Neuropsychological effects of the lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic on patients with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers

The profound changes in daily life caused by Covid-19 and the impact of these changes on emotional well-being have been particularly severe in elderly subjects, especially those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and their caregiver. Indeed, the risk of contracting the virus has led to greater prudence, with social isolation, decreased contact with relatives, and the interruption of numerous daily activities and hobbies useful for stimulating cognitive functions. Considering these changes, the present study aimed to investigate the cognitive, psychological, and behavioral effects of the Covid-19 lockdown in a population of elderly patients with a cognitive impairment through a semi-structured telephone interview with caregivers. We also evaluated the emotional experience and stress load perceived by caregivers. We found that patients had a worsened neuropsychological profile, mainly involving memory and language, and increased behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, such as agitation, depression, apathy, and anxiety, further reducing their autonomies. In addition, caregivers reported an increased perceived stress load. Nevertheless,some positive aspects were also identified, such as discovering unexpected coping abilities and improving the relationship between patient and caregiver.