised text includes a discussion highlighting the necessity of robust experimental data to support causal inference. Misinterpretation of Fundamental Principles: Gram stain and growth characteristics: Thank you for highlighting the inaccuracies in the phrasing related to gram-positive/negative and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria. The statement has been revised to clarify that gram-stain indicates cell wall structure, whereas aerobic/anaerobic pertains to growth characteristics. The revised text states: "Oral bacteria encompass both gram-positive and gram-negative species exhibiting varied growth characteristics, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms." The composition of the polymicrobial community in oral biofilms and its association with periodontitis has been clarified, and we acknowledge this correction. The text has been revised to accurately state: "The polymicrobial community in oral biofilms, comprising Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Eubacterium, exists in homeostasis with the human host." Specific bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, exhibit a strong association with periodontitis. Clarification regarding Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans): The characterization of S. mutans as "normal flora" has been refined to prevent misconceptions. The updated text specifies that S. mutans is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe typically located in the oral cavity. Under specific conditions, including inadequate oral hygiene, S. mutans may play a role in the formation of dental caries. Oral hygiene as a predisposing factor. The statement "oral hygiene is a predisposing factor" is indeed ambiguous and necessitates further clarification. The updated text clarifies: "Inadequate oral hygiene fosters conditions that promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis." The revisions aim to address the raised concerns and enhance the clarity and quality of the manuscript. View more View less Competing Interests None reply Respond Report a concern Zhang Y. Peer Review Report For: A systematic review of Streptococcus Mutans and Veillonellae species interactions in dental caries progression: Positive or Negative impact? [version 2; peer review: 4 approved, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1080 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171233.r350944) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1080/v1#referee-response-350944 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. 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