Characterization of chickpea genotypes for morpho-physiological and nutritional traits by SSR markers  

Characterization of chickpea genotypes for morpho-physiological and nutritional traits by SSR markers | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Characterization of chickpea genotypes for morpho-physiological and nutritional traits by SSR markers Mehak Sen, Radheshyam Kumawat, Sanjeev Kumar, Anil Kumar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9259537/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) is an important leguminous crop that is an important source of plant-based proteins. Twenty-five genotypes of chickpea were analyzed for genetic diversity using morpho-physiological, and nutritional by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. This investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics of SKUAST, Jammu during rabi 2024-25. The study was aimed to find out the correlation, path analyses, genetic diversity and characterization with SSRs. A total of twelve traits exhibited additive gene action while six traits exhibited non-additive gene action which indicates the use of direct phenotypic selection and selection in later generations, respectively. Seed yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant followed by biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and protein content. Path analysis revealed that the traits namely number of primary branches per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, proline content, biological yield per plant, harvest index,100 seed weight, relative water content, protein content, zinc content and phytic acid content showed positive direct effects on seed yield per plant. Analysis of D 2 statistics diversified the genotypes into 4 clusters on the basis of morpho-physiological and nutritional traits, respectively. Cluster-IV was found to have the maximum number of genotypes (9). The genotypes under study were also characterized for genetic diversity with 25 SSR markers. Among these markers, 6 were found polymorphic, with the PIC value ranging from 0.25–0.84. The highest PIC value was found in TR-20(0.84), followed by TA-3(0.83) and TA-78(0.77) indicating the ability of these markers in future use for polymorphism studies. Jaccard's similarity coefficient diversified the genotypes into 4 clusters, where cluster I was found to have 19 genotypes and Cluster III 4 genotypes, Cluster I and IV had single genotype each. Genotype Jammu Chickpea 4 was found to exhibited several traits such as plant height (cm), number of seeds per pod (g), while genotype H20-01 exhibited traits such as plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, selenium content(ppm), chlorophyll content and TSK-1 exhibited several traits such as protein content (%), biological yield per plant and number of pods per plant. Thus, these lines may be use as donors and are recommended for hybridization in chickpea improvement programmes. Variability correlation chickpea divergence molecular markers Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9259537","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":620671847,"identity":"2c31a243-74d0-458b-aa5a-d7f501214c95","order_by":0,"name":"Mehak Sen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences \u0026 Technology of Jammu","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehak","middleName":"","lastName":"Sen","suffix":""},{"id":620671848,"identity":"e25aff36-fbf8-405c-8573-37185780457e","order_by":1,"name":"Radheshyam Kumawat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Crop Improvement, College of Post Graduate in Agricultural Sciences, CAU (Imphal) Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, India","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Radheshyam","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumawat","suffix":""},{"id":620671849,"identity":"c8c1f0f0-be6f-44d4-8f19-838880028603","order_by":2,"name":"Sanjeev Kumar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgNgir0BSBhYEKcHqMWAgYEHpNNAghQtEgkgNhFa5PsPPzj4peJPPv/M51c3/CiQYOBv707Aq8XgRprBYZkzBpYzbueU3ewBOkzizNkN+LVIMBgclmwzMGC4nZN2gwfElcjFr0W+//gHsBb5m2fSbv4hRgvDgRyDgx+BWgxusB+7TZQtBjdyCg4znDE2MDyTw3ZbxkCCh6BfgA7b+PBHhZyB3PHjz26++WMjx9/eS8BhQMDMA6Z4DMAkQeUgwPgDTLE/IEr1KBgFo2AUjDwAAAW+S10RCtPWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences \u0026 Technology of Jammu","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sanjeev","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":620671850,"identity":"75ed0c00-565f-43b8-a5f3-217baa52b571","order_by":3,"name":"Anil Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences \u0026 Technology of Jammu","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anil","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-29 14:39:57","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9259537/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9259537/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106960063,"identity":"471d93a3-4d8f-408e-8638-7e21efcb131d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-15 09:18:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":530526,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ChickpeapaperFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9259537/v1_covered_773d6558-9cf6-4047-844e-d4cb8874d5b4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Characterization of chickpea genotypes for morpho-physiological and nutritional traits by SSR markers ","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Variability, correlation, chickpea, divergence, molecular markers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9259537/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9259537/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eChickpea (\u003cem\u003eCicer arietinum\u003c/em\u003e L.) is an important leguminous crop that is an important source of plant-based proteins. Twenty-five genotypes of chickpea were analyzed for genetic diversity using morpho-physiological, and nutritional by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. This investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics of SKUAST, Jammu during \u003cem\u003erabi\u003c/em\u003e 2024-25. The study was aimed to find out the correlation, path analyses, genetic diversity and characterization with SSRs. A total of twelve traits exhibited additive gene action while six traits exhibited non-additive gene action which indicates the use of direct phenotypic selection and selection in later generations, respectively. Seed yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant followed by biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and protein content. Path analysis revealed that the traits namely number of primary branches per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, proline content, biological yield per plant, harvest index,100 seed weight, relative water content, protein content, zinc content and phytic acid content showed positive direct effects on seed yield per plant. Analysis of D\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e statistics diversified the genotypes into 4 clusters on the basis of morpho-physiological and nutritional traits, respectively. Cluster-IV was found to have the maximum number of genotypes (9). The genotypes under study were also characterized for genetic diversity with 25 SSR markers. Among these markers, 6 were found polymorphic, with the PIC value ranging from 0.25\u0026ndash;0.84. The highest PIC value was found in TR-20(0.84), followed by TA-3(0.83) and TA-78(0.77) indicating the ability of these markers in future use for polymorphism studies. Jaccard's similarity coefficient diversified the genotypes into 4 clusters, where cluster I was found to have 19 genotypes and Cluster III 4 genotypes, Cluster I and IV had single genotype each. Genotype Jammu Chickpea 4 was found to exhibited several traits such as plant height (cm), number of seeds per pod (g), while genotype H20-01 exhibited traits such as plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, selenium content(ppm), chlorophyll content and TSK-1 exhibited several traits such as protein content (%), biological yield per plant and number of pods per plant. 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