IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF BCL-2 AND KI-67 BIOMARKERS IN SIMPLE ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN IRAQI FEMALE PATIENTS

Ahlam Shakir Hammood AL-Rubaiawi, Ali Hussein Mohammed Ali AL-Khafaji
In: Clinical and Preventive Medicine · 2026 · pp. 113–121 · doi:10.31612/2616-4868.1.2026.14 · W7139105635
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Abstract

Introduction. Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a hyperplastic change or pathologic condition in the glands of the endometrium and stromal structures that line the uterine cavity, and is most often caused by an increase in estrogen and a decrease in progesterone levels. The lining of the uterus continues to grow in response to increased estrogen. The cells of endometrium proliferate and may become abnormal. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate any potential connections between certain risk factors and EH (age, polycystic ovaries, and adenomyosis). Materials and methods. Biopsies were taken from the tissues of female patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Their ages ranged between 35 and 82 years. In this study, we analyzed, using immunohistochemistry, the following markers (Bcl-2 and Ki-67) in 60 selected cases. Results. The results showed that the expression of both Bcl-2 and Ki-67 was positive, as indicated by immunostaining. In female patients with endometrial hyperplasia, the tissue expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 markers was assessed. The results included the percentage of these immunohistochemical parameters in female patients with endometrial hyperplasia as well as the predictive significance of surface antigen expression. The results related to the influence of age reveal that the age stratum of less than 50 years was the most afflicted group with endometrial hyperplasia (26 cases, 43.33%) followed by the age stratum of 50-60 years (25 cases, 41.67%), then the age stratum of more than 60 years (9 cases, 15.00%). The age-related differences between the groups were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions. The most possible factors associated with endometrial hyperplasia are advanced age and other syndromes affecting women. Also, immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 helps in the diagnosis of simple endometrial hyperplasia, and the most widely used immunohistochemical markers for endometrial hyperplasia (EH) are Bcl-2 and Ki-67. The most common immunophenotype of endometrial hyperplasia is positivity for Bcl-2 and Ki-67, which represents a relatively specific staining pattern for EH.

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adenomyosis

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