Changing the Fate of Dystrophin-Deficient Myoblasts via Hetero Ligand Nanoclusters on Biomaterial Surface: Effects of Integrin-Syndecan or Dystroglycan Crosstalk

Engineering skeletal muscle tissue regeneration, particularly in dystrophin-deficient muscles is dependent on facilitating myogenesis and recovery of myotube structure and function, which can be challenging due to compromised cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. The current study explored the potential impact of enhancing dystrophin-associated protein complex and focal adhesion formation and the interaction with associated target receptors to improve cellular response in both normal and Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( Dmd ) mutant myoblasts. This was achieved by multivalent dual ligands functionalization of RAFT-synthesized copolymer with fibronectin- and laminin-derived adhesion peptides (RGD, AG73, and A2G80) and their clustering at the biointerface. Our findings demonstrated the synergistic effect of integrin-syndecan/dystroglycan engagement and their clustering on enhancing myoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, partially overcoming the deficits caused by loss of dystrophin. Furthermore, enhanced focal adhesion formation and elevated receptor localization, particularly dystroglycan, at the sarcolemma were associated with improved structural organization, mechanical stability, and neuromuscular connectivity of myotubes. These results suggest a novel insight into harnessing next-generation molecularly engineered biomaterials with robust interaction with cells’ mechanosensors for advancing skeletal muscle tissue engineering, offering potential applications in the regeneration of dystrophic muscle and the development of neuromuscular disease models for drug testing. Abstract Figure Graphical Abstract/ToC Current work developed molecularly engineered biomaterial surfaces with nanoscale clustering of integrin-, syndecan-, and/or dystroglycan-binding peptides for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. By controlling peptide distribution and type at the biointerface, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were modulated in dystrophin-deficient myoblasts. Accordingly, the results demonstrated significant improvement in myotube structural organization, mechanical stiffness, and their innervation in response to heteronanoclusters.