Operando X-ray scattering reveals ordering-mediated solidification in additive manufacturing

Operando X-ray scattering reveals ordering-mediated solidification in additive manufacturing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Operando X-ray scattering reveals ordering-mediated solidification in additive manufacturing Tao Sun, Lin Gao, Kyle Mumm, Zhongshu Ren, Zhou Yu, Xingyang Li, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7890736/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Solidification in fusion-based metal additive manufacturing (AM) occurs under non-equilibrium conditions, often producing microstructures that deviate from classical theories, such as refined grains with high twin density arising from abnormal columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). While such feature has been linked to liquid atomic orderings, direct mechanistic evidence has been lacking. Here, we perform operando synchrotron X-ray total scattering measurement with rapid pair distribution functon(PDF) analysis to probe atomic structures in AM melt pools. We characterize the evolution of short- and medium-range orderings and connect their selective consumption to distinct solidification pathways in Inconel 718 and other alloys. Our findings show that abnormal CET originates from decomposition of icosahedral clusters into twinned nuclei, offering new opportunities for alloy design and microstructure control in AM. Physical sciences/Materials science/Structural materials/Metals and alloys Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementarymaterialsNC.pdf Supplementary materials Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7890736","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538318202,"identity":"f354262a-7e1b-4d25-80a1-0c17741ca76c","order_by":0,"name":"Tao 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