Attitude towards Safe Abortion and Associated Factors among Health Care Professionals at the Public Health Facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021

Attitude towards Safe Abortion and Associated Factors among Health Care Professionals at the Public Health Facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Attitude towards Safe Abortion and Associated Factors among Health Care Professionals at the Public Health Facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021 Abebay Tadie, Aemtsehay Mekonen, Melash Belachew, Wondu Feyisa, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2305231/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Negative attitude towards abortion among health care professionals providing abortion services could be an obstacle even under a law, which permits abortion on request. Health care providers are expected to perform and be change agents of abortion services. However, little information is known about the attitude towards safe abortion among health care providers in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to assess attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 1–30/2021 among 416 health care providers. The data were collected by computer-based generated simple random sampling technique, entered, coded, and cleaned using Epi data version 4.2 and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 25.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Frequency tables, figures, and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables. Results In this study, 70.2% [95% CI: 65.6–74.6] of health care professionals had favorable attitude towards safe abortion. The age group of 25–29, 30–34, and ≥ 35 years [AOR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.03–10.85], [AOR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.33–15.83] and [AOR = 5.30, 95% CI = 1.43–19.66] respectively, male health care providers [AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.55–6.60], midwives [AOR = 6.50, 95% CI = 2.40-17.44], working at hospital [AOR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.53–14.91], trained on abortion [AOR = 5.09, 95% CI = 2.29–11.32], practicing of an abortion procedure [AOR = 2.52, 95%, CI = 1.13–5.60], knowledge on safe abortion [AOR = 7.35, 95% CI = 3.23–16.71], awareness on revised abortion law [AOR = 6.44, 95% CI = 3.15–13.17] and need further legalization of abortion law [AOR = 11.78, 95% CI = 5.52–24.26] were associated with favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Conclusion In the present study, health care providers who had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion were relatively high compared to the previous studies. Age, sex, profession, working place, training, knowledge, and practice-related factors were associated with a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Thus, health institutions considered a need for sensitization for health professionals about safe abortion to improve and sustain a positive attitude. Obstetrics & Gynecology Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Preventive Medicine Psychology Abortion law attitude Bahir Dar city health care provider safe abortion Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Background Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of the fetus or embryo from the uterus before viability [ 1 – 3 ]. An abortion can be spontaneous abortion or induced [ 4 ], and induced abortion is further classified into, safe or unsafe, legal or illegal, surgical or medical [ 5 ]. Unsafe abortion is described by World Health Organization(WHO) as a procedure for ending an unintended pregnancy, either by people without the requisite expertise or in a setting that does not comply with minimum medical requirements, or both [ 6 , 7 ]. Globally, unsafe abortions account for over 47,000 maternal deaths per year (13% of total maternal mortality) and contribute to significant morbidity among women, especially in low-income countries [ 8 , 9 ]. Sub-Saharan African countries account for 86% of the world's illegal abortion [ 6 , 10 ]. In Ethiopia, 38% of illegal abortions take place every year [ 11 , 12 ]. In 2005, Ethiopia approved a liberalized abortion law [ 13 ], and this law allowed women to procure safe and legal abortion under certain conditions; these conditions included the following: if the pregnancy was due to abuse, if there was physical or mental disability, if it put women at risk of physical health or life, or if the woman was younger than 18 years of age and unprepared to give birth [ 14 ]. To reduce unsafe abortion and its harmful complications article 551 of the penal code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia allows termination of pregnancy under some conditions [ 15 ]. In June 2014, the Federal Ministry of Health also revised the technical and procedural guidelines for safe abortion facilities to assess the standard of care and also permits the first-trimester pregnancy-safe abortion care can be given at the health center level as part of task sharing and task-shifting [ 16 ]. In the provision of abortion services, health care providers have an important role. However, the lack of health care providers in low-income countries is still critical and compounded by some health care providers' refusal to provide abortion services and this is again exacerbated by religious and cultural factors [ 17 , 18 ]. Safe abortion is an important component of reproductive health care, providing a variety of medical and related health services, including therapy, contraception, and, where necessary, referrals to other reproductive health services [ 19 ]. Health care providers' attitudes have potential consequences for women already with scarce access to safe abortion services [ 20 ]. Health care providers are responsible for the provision of comprehensive abortion care services and are authorized to perform abortion procedures on women whose medical conditions warrant the immediate termination of pregnancy [ 21 ]. Health care providers play a key role in the identification, treatment of complications, and minimizing the burden of induced abortion. However, the attitude of healthcare providers is one of the key obstacles preventing women from obtaining safe abortion services [ 22 ]. A study in southern Uganda shows that positive attitudes and behavior of healthcare professionals regarding safe abortion is contributing factors both for themselves and for the community [ 23 ]. Another study conducted in Nigeria shows nurses' attitudes are crucial in gaining and promoting patients' uptake of care and help to improve women's confidence [ 24 ]. Providers with negative attitudes towards safe abortion may cause women with unplanned pregnancies to endanger their lives and pursue illegal abortions by untrained health workers [ 25 , 26 ]. According to the study conducted in different parts of Ethiopia, the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion ranged from 48.1–95% [ 27 , 28 ]. Different factors affect the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion like age, religion, work experience, profession, awareness of the revised abortion law, knowledge of abortion, having training on abortion, practicing of abortion, availability of service in the health facility and working facility [ 23 , 27 – 31 ]. In general, healthcare providers' attitudes play a key role in the care and prevention of unsafe abortion and treatment of abortion-related complications [ 32 ]. However, there is little information on attitude and its associated factors of safe abortion among health care providers in our country and study area. Objectives To determine the attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. To identify factors associated with attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Study design and period A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March, 1-30/2021 at the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city. Study area The study was conducted in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city. Bahir Dar City is the capital city of the Amhara Region. The city is located approximately 565km northwest of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. The city has a total population of 518,193 of which 265,156 are females [3]. In the city, there are 3 public hospitals and six public health centers, 4 private general hospitals, 34 private medium clinics, 6 private lower clinics, and 3 Nongovernmental Organization clinics. All the public health facilities provide comprehensive abortion care services and the service are free for all women. There are 1757 health professionals in the three public hospitals and six health centers of the city. Of these, 973 were female health workers. Source population All health care providers who were working at the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city. Study population All randomly selected health care providers who are working at the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city during the data collection period. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Health professionals who are working in clinical departments such as general nurses, midwives, health officers, integrated emergency surgery officers, General practitioners, and specialists who were present during data collection time were included, while health care providers like pharmacy, medical laboratory, radiology, environmental health, and free service health care providers were excluded. Sample size determination The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula by considering the following assumptions: the proportion of health care providers who had a good attitude towards safe abortion taken from the previous study 56.7% [33], Zα/2 = critical value for normal distribution at 95% confidence level, which is equal to 1.96 (Z value of alpha =0.05) or 5% level of significance (α=0.05) and a 5% margin of error (ω =0.05). The sample size was adjusted by adding a 10% non-response rate and the final sample size was 416 health care providers. Sampling procedure and technique All public health facilities of Bahir Dar city are included in this study. The total sample size was proportionally allocated for each public health facility of the city based on their total number of health care providers. Before data collection, the census was conducted to identify health care providers in each public health facility. After the census, the total number of health care providers in the public health facility of the city was 1,757. The numbers of health care providers in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (n=847), Tibebe Gion specialized hospital (n=576), Addisalem Primary Hospital (n=154), and the six public health centers, including Bahir Dar health center, Han health center, Dagimawi Minilik health center, Shimbit health center, Shumoabo health center and Abaymado health center (n=181). The total sample size was proportionally allocated for each health facility, based on their population size, by using the following formula; The total sample size after proportional allocation was 201 for Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 136 for Tibebe Gion specialized hospital, 36 for Addisalem Primary Hospital, and 43 for the six public health centers of the city. The study participants were selected by a computer-based generated simple random sampling technique. Dependent variable The attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion (favorable/ unfavorable). Independent variables: includes s ocio-demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, and religion), health facility-related factor (type of health facilities, profession, work experience, and work unit), knowledge of safe abortion and awareness of the revised law, and practice-related factors (having training and practicing abortion procedure) Operational definitions Attitude towards safe abortion: refer to the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion and assessed using 20 questions by assigning +1 for strongly disagree, +2 for disagree, +3 for neutral, +4 for agree, and +5 for strongly agree. Health care provider was considered to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion if he/she correctly answered greater than or equal to the mean score of the total attitude towards safe abortion assessing questions and those who scored less than the mean score were considered as having an unfavorable attitude towards safe abortion. [33]. Knowledge: refers to the knowledge of health care providers about abortion and it has been assessed using 48 composite variables by assigning +1 for a correct answer and 0 for an incorrect answer. Health care provider was considered to have good knowledge of abortion if he/she correctly answered greater than or equal to the mean score of the total knowledge of abortion assessing questions and those who scored less than the mean score were considered as having poor knowledge of abortion [34]. Further revision of abortion law: legalization of abortion which is open or unrestricted law as compared to the current law [33]. Awareness: refers to the awareness of the revised abortion law of the country and it has been assessed using 5 composite variables by assigning +1 for a correct answer and 0 for an incorrect answer. Health care provider was considered to have a good awareness of the revised abortion law if he/she correctly answered greater than or equal to the mean score of the total awareness of the revised abortion law assessing questions and those who scored less than the mean score were considered as having of poor awareness of the revised abortion law of the country. Health care provider: A health care provider is an individual health professional licensed to provide services to the patient which includes midwives, nurses, health officers, general practitioners, integrated emergency surgery officers, and specialists [27, 35]. Data collection tools and procedures A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data which were adapted from relevant works of literature and modified to the local context [23, 27, 29, 33]. The questionnaires were prepared in the English language. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, source of information-related factors, health facility-related factors, attitude, knowledge, and practice-related factors questions. A Pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection purposes. The data were collected by six diploma midwives and supervised by two BSc midwives. Data quality control Data were collected by trained data collectors and pretesting of the instrument was done before the actual data collection. The questionnaire was pre-tested before the actual data collection period on 21 health care providers, or (5%) of the sample size at Dangila primary hospital, to assess the reliability, clarity, sequence, consistency, understandability, and the total time it takes to finish the questionnaire. Data collectors and supervisors were trained for two days by the investigator. After necessary modifications and correction was done to standardize and ensure its reliability and validity additional adjustments were made based on the results of the pre-test. The completeness of the data was checked by data collectors during data collection and daily supervision was done for data completeness by supervisors. Data Processing, analysis, and interpretation The data were entered into Epi data 4.2, edited and cleaned for inconsistencies, missing values, and outliers, then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. During analysis, all explanatory variables which have a significant association in bivariate analysis with a P-value <0.25 was entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to get AOR, and those variables with 95% of CI and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant with a favorable attitude of health care provider. The multicollinearity test was done using the variance inflation factor and there was no collinearity between the independent variables. The model goodness of the test was checked by using Hosmer- Lemeshow goodness of the fit and its P-value was 0.215. Frequency tables, figures, and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables. Results Socio-demographic characteristics of health care providers A total of 413 health care providers participated in the study with a response rate of 99.3%. The mean age of the health care provider was 30.28 years. Of the total health care providers, 221 (53.5%) are female and 201 (48.7%) of the participants were nurses. Nearly half (n = 204, 49.4%) of the health care providers had 6–10 years of work experience (Table 1 ). Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n = 413). Variables N o . (%) Age in years 20–24 35 (8.5) 25–29 158 (38.3) 30–34 138 (33.4) 35–39 48 (11.6) ≥ 40 34 (8.2) Sex of health care providers Female 221 (53.5) Male 192 (46.5) Religion Orthodox 343 (83.1) Muslim 41 (9.9) Protestant 23 (5.6) Catholic 6 (1.4) Marital status Married 281 (68.0) Single 126 (30.5) Others* 6 (1.5) Profession Nurse 201 (48.7) Midwives 111 (26.9) Health officer 28 (6.7) General practitioner 52 (12.6) Specialists 19 (4.6) Integrated emergency surgery officer 2 (0.5) Working facility Health center 42 (10.2) Hospital 371 (89.8) Working unit Maternal and Child Heath 106 (25.7) Outpatient department 95 (23.0) Medical ward 54 (13.1) Surgical ward 32 (7.7) Pediatric ward 26 (6.3) Gynecology ward 45 (10.9) Others** 55 (13.3) Work experience Less than 1 year 14 (3.4) 1–5 years 119 (28.8) 6–10 years 204 (49.4) More than ten years 76 (18.4) *Widowed and divorced, **Emergency, Neonatal intensive care unit, Recovery, and Operation room Knowledge Of Health Care Providers On Safe Abortion In this study, 354 (85.7%) of the health care provider had good knowledge of abortion and 380 (92.0%) of the participants knew the definition of abortion in the Ethiopian context. Nearly 79% responded that safe abortion is the termination of pregnancy before 12 weeks of gestational age and 365 (88.4%) responded that raped women should submit evidence of rape. About 95.0% of the participants responded that medical abortion is one of the abortion methods and 306 (74.1%) responded that equipped health facilities with trained staff are authorized to perform the procedure were the place for terminating a pregnancy as permitted by the revised abortion law of Ethiopia. More than three fourth of the health care provider responded that manual vacuum evacuation, medication abortion, dilatation and evacuation, and 2nd -trimester abortion procedures have to be performed by a specialist. In our study, 376 (91.0%) of the participants responded that referral arrangement for social support and care is an integral part of overall abortion care and nearly 80.0% answered that health centers expected to give 1st -trimester safe abortion services. Over 92.0% of the participants responded that midwives can provide education on the legal provision of safe abortion services (Table 2 ). Table 2 Knowledge measuring question on safe abortion among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n = 413). Variables N o . (%) Abortion in Ethiopia's context Before 20 weeks of gestational age 33 (8.0) Before 28 weeks of gestational age 380 (92.0) Best time for safe termination of pregnancy After 12 weeks of gestational age 87 (21.1) Before 12 weeks of gestational age 326 (78.9) Raped women should submit evidence of rape Yes 365 (88.4) No 46 (11.6) Women who become pregnant by incest should submit evidence Yes 282 (68.3) No 131 (31.7) The health care provider has to be secure on informed consent using a standard consent form Yes 331 (80.1) No 82 (19.9) The health care provider has to be confidential not to be disclose the information Yes 324 (78.5) No 89 (21.5) Abortion should be performed in equipped health facilities with trained staff that are authorized to perform the procedure Yes 306 (74.1) No 107 (25.9) Types of abortion methods Manual vacuum aspiration 304 (73.6) Medical abortion 392 (94.9) Dilatation and evacuation 153 (37.0) Oxytocin induction 206 (49.9) Components of safe abortion care Counseling 324 (78.5) Provider partnership 148 (35.8) Treatment of complications of unsafe abortion 361 (87.4) Contraceptive and family planning service provision 289 (70.0) Integration into reproductive health and other services 154 (37.3) Manual vacuum aspiration performed by Specialist 374 (90.6) Integrated emergency surgery officer 371 (85.5) General practitioner 353 (87.4) Health officer 269 (65.1) Midwives 319 (77.2) Nurses 251 (60.8) Medication abortion performed by Specialist 380 (92.0) Integrated emergency surgery officer 271 (65.6) General practitioner 281 (68.1) Health Officer 148 (35.8) Midwives 254 (61.5) Nurses 144 (34.9) Dilatation and evacuation performed by Specialist 361 (87.4) Integrated emergency surgery officer 186 (45.0) General practitioner 53 (12.8) Health Officer 30 (7.3) Midwives 39 (9.4) Nurses 29 (7.0) 2nd -trimester abortion procedures performed by Specialist 362 (87.7) Integrated emergency surgery officer 329 (79.7) General practitioner 326 (78.9) Health Officer 211 (51.1) Midwives 271 (65.6) Nurses 146 (35.4) The referral is an integral part of overall abortion care No 37 (9.0) Yes 376 (91.0) Health centers expected to give 1st -trimester safe abortion No 84 (20.3) Yes 329 (79.7) Education on laws of abortion should be given by Specialists 361 (87.4) Integrated emergency surgery officer 372 (90.1) General practitioner 353 (85.5) Health Officer 332 (86.0) Midwives 355 (92.3) Nurses 266 (64.4) Knowledge of abortion Good knowledge 354 (85.7) Poor knowledge 59 (14.3) Awareness Of Health Care Providers On The Revised Abortion Law Of Ethiopia Regarding the revised abortion law of the country, 355 (86.0%) of the health care providers responded that rape is one of the revised laws, and overall, 301 (72.9%) had a good awareness of the revised abortion law of the country (Fig. 1 ). The Practice Of Safe Abortion Procedure Less than half, 173 (41.9%) of the health care providers had trained on abortion, and 145 (35.1%) practiced abortion procedures. Among health care providers who have practiced abortion procedures 78 (53.8%) were currently performing the safe abortion procedure and 115 (79%) performed manual vacuum aspiration (Table 3 ). Table 3 Practice of safe abortion procedure among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n = 413). Variables N o . (%) Trained on safe abortion No 240 (58.1) Yes 173 (41.9) Ever practiced a safe abortion procedure No 268 (64.9) Yes 145 (35.1) If you are practicing, when did you perform (n = 145) I am currently working 78 (53.8) In the last six month 22 (15.2) In the last two years 22 (15.2) More than two years 23 (15.9) Types of procedure performed (n = 145) Manual vacuum aspiration 115 (79.3) Medication abortion 110 (75.9) Oxytocin induction 41 (28.3) Dilatation and Evacuation 28 (19.3) Reasons For Not Practicing Safe Abortion Procedures Among health care providers who have not performed the abortion procedure, lack of training on abortion technique was responded by 233 (86.9%) of participants as a major reason for not practicing abortion procedure and followed by personal reason 98 (36.6%) (Fig. 2 ). The Attitude Of Health Care Providers Towards Safe Abortion Overall, in this study, 290 (70.2%) of the health care provider had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Nearly 33.0% of the health care providers agreed that working in a facility/unit where termination of pregnancy is performed gives comfort. About, 185 (44.8%), 181 (43.8%), 219 (53.0%), 166 (40.2%), 149 (36.1%), and 202 (48.9%) of the health care providers strongly agreed that safe abortion should be performed for raped women, pregnancy because of incest, if the pregnancy endangers the health or life of the woman, women with mental disabilities, age under 18 years and in cases of fatal congenital anomaly respectively. From the total health care provider, 152 (36.8%) agreed that abortion services should be accessible under any circumstance and 159 (38.5%) agreed that abortion should be legalized further. Of the health care providers 159 (38.5%) agreed that all health care providers should be able to provide medical abortion for first-trimester pregnancy and 148 (35.8%) disagreed for all health providers should be able to provide surgical abortion for first-trimester pregnancy (Table 4 ). Table 4 Attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion in public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n = 413). Variables Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Having inadequate knowledge of abortion makes the women abort 38.3% 36.3% 4.1% 14.3% 7.0% The economical constraint is one of the reasons making that women abort 41.9% 40.7% 4.6% 10.4% 2.4% Women used abortion as a contraceptive method 30.5% 29.8% 9.9% 16.2% 13.6% Women abort the fetus to avoid unwanted pregnancy 41.6% 40.0% 5.6% 10.2% 2.7% Women seek abortion services for health reasons 38.3% 37.5% 5.1% 14.0% 5.1% Women abort the fetus because of partner pressure 32.2% 32.9% 9.2% 17.2% 8.5% Not being married is a reason for an abortion 34.1% 34.1% 8.7% 15.7% 7.3% Working in abortion unit gives comfort 28.6% 32.7% 14.5% 18.6% 5.6% Abortion should be performed for raped women 44.8% 39.7% 2.7% 6.3% 6.5% Abortion should be performed for women who become pregnant because of incest 43.8% 38.5% 5.1% 7.0% 5.6% Abortion should be performed if the pregnancy endangers the health of the woman 53.0% 38.7% 3.9% 3.4% 1.0% Abortion should be performed for women with mental disabilities 40.2% 37.8% 6.3% 9.0% 6.8% Abortion should be performed if she seeks and her age is under 18 years 36.1% 34.4% 7.3% 10.9% 11.4% Abortion should be performed if the fetus has a congenital anomaly 48.9% 42.4% 3.6% 4.1% 1.0% Abortion service should be accessible under any circumstance 16.2% 36.8% 10.7% 26.4% 9.9% Legal/safe abortion should be legalized further 17.2% 38.5% 8.7% 25.7% 9.9% Abortion should be legal for unplanned pregnancy 7.0% 35.6% 13.1% 31.7% 12.6% Performing medical abortion give comfortable than surgical abortion 11.4% 49.4% 12.1% 18.9% 8.2% Medical abortion during 1st trimester of pregnancy should be performed by all health care provider 14.5% 38.5% 5.8% 32.2% 9.0% A surgical abortion in 1st trimester of pregnancy should be performed by all health care providers 1.0% 26.2% 2.4% 35.8% 34.6% Attitude towards safe abortion Favorable attitude 290 (70.20) Unfavorable attitude 123 (29.80) Reason For The Need For Further Legalization Of Abortion Law In the present study, 230 (55.7%) health care providers need further legalization of the country abortion law and among them, 210 (91.3%) responded abortion is the major women's health problem in the country as their main reason (Fig. 3 ). Reason For No Need For Further Legalization Of Abortion Law About one-third (n = 147, 35.6%) of the health care providers said that no need for further legalization of the country abortion law, and their main reason was it may encourage pre/extramarital sex 118 (80.30%), and increase the numbers of unwanted pregnancy 109 (74.2%) (Fig. 4 ). Factors Associated With The Attitude Of Health Care Providers Towards Safe Abortion In bivariate analysis: age, sex, profession, working facility, work experience, working unit, training on abortion, practicing of an abortion procedure, awareness of revised abortion law of the country, need for further legalization of the country abortion law, and knowledge of abortion were significantly associated with the favorable attitude of the health care providers towards safe abortion at a P-value of < 0.25. In a multivariable analysis health care providers who are found in the age group of 25–29, 30–34, and greater than or equal to 35 years [AOR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.03–10.85], 4.58 [AOR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.33–15.83], and 5.30 [AOR = 5.30, 95% CI = 1.43–19.66] respectively, male health care providers [AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.55–6.60], midwives health professionals [AOR = 6.50, 95% CI = 2.40-17.44], trained health care providers on abortion [AOR = 5.09, 95% CI = 2.29–11.32], practicing abortion procedures [AOR = 2.52, 95%, CI = 1.13–5.60], health care provider who is working at a hospital [AOR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.53–14.91], having good knowledge of abortion [AOR = 7.35, 95% CI = 3.23–16.71], having a good awareness of the revised abortion law of the country [AOR = 6.44, 95% CI = 3.15–13.17] and need further legalization of abortion law [AOR = 11.78, 95% CI = 5.52–24.26] were significantly associated with a favorable attitude of the health care providers towards safe abortion at a P-value of less than 0.05 (Table 5 ). Table 5 Logistic regression analysis for the attitude towards safe abortion among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n = 413). Variables Attitude towards safe abortion COR (95%-CI) AOR (95%-CI) P-value Favorable Unfavorable Age in years 20–24 9 26 1 1 25–29 107 51 6.06 (2.65–13.87) 3.34 (1.03–10.85) 0.045* 30–34 110 28 11.35 (4.78–26.93) 4.58 (1.33–15.83) 0.016* ≥ 35 64 18 10.27 (4.09–25.80) 5.30 (1.43–19.66) 0.013* Sex Female 135 86 1 1 Male 155 37 2.67 (1.70–4.18) 3.20 (1.55–6.60) 0.002* Profession Nurse 118 83 1 1 Midwives 99 12 5.80 (2.99–11.25) 6.47 (2.40-17.44) 0.001* Health officer 14 14 0.70 (0.32–1.55) 0.57 (0.17–1.99) 0.381 GP/Specialist/IESO 59 14 2.96 (1.55–5.66) 1.60 (0.60–4.25) 0.345 Working unit Outpatient department 46 49 1 1 Medical ward 37 17 2.32 (1.15–6.67) 2.33 (0.80-.6.79) 0.122 Surgical ward 24 8 3.20 (1.31–7.83) 2.55 (0.60-10.79) 0.202 Pediatrics ward 20 6 3.55 (1.31–9.62) 3.24 (0.74–14.23) 0.199 Maternal and child health 92 14 7.00 (3.51–13.98) 3.28 (0.72–14.98) 0.125 Gynecology ward 38 77 5.78 (2.35–14.24) 3.78 (0.96–14.85) 0.570 Others** 33 22 1.60 (0.82–3.13) 2.31 (0.74–7.19) 0.150 Work experience Less than 1 year 8 6 1 1 1–5 years 74 45 1.23 (0.40–3.79) 2.04 (0.32–12.93) 0.451 6–10 years 149 55 2.03 (0.67–6.12) 1.49 (0.25–8.77) 0.662 More than 10 years 59 17 2.60 (0.79–8.54) 1.23 (0.18–8.28) 0.829 Working facility Health center 19 23 1 1 Hospital 271 100 3.28 (1.71–6.28) 4.77 (1.53–14.91) 0.007* Trained on abortion No 136 104 1 1 Yes 154 19 6.20 (3.61–10.64) 5.09 (2.29–11.32) 0.001* Practiced abortion procedure No 169 99 1 1 Yes 121 24 2.95 (1.79–4.89) 2.52 (1.13–5.60) 0.042* Awareness of revised law Poor awareness 42 70 1 1 Good awareness 248 53 7.80 (4.81–12.66) 6.44 (3.15–13.17) 0.001* Need further legalization of abortion law No 87 96 1 1 Yes 203 27 8.30 (5.05–13.62) 11.78 (5.72–24.26) 0.001* Knowledge of abortion Poor knowledge 19 40 1 1 Good knowledge 271 83 6.87 (3.78–12.51) 7.35 (3.23–16.71) 0.001* *Significant at a P-value of < 0.05, **Neonatal intensive care unit, Emergency, Operation room, and Recovery unit Discussion The current study shows that 70.2% [95% CI: 65.6–74.6] of the health care providers had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. The favorable attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion is higher than the studies conducted in East Gojjam (56.7%) [ 33 ], Addis Ababa health centers (54.1%) [ 36 ], Addis Ababa health facilities (51.8%) [ 20 ], and Adama health facilities (48.1%) [ 27 ]. The possible reasons for the better attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion in this study might be due to the time gap of the year of the studies. Similarly, it is also higher than studies conducted in Zambia (21.4%) [ 30 ], Uganda 48% [ 23 ], Jamaica (64%) [ 37 ], Bengal, India (61.9%) [ 38 ], India (40%) [ 39 ] and Iran 13.1% [ 40 ]. The possible reason might be the difference in the place of residence and the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population. However, the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion is lower than a study conducted in Mekelle shows that 95% of respondents have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion [ 41 ]. The possible reason for this discrepancy might be the working area of the health care providers. The study done in Mekelle included only health care providers who are working in the hospital, while our study includes health care providers who are working in hospitals and health centers. As seen in our study, among health care providers who are working in the hospital, 73% have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion and only 45.0% of the health care providers working in health canter had a favorable attitude. In this study, socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice-related factors were significantly associated with a favorable attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion. Health care providers who are found in the age group of 25–29, 30–34, and greater than or equal to 35 years were 3.34, 4.58, and 5.30 times more likely to have favorable attitudes towards safe abortion respectively. This finding is in line with studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia [ 27 , 33 ]. This finding of this study is also supported by studies conducted in Nigeria and Ghana [ 42 ], Zimbabwe, Uganda, Zambia, and Chile [ 23 , 29 , 30 , 43 ]. The possible reason might be those who are found in the age group above 25 years may have more work experience and this could increase their chance of developing a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. There is a supporting report from studies conducted in Mekelle, Asella, and Uganda, which show that health care providers who had more experience in work had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion [ 23 , 41 , 44 ]. Male health care providers were 3.20 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. This study finding is in line with studies conducted in Addis Ababa health centers and Chile [ 36 , 43 ]. The possible reason might be, as we know female health care providers are also part of the general population and they may encounter abortion in their life. Because of this, they may have more understanding of abortion and its complications than males, additionally, as a mother, they may want to continue the pregnancy rather than abort it. Thus, all this might make them have a less favorable attitude towards abortion than male health care providers. On the other hand, the finding of this study disagrees with the studies conducted in South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia showing that female health care providers had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion [ 23 , 30 , 45 ]. The reason might be value clarification and sensitization among female health care providers. Midwives were 6.49 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. This finding agreed with another study [ 36 ]. This may be due to midwives' daily activity being with the maternal side, which may help them to have a better understanding related to abortion. Workings in the hospital were increasing the odds of having a favorable attitude toward safe abortion by 4.77 times. This finding is in line with a study conducted in east Gojjam [ 33 ]. The possible reason for this might be health care providers who are working in hospitals could have a high chance of getting adequate and functional equipment for abortion procedures relative to those who are working in health centers. There is a supporting report from studies conducted in Adama and Mekelle shows that the presence of adequate and functional equipment in the facility is positively associated with the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion [ 27 , 41 ]. Having trained on abortion was increasing the odds of having a favorable attitude towards safe abortion by 5.09 times. This finding is congruent with another study [ 33 ]. The possible reason might be that trained personnel may be more aware of the benefit and revised legal abortion laws of the country than those who are not trained. As well as, because of having the training they are maybe certified and value verified, thus may increase their chance of having a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Practicing abortion procedures was increasing the odds of having a favorable attitude towards safe abortion 2.52 times. This finding was supported by another study [ 20 ]. The possible reason for this might be that health care providers who practiced/performed abortion procedures may have a high chance of getting information about abortion and it may make them have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Health care providers who had a good awareness of the revised abortion law of Ethiopia were 6.44 times more likely to have a favorable attitude toward safe abortion. This finding is supported by a study conducted in Addis Ababa that shows that providers who know the law governing abortion were more likely to have a favorable attitude than those who lack this knowledge [ 20 ]. Those who need further legalization of abortion law were 11.78 times more likely to have a favorable attitude. It is consistent with studies conducted in East Gojjam and Adama [ 27 , 33 ]. The reason may be those health care providers who know the present revised abortion law have a positive outcome and because of this, they may want to have an additional law that will strengthen the present law. Health care providers who had good knowledge of safe abortion were 7.35 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. This finding is consistent with studies conducted in East Gojjam [ 33 ], Asella [ 44 ], South Africa [ 46 ], and Nepal [ 47 ]. The possible reason might be those health care providers who had good knowledge of abortion, might know the benefits of performing safe abortion procedures for the health of the women as well as for the general population. Limitations Of The Study The limitation of this study was the exclusion of private clinic health care providers. Conclusion And Recommendation In our study, health care providers who had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion were higher compared to the majority of the studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia. Age greater than 25 years, male sex, midwives profession, working at the hospital, having abortion training, practicing abortion procedure, having a good awareness of the revised abortion law of the country, need of further legalization of the country abortion law and having good knowledge of abortion were predictors of favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Access to training and further opportunities for health care providers to attend onsite values clarification workshops and safe abortion training needs to be encouraged and strengthened. It is better to consider the need for sensitization for health care professionals about safe abortion and to create a safe/comfortable environment to perform the safe abortion. In general attitude, transformation is a key intervention to help improve the attitude of health care providers, especially those working in reproductive healthcare points including termination of pregnancy when medically indicated. Abbreviations AOR Adjusted Odd Ratio CI Confidence Interval COR Crude Odd Ratio WHO World Health Organization Declarations Ethical Approval and consent to participate Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Bahir Dar University, College of medicine and health sciences. Further approval was also granted from Amhara public health institutions and respective health facilities. The purpose of the study was explained to each health care provider. At the time of data collection, written consent was obtained from each study participant. All respondents were assured that the data would not have any negative consequences on any aspect of their life. Consent for publication Not applicable Conflicts of Interest The author declares that they have no conflict of interest regarding this work or the publication of this paper. Authors’ Contribution AT, AM, and MB were responsible for the conception of the research idea, study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, and supervision. AT, WF, FA, AT, and AA participated in the data collection, entry, analysis, and manuscript write-up. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgments Firstly, we would like to thank Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies for logistic support for the study. Secondly, we would like to also thank the regional health bureau and other health facilities for their cooperation to give different reports regarding the number of health care providers. Finally, we would like to acknowledge, the data collectors, supervisors, and study participants for their participation in this study. Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency. Data availability statement All related data have been presented within the manuscript. The data set supporting the conclusion of this article is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 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3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":13117,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eReason for the need for further legalization of the country abortion law among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n=230)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2305231/v1/930e7531b4f007ed078ed75c.png"},{"id":29738167,"identity":"ad24a0f3-a627-4747-9ac2-ac2d365a1313","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-11-30 19:34:25","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":10436,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eReason for no need for further legalization of the country abortion law among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, 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expulsion of the fetus or embryo from the uterus before viability [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. An abortion can be spontaneous abortion or induced [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e], and induced abortion is further classified into, safe or unsafe, legal or illegal, surgical or medical [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Unsafe abortion is described by World Health Organization(WHO) as a procedure for ending an unintended pregnancy, either by people without the requisite expertise or in a setting that does not comply with minimum medical requirements, or both [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobally, unsafe abortions account for over 47,000 maternal deaths per year (13% of total maternal mortality) and contribute to significant morbidity among women, especially in low-income countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Sub-Saharan African countries account for 86% of the world's illegal abortion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. In Ethiopia, 38% of illegal abortions take place every year [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. In 2005, Ethiopia approved a liberalized abortion law [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], and this law allowed women to procure safe and legal abortion under certain conditions; these conditions included the following: if the pregnancy was due to abuse, if there was physical or mental disability, if it put women at risk of physical health or life, or if the woman was younger than 18 years of age and unprepared to give birth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo reduce unsafe abortion and its harmful complications article 551 of the penal code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia allows termination of pregnancy under some conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. In June 2014, the Federal Ministry of Health also revised the technical and procedural guidelines for safe abortion facilities to assess the standard of care and also permits the first-trimester pregnancy-safe abortion care can be given at the health center level as part of task sharing and task-shifting [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. In the provision of abortion services, health care providers have an important role. However, the lack of health care providers in low-income countries is still critical and compounded by some health care providers' refusal to provide abortion services and this is again exacerbated by religious and cultural factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafe abortion is an important component of reproductive health care, providing a variety of medical and related health services, including therapy, contraception, and, where necessary, referrals to other reproductive health services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Health care providers' attitudes have potential consequences for women already with scarce access to safe abortion services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Health care providers are responsible for the provision of comprehensive abortion care services and are authorized to perform abortion procedures on women whose medical conditions warrant the immediate termination of pregnancy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth care providers play a key role in the identification, treatment of complications, and minimizing the burden of induced abortion. However, the attitude of healthcare providers is one of the key obstacles preventing women from obtaining safe abortion services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. A study in southern Uganda shows that positive attitudes and behavior of healthcare professionals regarding safe abortion is contributing factors both for themselves and for the community [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Another study conducted in Nigeria shows nurses' attitudes are crucial in gaining and promoting patients' uptake of care and help to improve women's confidence [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Providers with negative attitudes towards safe abortion may cause women with unplanned pregnancies to endanger their lives and pursue illegal abortions by untrained health workers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the study conducted in different parts of Ethiopia, the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion ranged from 48.1\u0026ndash;95% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Different factors affect the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion like age, religion, work experience, profession, awareness of the revised abortion law, knowledge of abortion, having training on abortion, practicing of abortion, availability of service in the health facility and working facility [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR28 CR29 CR30\" citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. In general, healthcare providers' attitudes play a key role in the care and prevention of unsafe abortion and treatment of abortion-related complications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. However, there is little information on attitude and its associated factors of safe abortion among health care providers in our country and study area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eObjectives\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e To determine the attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e To identify factors associated with attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design and period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA health facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March, 1-30/2021 at the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy area\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in the\u0026nbsp;public health facilities\u0026nbsp;of Bahir Dar city. Bahir Dar City is the capital city of the Amhara Region. The city is located approximately 565km northwest of Addis Ababa,\u0026nbsp;the capital city of Ethiopia.\u0026nbsp;The city has a total population of 518,193 of which 265,156 are females\u0026nbsp;[3]. In the city, there are 3 public hospitals and six public health centers,\u0026nbsp;4 private general hospitals, 34 private medium clinics, 6 private lower clinics, and 3 Nongovernmental Organization clinics. All the public health facilities provide comprehensive abortion care services and the service are free for all women. There are 1757 health professionals in the three public hospitals and six health centers of the city. Of these, 973 were female health workers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll health care providers who were working at the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll randomly selected\u0026nbsp;health care providers who are working at the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city during the data collection period.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion and exclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealth professionals who are working in clinical departments such as general nurses, midwives, health officers, integrated emergency surgery officers, General practitioners, and specialists who were present during data collection time were included, while health care providers like pharmacy, medical laboratory, radiology, environmental health, and free service health care providers were excluded.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample size determination\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula by considering the following assumptions:\u0026nbsp;the proportion of health care providers who had a good attitude towards safe abortion taken from the previous study\u0026nbsp;56.7%\u0026nbsp;[33],\u0026nbsp;Z\u0026alpha;/2\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e= critical value for normal distribution at 95% confidence level, which is equal to 1.96 (Z value of alpha =0.05) or 5% level of significance (\u0026alpha;=0.05) and a 5% margin of error (\u0026omega;\u0026thinsp;=0.05). The sample size was adjusted by adding a 10% non-response rate and\u0026nbsp;the final sample size was 416 health care providers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSampling procedure and technique\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll public health facilities of Bahir Dar city are included in this study. The total sample size was proportionally allocated for each public health facility of the city based on their total number of health care providers. Before data collection, the census was conducted to identify health care providers in each public health facility. After the census, the total number of health care providers in the public health facility of the city was 1,757. The numbers of health care providers in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (n=847), Tibebe Gion specialized hospital (n=576), Addisalem Primary Hospital (n=154), and the six public health centers, including Bahir Dar health center, Han health center, Dagimawi Minilik health center, Shimbit health center, Shumoabo health center and Abaymado health center (n=181). The total sample size was proportionally allocated for each health facility, based on their population size, by using the following formula;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"530\" height=\"73\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total sample size after proportional allocation was 201 for\u0026nbsp;Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 136 for Tibebe Gion specialized hospital, 36 for\u0026nbsp;Addisalem Primary Hospital, and 43 for the six public health centers of the city.\u0026nbsp;The study participants were selected by a computer-based generated simple random sampling technique.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDependent variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion (favorable/ unfavorable).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndependent variables:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eincludes\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;s\u003c/strong\u003eocio-demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, and religion), health facility-related factor (type of health facilities, profession, work experience, and work unit), knowledge of safe abortion and awareness of the revised law, and practice-related factors (having training and practicing abortion procedure)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperational definitions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitude towards safe abortion:\u003c/strong\u003e refer to the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion and\u0026nbsp;assessed using 20 questions by assigning +1 for strongly disagree, +2 for disagree, +3 for neutral, +4 for agree, and +5 for strongly agree.\u0026nbsp;Health care provider was considered to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion if he/she correctly answered greater than or equal to the mean score of the total attitude towards safe abortion assessing questions and those who scored less than the mean score were considered as having an unfavorable attitude towards safe abortion. \u0026nbsp;[33].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003erefers to the knowledge of health care providers about\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eabortion and it has been assessed using 48\u0026nbsp;composite variables\u0026nbsp;by assigning +1 for a correct answer and 0 for an incorrect answer.\u0026nbsp;Health care provider\u0026nbsp;was considered to have good knowledge of abortion if he/she correctly answered greater than\u0026nbsp;or equal to the mean score of the\u0026nbsp;total knowledge of abortion assessing questions\u0026nbsp;and those who scored less than the mean score were considered as having poor knowledge of abortion\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e[34].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFurther revision of abortion law:\u003c/strong\u003e legalization of abortion which is open or unrestricted law as compared to the current law\u0026nbsp;[33].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAwareness:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003erefers to the awareness of the revised abortion law of the country and it has been\u0026nbsp;assessed using 5 composite variables by assigning +1 for a correct answer and 0 for an incorrect answer.\u0026nbsp;Health care provider was considered to have a good awareness of the revised abortion law if he/she correctly answered greater than or equal to the mean score of the total awareness of the revised abortion law assessing questions and those who scored less than the mean score were considered as having of poor awareness of the revised abortion law of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth care provider:\u003c/strong\u003e A health care provider is an individual health professional licensed to provide services to the patient which includes midwives, nurses, health officers, general practitioners, integrated emergency surgery officers, and specialists\u0026nbsp;[27, 35].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData collection tools and procedures\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA structured\u0026nbsp;self-administered questionnaire\u0026nbsp;was used to collect the data which were adapted from relevant works of literature and modified to the local context\u0026nbsp;[23, 27, 29, 33]. The questionnaires were prepared in the English language. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics,\u0026nbsp;source of information-related factors, health facility-related factors, attitude, knowledge, and practice-related factors questions.\u0026nbsp;A Pre-tested\u0026nbsp;structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection purposes. The data were collected by six diploma midwives and supervised by two BSc midwives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData quality control\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were collected by trained data collectors and pretesting of the instrument was done before the actual data collection.\u0026nbsp;The questionnaire was pre-tested before the actual data collection period on 21 health care providers, or (5%) of the sample size at Dangila primary hospital,\u0026nbsp;to assess the reliability, clarity, sequence, consistency, understandability, and the total time it takes to finish the questionnaire. Data collectors and supervisors were trained for two days by the investigator. After\u0026nbsp;necessary modifications and correction was done to standardize and ensure its reliability and validity\u0026nbsp;additional adjustments were made based on the results of the pre-test. The completeness of the data was checked by data collectors during data collection and\u0026nbsp;daily supervision was done for data completeness by supervisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Processing, analysis, and interpretation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data were entered into Epi data 4.2, edited and cleaned for inconsistencies, missing values, and outliers, then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. During analysis, all explanatory variables which have a significant association in bivariate analysis with a P-value \u0026lt;0.25 was entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to get AOR, and those variables with 95% of CI and a P-value of \u0026lt; 0.05 was considered as statistically significant with a favorable attitude of health care provider. The multicollinearity test was done using the variance inflation factor and there was no collinearity between the independent variables. The model goodness of the test was checked by using Hosmer- Lemeshow goodness of the fit and its P-value was 0.215. Frequency tables, figures, and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of health care providers\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 413 health care providers participated in the study with a response rate of 99.3%. The mean age of the health care provider was 30.28 years. Of the total health care providers, 221 (53.5%) are female and 201 (48.7%) of the participants were nurses. Nearly half (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;204, 49.4%) of the health care providers had 6\u0026ndash;10 years of work experience (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;413).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e. (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge in years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (8.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158 (38.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138 (33.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026ge;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (8.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex of health care providers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e221 (53.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e192 (46.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodox\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e343 (83.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtestant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (5.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatholic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (1.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e281 (68.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (30.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (1.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfession\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201 (48.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111 (26.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (6.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral practitioner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (12.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialists\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated emergency surgery officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking facility\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (10.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e371 (89.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal and Child Heath\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 (25.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutpatient department\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (23.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (13.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePediatric ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (6.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecology ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLess than 1 year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119 (28.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204 (49.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than ten years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (18.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e*Widowed and divorced, **Emergency, Neonatal intensive care unit, Recovery, and Operation room\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKnowledge Of Health Care Providers On Safe Abortion\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, 354 (85.7%) of the health care provider had good knowledge of abortion and 380 (92.0%) of the participants knew the definition of abortion in the Ethiopian context. Nearly 79% responded that safe abortion is the termination of pregnancy before 12 weeks of gestational age and 365 (88.4%) responded that raped women should submit evidence of rape. About 95.0% of the participants responded that medical abortion is one of the abortion methods and 306 (74.1%) responded that equipped health facilities with trained staff are authorized to perform the procedure were the place for terminating a pregnancy as permitted by the revised abortion law of Ethiopia. More than three fourth of the health care provider responded that manual vacuum evacuation, medication abortion, dilatation and evacuation, and 2nd -trimester abortion procedures have to be performed by a specialist. In our study, 376 (91.0%) of the participants responded that referral arrangement for social support and care is an integral part of overall abortion care and nearly 80.0% answered that health centers expected to give 1st -trimester safe abortion services. Over 92.0% of the participants responded that midwives can provide education on the legal provision of safe abortion services (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge measuring question on safe abortion among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;413).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e. (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion in Ethiopia's context\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore 20 weeks of gestational age\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (8.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore 28 weeks of gestational age\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380 (92.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBest time for safe termination of pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter 12 weeks of gestational age\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87 (21.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore 12 weeks of gestational age\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e326 (78.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRaped women should submit evidence of rape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e365 (88.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen who become pregnant by incest should submit evidence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e282 (68.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131 (31.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe health care provider has to be secure on informed consent using a standard consent form\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e331 (80.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (19.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe health care provider has to be confidential not to be disclose the information\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e324 (78.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 (21.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed in equipped health facilities with trained staff that are authorized to perform the procedure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e306 (74.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107 (25.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of abortion methods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManual vacuum aspiration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e304 (73.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e392 (94.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDilatation and evacuation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153 (37.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin induction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e206 (49.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of safe abortion care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCounseling\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e324 (78.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProvider partnership\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148 (35.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of complications of unsafe abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e361 (87.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContraceptive and family planning service provision\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e289 (70.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration into reproductive health and other services\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 (37.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManual vacuum aspiration performed by\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e374 (90.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated emergency surgery officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e371 (85.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral practitioner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e353 (87.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e269 (65.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e319 (77.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e251 (60.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedication abortion performed by\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380 (92.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated emergency surgery officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271 (65.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral practitioner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e281 (68.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148 (35.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e254 (61.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144 (34.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDilatation and evacuation performed by\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e361 (87.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated emergency surgery officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186 (45.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral practitioner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53 (12.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (7.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (9.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2nd -trimester abortion procedures performed by\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e362 (87.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated emergency surgery officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e329 (79.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral practitioner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e326 (78.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211 (51.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271 (65.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146 (35.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe referral is an integral part of overall abortion care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37 (9.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e376 (91.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth centers expected to give 1st -trimester safe abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (20.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e329 (79.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation on laws of abortion should be given by\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialists\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e361 (87.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated emergency surgery officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e372 (90.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral practitioner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e353 (85.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e332 (86.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e355 (92.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266 (64.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e354 (85.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoor knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAwareness Of Health Care Providers On The Revised Abortion Law Of Ethiopia\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the revised abortion law of the country, 355 (86.0%) of the health care providers responded that rape is one of the revised laws, and overall, 301 (72.9%) had a good awareness of the revised abortion law of the country (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eThe Practice Of Safe Abortion Procedure\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLess than half, 173 (41.9%) of the health care providers had trained on abortion, and 145 (35.1%) practiced abortion procedures. Among health care providers who have practiced abortion procedures 78 (53.8%) were currently performing the safe abortion procedure and 115 (79%) performed manual vacuum aspiration (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice of safe abortion procedure among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;413).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e. (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrained on safe abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e240 (58.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173 (41.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEver practiced a safe abortion procedure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e268 (64.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145 (35.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf you are practicing, when did you perform (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;145)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI am currently working\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the last six month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the last two years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than two years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (15.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of procedure performed (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;145)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManual vacuum aspiration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115 (79.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedication abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110 (75.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin induction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (28.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDilatation and Evacuation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (19.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReasons For Not Practicing Safe Abortion Procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong health care providers who have not performed the abortion procedure, lack of training on abortion technique was responded by 233 (86.9%) of participants as a major reason for not practicing abortion procedure and followed by personal reason 98 (36.6%) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eThe Attitude Of Health Care Providers Towards Safe Abortion\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, in this study, 290 (70.2%) of the health care provider had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Nearly 33.0% of the health care providers agreed that working in a facility/unit where termination of pregnancy is performed gives comfort. About, 185 (44.8%), 181 (43.8%), 219 (53.0%), 166 (40.2%), 149 (36.1%), and 202 (48.9%) of the health care providers strongly agreed that safe abortion should be performed for raped women, pregnancy because of incest, if the pregnancy endangers the health or life of the woman, women with mental disabilities, age under 18 years and in cases of fatal congenital anomaly respectively. From the total health care provider, 152 (36.8%) agreed that abortion services should be accessible under any circumstance and 159 (38.5%) agreed that abortion should be legalized further. Of the health care providers 159 (38.5%) agreed that all health care providers should be able to provide medical abortion for first-trimester pregnancy and 148 (35.8%) disagreed for all health providers should be able to provide surgical abortion for first-trimester pregnancy (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude of health care providers towards safe abortion in public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;413).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrongly agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrongly disagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaving inadequate knowledge of abortion makes the women abort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economical constraint is one of the reasons making that women abort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen used abortion as a contraceptive method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen abort the fetus to avoid unwanted pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen seek abortion services for health reasons\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen abort the fetus because of partner pressure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot being married is a reason for an abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking in abortion unit gives comfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed for raped women\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed for women who become pregnant because of incest\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed if the pregnancy endangers the health of the woman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed for women with mental disabilities\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed if she seeks and her age is under 18 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be performed if the fetus has a congenital anomaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion service should be accessible under any circumstance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegal/safe abortion should be legalized further\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbortion should be legal for unplanned pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerforming medical abortion give comfortable than surgical abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical abortion during 1st trimester of pregnancy should be performed by all health care provider\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA surgical abortion in 1st trimester of pregnancy should be performed by all health care providers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttitude towards safe abortion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFavorable attitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290 (70.20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnfavorable attitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123 (29.80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReason For The Need For Further Legalization Of Abortion Law\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the present study, 230 (55.7%) health care providers need further legalization of the country abortion law and among them, 210 (91.3%) responded abortion is the major women's health problem in the country as their main reason (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReason For No Need For Further Legalization Of Abortion Law\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout one-third (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;147, 35.6%) of the health care providers said that no need for further legalization of the country abortion law, and their main reason was it may encourage pre/extramarital sex 118 (80.30%), and increase the numbers of unwanted pregnancy 109 (74.2%) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFactors Associated With The Attitude Of Health Care Providers Towards Safe Abortion\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn bivariate analysis: age, sex, profession, working facility, work experience, working unit, training on abortion, practicing of an abortion procedure, awareness of revised abortion law of the country, need for further legalization of the country abortion law, and knowledge of abortion were significantly associated with the favorable attitude of the health care providers towards safe abortion at a P-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.25.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a multivariable analysis health care providers who are found in the age group of 25\u0026ndash;29, 30\u0026ndash;34, and greater than or equal to 35 years [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.34, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.03\u0026ndash;10.85], 4.58 [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.58, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.33\u0026ndash;15.83], and 5.30 [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.30, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.43\u0026ndash;19.66] respectively, male health care providers [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.20, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.55\u0026ndash;6.60], midwives health professionals [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.50, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.40-17.44], trained health care providers on abortion [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.09, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.29\u0026ndash;11.32], practicing abortion procedures [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.52, 95%, CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.13\u0026ndash;5.60], health care provider who is working at a hospital [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.77, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.53\u0026ndash;14.91], having good knowledge of abortion [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.35, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.23\u0026ndash;16.71], having a good awareness of the revised abortion law of the country [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.44, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.15\u0026ndash;13.17] and need further legalization of abortion law [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.78, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.52\u0026ndash;24.26] were significantly associated with a favorable attitude of the health care providers towards safe abortion at a P-value of less than 0.05 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression analysis for the attitude towards safe abortion among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, North-west, Ethiopia, 2021, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;413).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude towards safe abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOR (95%-CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR (95%-CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFavorable\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnfavorable\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge in years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.06 (2.65\u0026ndash;13.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.34 (1.03\u0026ndash;10.85)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.045*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.35 (4.78\u0026ndash;26.93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.58 (1.33\u0026ndash;15.83)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.016*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026ge;\u003c/span\u003e 35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.27 (4.09\u0026ndash;25.80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.30 (1.43\u0026ndash;19.66)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.013*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67 (1.70\u0026ndash;4.18)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.20 (1.55\u0026ndash;6.60)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfession\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.80 (2.99\u0026ndash;11.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.47 (2.40-17.44)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth officer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70 (0.32\u0026ndash;1.55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57 (0.17\u0026ndash;1.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.381\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGP/Specialist/IESO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.96 (1.55\u0026ndash;5.66)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60 (0.60\u0026ndash;4.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.345\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutpatient department\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.32 (1.15\u0026ndash;6.67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33 (0.80-.6.79)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20 (1.31\u0026ndash;7.83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.55 (0.60-10.79)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.202\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePediatrics ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.55 (1.31\u0026ndash;9.62)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24 (0.74\u0026ndash;14.23)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal and child health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.00 (3.51\u0026ndash;13.98)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28 (0.72\u0026ndash;14.98)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecology ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.78 (2.35\u0026ndash;14.24)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.78 (0.96\u0026ndash;14.85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.570\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60 (0.82\u0026ndash;3.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.31 (0.74\u0026ndash;7.19)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLess than 1 year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23 (0.40\u0026ndash;3.79)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.04 (0.32\u0026ndash;12.93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.03 (0.67\u0026ndash;6.12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.49 (0.25\u0026ndash;8.77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than 10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.60 (0.79\u0026ndash;8.54)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23 (0.18\u0026ndash;8.28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.829\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking facility\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28 (1.71\u0026ndash;6.28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.77 (1.53\u0026ndash;14.91)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.007*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrained on abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20 (3.61\u0026ndash;10.64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.09 (2.29\u0026ndash;11.32)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePracticed abortion procedure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.95 (1.79\u0026ndash;4.89)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.52 (1.13\u0026ndash;5.60)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.042*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAwareness of revised law\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoor awareness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood awareness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e248\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.80 (4.81\u0026ndash;12.66)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.44 (3.15\u0026ndash;13.17)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeed further legalization of abortion law\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.30 (5.05\u0026ndash;13.62)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.78 (5.72\u0026ndash;24.26)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of abortion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoor knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.87 (3.78\u0026ndash;12.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.35 (3.23\u0026ndash;16.71)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e*Significant at a P-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **Neonatal intensive care unit, Emergency, Operation room, and Recovery unit\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study shows that 70.2% [95% CI: 65.6\u0026ndash;74.6] of the health care providers had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. The favorable attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion is higher than the studies conducted in East Gojjam (56.7%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e], Addis Ababa health centers (54.1%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e], Addis Ababa health facilities (51.8%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e], and Adama health facilities (48.1%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reasons for the better attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion in this study might be due to the time gap of the year of the studies. Similarly, it is also higher than studies conducted in Zambia (21.4%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e], Uganda 48% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], Jamaica (64%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], Bengal, India (61.9%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e], India (40%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] and Iran 13.1% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason might be the difference in the place of residence and the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion is lower than a study conducted in Mekelle shows that 95% of respondents have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason for this discrepancy might be the working area of the health care providers. The study done in Mekelle included only health care providers who are working in the hospital, while our study includes health care providers who are working in hospitals and health centers. As seen in our study, among health care providers who are working in the hospital, 73% have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion and only 45.0% of the health care providers working in health canter had a favorable attitude.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice-related factors were significantly associated with a favorable attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth care providers who are found in the age group of 25\u0026ndash;29, 30\u0026ndash;34, and greater than or equal to 35 years were 3.34, 4.58, and 5.30 times more likely to have favorable attitudes towards safe abortion respectively. This finding is in line with studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. This finding of this study is also supported by studies conducted in Nigeria and Ghana [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e], Zimbabwe, Uganda, Zambia, and Chile [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason might be those who are found in the age group above 25 years may have more work experience and this could increase their chance of developing a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. There is a supporting report from studies conducted in Mekelle, Asella, and Uganda, which show that health care providers who had more experience in work had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale health care providers were 3.20 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. This study finding is in line with studies conducted in Addis Ababa health centers and Chile [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason might be, as we know female health care providers are also part of the general population and they may encounter abortion in their life. Because of this, they may have more understanding of abortion and its complications than males, additionally, as a mother, they may want to continue the pregnancy rather than abort it. Thus, all this might make them have a less favorable attitude towards abortion than male health care providers. On the other hand, the finding of this study disagrees with the studies conducted in South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia showing that female health care providers had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. The reason might be value clarification and sensitization among female health care providers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidwives were 6.49 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. This finding agreed with another study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. This may be due to midwives' daily activity being with the maternal side, which may help them to have a better understanding related to abortion. Workings in the hospital were increasing the odds of having a favorable attitude toward safe abortion by 4.77 times. This finding is in line with a study conducted in east Gojjam [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason for this might be health care providers who are working in hospitals could have a high chance of getting adequate and functional equipment for abortion procedures relative to those who are working in health centers. There is a supporting report from studies conducted in Adama and Mekelle shows that the presence of adequate and functional equipment in the facility is positively associated with the attitude of health care providers towards safe abortion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaving trained on abortion was increasing the odds of having a favorable attitude towards safe abortion by 5.09 times. This finding is congruent with another study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason might be that trained personnel may be more aware of the benefit and revised legal abortion laws of the country than those who are not trained. As well as, because of having the training they are maybe certified and value verified, thus may increase their chance of having a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Practicing abortion procedures was increasing the odds of having a favorable attitude towards safe abortion 2.52 times. This finding was supported by another study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason for this might be that health care providers who practiced/performed abortion procedures may have a high chance of getting information about abortion and it may make them have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth care providers who had a good awareness of the revised abortion law of Ethiopia were 6.44 times more likely to have a favorable attitude toward safe abortion. This finding is supported by a study conducted in Addis Ababa that shows that providers who know the law governing abortion were more likely to have a favorable attitude than those who lack this knowledge [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Those who need further legalization of abortion law were 11.78 times more likely to have a favorable attitude. It is consistent with studies conducted in East Gojjam and Adama [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The reason may be those health care providers who know the present revised abortion law have a positive outcome and because of this, they may want to have an additional law that will strengthen the present law.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth care providers who had good knowledge of safe abortion were 7.35 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. This finding is consistent with studies conducted in East Gojjam [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e], Asella [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e], South Africa [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e], and Nepal [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]. The possible reason might be those health care providers who had good knowledge of abortion, might know the benefits of performing safe abortion procedures for the health of the women as well as for the general population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLimitations Of The Study\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e The limitation of this study was the exclusion of private clinic health care providers.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion And Recommendation","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn our study, health care providers who had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion were higher compared to the majority of the studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia. Age greater than 25 years, male sex, midwives profession, working at the hospital, having abortion training, practicing abortion procedure, having a good awareness of the revised abortion law of the country, need of further legalization of the country abortion law and having good knowledge of abortion were predictors of favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Access to training and further opportunities for health care providers to attend onsite values clarification workshops and safe abortion training needs to be encouraged and strengthened. It is better to consider the need for sensitization for health care professionals about safe abortion and to create a safe/comfortable environment to perform the safe abortion. In general attitude, transformation is a key intervention to help improve the attitude of health care providers, especially those working in reproductive healthcare points including termination of pregnancy when medically indicated.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAOR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odd Ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfidence Interval\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCOR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude Odd Ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWHO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance was obtained from\u0026nbsp;the Institutional Review Board of Bahir Dar University, College of medicine and health sciences.\u0026nbsp;Further approval was also granted from Amhara public health institutions and respective health facilities.\u0026nbsp;The purpose of the study was explained to each health care provider.\u0026nbsp;At the time of data collection, written consent was obtained from each study participant. All respondents were assured that the data would not have any negative consequences on any aspect of their life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author declares that they have no conflict of interest regarding this work or the publication of this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; Contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAT, AM, and MB were responsible for the conception of the research idea, study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, and supervision. AT, WF, FA, AT, and AA participated in the data collection, entry, analysis, and manuscript write-up. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirstly, we would like to thank Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,\u0026nbsp;Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies\u0026nbsp;for logistic support for the study. Secondly,\u0026nbsp;we would like to also thank the regional health bureau and other health facilities for their cooperation to give different reports regarding the number of health care providers.\u0026nbsp;Finally, we would like to acknowledge, the data collectors, supervisors, and study participants for their participation in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll related data have been presented within the manuscript. The data set supporting the conclusion of this article is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u0026nbsp;Wondu Feyisa: (\u003ca href=\"mailto:[email protected]\"\[email protected]\u003c/a\u003e;\u0026nbsp;[email protected])\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eORCID iDs:\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-3363\"\u003ehttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-3363\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWilkins., L.W., The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics (4 ed.). Archived from the original on September 10, 2017, 2012(ISBN 9781451148015.): p. pp.\u0026nbsp;438\u0026ndash;439.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGanatra, B., et al., From concept to measurement: operationalizing WHO's the definition of unsafe abortion. 2014, SciELO Public Health.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbaba, A., Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia central statistical agency population projection of Ethiopia for all regions at Wereda level from 2014\u0026ndash;2017. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Agency, 2014.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDictionaries., A.n.O.L., The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018. [mass noun]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaul, M., et al., Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care. 2011: John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrganization, W.H., Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division. 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingh, S., et al., Abortion worldwide: a decade of uneven progress. 2009, Guttmacher Institute.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFREDRICK, B., et al., Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide. Commentary. Lancet (British edition), 2007. \u003cb\u003e370\u003c/b\u003e(9595).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdella, A., Maternal mortality trend in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2010. \u003cb\u003e24\u003c/b\u003e(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFawcus, S.R., Maternal mortality and unsafe abortion. Best practice \u0026amp; research Clinical obstetrics \u0026amp; gynecology, 2008. \u003cb\u003e22\u003c/b\u003e(3): p.\u0026nbsp;533\u0026ndash;548.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIpas, Facts about Abortion.. (2010).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesfaye, G., M.T. Hambisa, and A. Semahegn, Induced abortion and associated factors in health facilities of Guraghe zone, southern Ethiopia. Journal of pregnancy, 2014. \u003cb\u003e2014\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGebreselassie H, F.T., Singh S, Abdella A, Gebrehiwot Y, Tesfaye S, et al., Caring for women with abortion complications in Ethiopia: national estimates and future implications.. 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Ethiopia: Postnatal Care, 2003.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUlrika Rehnstr\u0026ouml;m Loi, K.G.-D., Elisabeth Faxelid, and Marie Klingberg-Allvin, Health care providers' perceptions of and attitudes towards induced abortions in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia: a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative data Rehnstr\u0026ouml;m Loi et al. BMC Public Health DOI \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1186/s12889-015-1502-2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12889-015-1502-2\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, (2015). \u003cb\u003e15\u003c/b\u003e:: p.\u0026nbsp;139\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHolcombe, S.J., A. Berhe, and A. Cherie, Personal beliefs and professional responsibilities: Ethiopian midwives' attitudes toward providing abortion services after a legal reform. 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Boonthai, Unsafe Abortion: an Inequity in Health Care, Thailand Perspective. Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS], 2017. \u003cb\u003e25\u003c/b\u003e(3): p.\u0026nbsp;287\u0026ndash;297.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePebalo, F.P., A.A. Grace, and O.J. Henry, Healthcare providers\u0026rsquo; practice and attitude towards abortion service provision in Gulu city, Northern Uganda. 2020.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLamina., M.A., Health care providers\u0026rsquo; attitudes towards termination of pregnancy: A qualitative study in Western Nigeria. (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.scirp.org/journal/ojog/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojog/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013, p.\u0026nbsp;400\u0026ndash;410.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChaturachinda, K., Unsafe abortion in Thailand: Roles of RTCOG. Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2014: p.\u0026nbsp;2\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePraditpan, P. and K. Chaturachinda, Doctors must heed abortion needs. Bangkok Post, 2016: p.\u0026nbsp;10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSintayehu, Y., B. Hordofa, and K. Shiferaw, Health care providers\u0026rsquo; perception and associated factors towards safe abortion in selected health facilities in Adama, Ethiopia. J Women's Health Care, 2018. \u003cb\u003e7\u003c/b\u003e(428): p.\u0026nbsp;2167\u0026ndash;0420.1000428.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTadesse, Z., et al., Assessment of Health Care Providers' Attitude and Associated Factors to Wards Safe Abortion at Public Hospitals, in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia; A Cross-Sectional Study. 2014.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMadziyire, M.G., et al., Knowledge and attitudes towards abortion from health care providers and abortion experts in Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 2019. \u003cb\u003e34\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMukanga, B., et al., knowledge, attitude and practice towards unsafe abortions among tertiary education female students in Kitwe, Zambia.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGizaw, G.D., Z.A. Alemu, and K.T. Kibret, Assessment of knowledge and practice of health workers towards tuberculosis infection control and associated factors in public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Archives of public health, 2015. \u003cb\u003e73\u003c/b\u003e(1): p.\u0026nbsp;1\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThomas G, G.T., Abeshu MA, Geleta B., Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding medication abortion among regular undergraduate female students in College of Social Sciences Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.. Adv Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf., 2016;. \u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e(\u003cb\u003e199\u003c/b\u003e):: p.\u0026nbsp;2167\u0026ndash;1052.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbebe., M., assessment of health care provides attitude and associated factors towards safe abortion care at public institutions in East Gojjam, Amhara, Ethiopia, cross-sectional studies, 2015.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMekonnen, B.D. and C.A. Wubneh, Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors towards Safe Abortion among Private College Female Students in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Advances in preventive medicine, 2020. \u003cb\u003e2020\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrganization., W.H., The prevention and management of unsafe abortion. Report of. Technical Working Group. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1992/ WHO_MSM_92.5.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1992/ WHO_MSM_92.5.pdf\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAssefa, E.M., Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of health providers towards safe abortion provision in Addis Ababa health centers. BMC Women's Health, 2019. \u003cb\u003e19\u003c/b\u003e: p.\u0026nbsp;NA.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMatthews, G., et al., Abortion attitudes, training, and experience among medical students in Jamaica, West Indies. Contraception and reproductive medicine, 2020. \u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e: p.\u0026nbsp;1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSoupik, P., Availability, utilization and health providers' attitudes towards safe abortion services in public health facilities of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. 2015, Sctimst.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSunita, C., attitudes of obstetrics \u0026amp; gynecology professionals towards the provision of medical termination of pregnancy and emergency contraception pill services in south Kerala, India. 2012, Sctimst.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRomina, S., et al., Relationship of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Legal Abortion Laws with the Performance of Midwives in Qazvin, Iran. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 2019. \u003cb\u003e6\u003c/b\u003e(2): p.\u0026nbsp;17\u0026ndash;23.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZaid Tadesse ABK, W.T.K.K.B., Assessment of Health Care Providers' Attitude and Associated Factors to Wards Safe Abortion at Public Hospitals, in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia; A Cross-Sectional Study.. Global Journal of Medical Research: Gynecology and Obstetrics., 2014;. \u003cb\u003e14\u003c/b\u003e: p. (3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDim., I.A.-A.a.E.E., Justification of Abortion in West Africa and Interplay of Sociodemographic Predictors: A Comparative Study of Ghana and Nigeria, SAGE Open, January-March 2019:: p.\u0026nbsp;1\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBiggs, M.A., et al., Future health providers' willingness to provide abortion services following decriminalization of abortion in Chile: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 2019. \u003cb\u003e9\u003c/b\u003e(10): p.\u0026nbsp;e030797.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKalayu I, e.a., Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Health Workers towards Safe Abortion Care Services at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Central Ethiopia.. Women's Health Sci J 2019, \u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e(\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e)(: 000125.).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHarries, J., et al., Conscientious objection and its impact on abortion service provision in South Africa: a qualitative study. Reproductive health, 2014. \u003cb\u003e11\u003c/b\u003e(1): p.\u0026nbsp;16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHarries, J., K. Stinson, and P. Orner, Health care providers' attitudes towards termination of pregnancy: A qualitative study in South Africa. BMC public health, 2009. \u003cb\u003e9\u003c/b\u003e(1): p.\u0026nbsp;1\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePuri, M., et al., \u0026ldquo;Sometimes they used to whisper in our ears\u0026rdquo;: health care workers\u0026rsquo; perceptions of the effects of abortion legalization in Nepal. BMC Public Health, 2012. \u003cb\u003e12\u003c/b\u003e(1): p.\u0026nbsp;1\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Abortion law, attitude, Bahir Dar city, health care provider, safe abortion","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2305231/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2305231/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative attitude towards abortion among health care professionals providing abortion services could be an obstacle even under a law, which permits abortion on request. Health care providers are expected to perform and be change agents of abortion services. However, little information is known about the attitude towards safe abortion among health care providers in Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e This study aimed to assess attitude towards safe abortion and associated factors among health care providers in the public health facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 1\u0026ndash;30/2021 among 416 health care providers. The data were collected by computer-based generated simple random sampling technique, entered, coded, and cleaned using Epi data version 4.2 and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 25.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Frequency tables, figures, and descriptive summaries were used to describe the study variables.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, 70.2% [95% CI: 65.6\u0026ndash;74.6] of health care professionals had favorable attitude towards safe abortion. The age group of 25\u0026ndash;29, 30\u0026ndash;34, and \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026ge;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;35 years [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.34, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.03\u0026ndash;10.85], [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.58, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.33\u0026ndash;15.83] and [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.30, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.43\u0026ndash;19.66] respectively, male health care providers [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.20, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.55\u0026ndash;6.60], midwives [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.50, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.40-17.44], working at hospital [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.77, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.53\u0026ndash;14.91], trained on abortion [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.09, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.29\u0026ndash;11.32], practicing of an abortion procedure [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.52, 95%, CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.13\u0026ndash;5.60], knowledge on safe abortion [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.35, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.23\u0026ndash;16.71], awareness on revised abortion law [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.44, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.15\u0026ndash;13.17] and need further legalization of abortion law [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.78, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.52\u0026ndash;24.26] were associated with favorable attitude towards safe abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the present study, health care providers who had a favorable attitude towards safe abortion were relatively high compared to the previous studies. Age, sex, profession, working place, training, knowledge, and practice-related factors were associated with a favorable attitude towards safe abortion. Thus, health institutions considered a need for sensitization for health professionals about safe abortion to improve and sustain a positive attitude.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Attitude towards Safe Abortion and Associated Factors among Health Care Professionals at the Public Health Facilities of Bahir Dar city, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-11-30 19:34:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2305231/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"68d4e765-d2e0-458f-aa4b-a6809191a5fd","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 30th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":17191161,"name":"Obstetrics \u0026 Gynecology"},{"id":17191162,"name":"Sexual \u0026 Reproductive Medicine"},{"id":17191163,"name":"Preventive Medicine"},{"id":17191164,"name":"Psychology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-11-30T19:34:20+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-11-30 19:34:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2305231","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2305231","identity":"rs-2305231","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"iFTdqyg4nuje_uAy1AHro","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}