Embodiment Design of a Novel Multi-Speed Bicycle Rear Transmission Hub with a Permanent Magnet-Assisted Gear Shifting Mechanism

Embodiment Design of a Novel Multi-Speed Bicycle Rear Transmission Hub with a Permanent Magnet-Assisted Gear Shifting Mechanism | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Embodiment Design of a Novel Multi-Speed Bicycle Rear Transmission Hub with a Permanent Magnet-Assisted Gear Shifting Mechanism Feng-Ming Ou, Yi-Chang Wu, Jin-Yi Feng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7965990/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents a systematic design approach for a multi-speed bicycle rear transmission hub, which consists of a gear speed-changing mechanism and a rotary-type gear-shifting mechanism to improve reliability and optimize space utilization. The design process encompasses structural synthesis, gear stage arrangement, gear teeth synthesis, and clutch configuration, ensuring optimal power transmission and seamless gear shifting. A 9-speed rear transmission hub is used as an example to illustrate the design process. A compound planetary gear train with a new permanent magnet-assisted gear-shifting mechanism was presented to provide nine forward gears, including four underdrive gears, a direct drive gear and four overdrive gears. The proposed design was verified through computer simulations, confirming its functional feasibility and mechanical integrity. The results indicate that the system effectively meets performance specifications while addressing limitations associated with traditional spring-based gear shifting mechanisms. This study contributes to the advancement of multi-speed transmission hubs, providing a structured framework for next-generation bicycle transmission systems. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Embodiment design Rear transmission hub Bicycle Gear-shifting mechanism Planetary gear train Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 31 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 30 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7965990","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":541375496,"identity":"a21d1f51-6527-4927-be79-0d348db1278c","order_by":0,"name":"Feng-Ming Ou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feng-Ming","middleName":"","lastName":"Ou","suffix":""},{"id":541375497,"identity":"a0c844b1-9281-406b-8f63-eab711daee9f","order_by":1,"name":"Yi-Chang 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