Application of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder can improve alfalfa growth and soil phosphorus content in calcareous soil

Application of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder can improve alfalfa growth and soil phosphorus content in calcareous soil | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Application of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder can improve alfalfa growth and soil phosphorus content in calcareous soil Haiyan LI, Yajuan Li, Yuchun Han, Lujie Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8027666/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) is a kind of leguminous forage with developed roots,which make it able to use insoluble phosphorus in soil. Phosphate rock powder is considered as insoluble phosphate fertilizer, and its fineness greatly influences the application effect. Two particle sizes of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder, PR5 (5 µm particle size) and PR10 (10 µm particle size), and ordinary phosphate rock powder, PR150 (150 µm particle size), were used as the phosphorus fertilizer to three alfalfa varieties, 'Gan nong No.9' (M1), 'Ju neng II' (M2), and 'Bara420YQ' (M3) alfalfa, to explore the nutrients effect of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder in calcareous soil. No phosphorus fertilizer (CK 1 ), water soluble phosphorus fertilizer calcium super phosphate (CK 2 ) were set as the control treatments. The growth traits in the second cut were all higher than in the first cut. Alfalfa plant height and above-ground biomass dry weight were the highest under PR5M1 treatment; the leaf numbers was the highest under PR5M2 treatment. Alfalfa crude protein content was highest under PR5M2 treatment in the first cut. PR5 treatments significantly increased soil available and active phosphorus content. Soil alkaline phosphate activity in all PR treatments was higher than CK 1 and CK 2 . The comprehensive effect of PR5 treatment was on the second place only after the CK 2 treatment according the gray correlation analysis. Ultra-fine phosphate rock powder PR5 performed good fertilizer effect on alfalfa. Provide a theoretical basis for the direct application of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder on calcareous soil. Biological sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Biological sciences/Plant sciences Ultra-fine phosphate rock powder Alfalfa Calcareous soil Growth characteristics Nutritional quality Soil phosphorus Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 10 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 06 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 04 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8027666","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":545020921,"identity":"7a8ced6d-123f-4dfd-8937-6d06b862a483","order_by":0,"name":"Haiyan LI","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gansu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haiyan","middleName":"","lastName":"LI","suffix":""},{"id":545020922,"identity":"ac07f3da-e408-4121-8ebd-2cf1bc235717","order_by":1,"name":"Yajuan 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soil","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ultra-fine phosphate rock powder, Alfalfa, Calcareous soil, Growth characteristics, Nutritional quality, Soil phosphorus","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8027666/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8027666/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAlfalfa (\u003cem\u003eMedicago sativa\u003c/em\u003e) is a kind of leguminous forage with developed roots,which make it able to use insoluble phosphorus in soil. Phosphate rock powder is considered as insoluble phosphate fertilizer, and its fineness greatly influences the application effect. Two particle sizes of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder, PR5 (5 \u0026micro;m particle size) and PR10 (10 \u0026micro;m particle size), and ordinary phosphate rock powder, PR150 (150 \u0026micro;m particle size), were used as the phosphorus fertilizer to three alfalfa varieties, 'Gan nong No.9' (M1), 'Ju neng II' (M2), and 'Bara420YQ' (M3) alfalfa, to explore the nutrients effect of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder in calcareous soil. No phosphorus fertilizer (CK\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e), water soluble phosphorus fertilizer calcium super phosphate (CK\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) were set as the control treatments. The growth traits in the second cut were all higher than in the first cut. Alfalfa plant height and above-ground biomass dry weight were the highest under PR5M1 treatment; the leaf numbers was the highest under PR5M2 treatment. Alfalfa crude protein content was highest under PR5M2 treatment in the first cut. PR5 treatments significantly increased soil available and active phosphorus content. Soil alkaline phosphate activity in all PR treatments was higher than CK\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and CK\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. The comprehensive effect of PR5 treatment was on the second place only after the CK\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e treatment according the gray correlation analysis. Ultra-fine phosphate rock powder PR5 performed good fertilizer effect on alfalfa. Provide a theoretical basis for the direct application of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder on calcareous soil.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Application of ultra-fine phosphate rock powder can improve alfalfa growth and soil phosphorus content in calcareous soil","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-21 06:30:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8027666/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-24T10:10:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-23T15:25:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"23894186327205975416063084216707170281","date":"2026-03-23T14:53:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-11T11:27:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"295814949466246107655884908197493154894","date":"2025-11-14T10:06:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T16:29:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T09:08:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-06T11:12:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-06T11:12:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-11-04T10:12:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8b924e26-f344-4470-840b-e9d2e065430f","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[{"id":57988425,"name":"Biological sciences/Ecology"},{"id":57988426,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology"},{"id":57988427,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":57988428,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-24T10:24:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-21 06:30:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8027666","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8027666","identity":"rs-8027666","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}