Design and Simulation of Advanced Patch Antenna and Analysis using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS)

Design and Simulation of Advanced Patch Antenna and Analysis using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Design and Simulation of Advanced Patch Antenna and Analysis using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) Muyombano Happy Axel, Kagwesage Anne Marie, Niyomugenga Grace This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6841181/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this paper, an advanced patch antenna was designed and developed for wideband application. It has a resonance frequency of 4.8GHz and has been designed using a FR4_epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4 and height of 1.6mm. C band frequencies were analyzed from 4GHz to 8GHz which are commonly used in satellite television and communication satellites, hence the width and length of the patch are 19.02 mm and 14.37mm respectively with input impedance of 243Ω. The proposed antenna is useful in a number of applications notably satellite television broadcasting due to its effective resistance to signal degradation caused by rain. In the proposed antenna, the theoretical calculation set 4.8GHz as the resonant frequency, and meticulous calculations were done to ascertain patch physical parameters of the patch, simulation results prove that the designed antenna encapsulates C band frequency as the simulation results show resonant frequency at 4.5GHz hence a 10% discrepancy between simulated and calculated results. The return loss achieved after several fine-tuning was at -0.61dB. Electronic Materials and Devices Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6841181","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":467835320,"identity":"81045d53-8ef5-46d9-accd-3386f7e73dac","order_by":0,"name":"Muyombano Happy Axel","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYgIQFm2oC4jQdI0ZIG5pKk5TCYxKtFd0aO4aObO+zy+KWbnz0ubDtvt7b9MNCWGptoXFrMbuQYG+eeSS6WnHPM3Hhm2+3kbWcSgVqOpeU24NZiJp3bxpy44UaCmTQvUIvZAaAWxobDhLTUA7WkfwNqOZdsdv4hUVoOA7XkgGw5YGd2g5AtZ54VA/1yPHHmjJxy4xnnkhPMbgBtScDnl+PJGx/n7qhO7JdI3/a4oMzO3ux8+sMHH2pscGphYOAwgLHYmBnZGBLBKhNwKgcB9gcILQx/GOzxKh4Fo2AUjIIRCQDlg2jnuHO0SAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0897-4932","institution":"University of Rwanda","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muyombano","middleName":"Happy","lastName":"Axel","suffix":""},{"id":467835321,"identity":"f43c24db-5dc3-4d8f-959e-8083db182020","order_by":1,"name":"Kagwesage Anne Marie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rwanda","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kagwesage","middleName":"Anne","lastName":"Marie","suffix":""},{"id":467835322,"identity":"79b83354-e141-43c1-ada2-35cadfcf1200","order_by":2,"name":"Niyomugenga Grace","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rwanda","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Niyomugenga","middleName":"","lastName":"Grace","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-07 07:19:00","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6841181/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6841181/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84284318,"identity":"ab4bbe2e-1f69-439b-a70d-47c65ada00fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-10 07:20:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":430666,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AdvancedAntennaDesignandAnalysisusingHFSSCbandfrequencies.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6841181/v1_covered_0afe2f68-1e00-4afb-8543-2908e730563b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDesign and Simulation of Advanced Patch Antenna and Analysis using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS)\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of Rwanda","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6841181/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6841181/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this paper, an advanced patch antenna was designed and developed for wideband application. 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