Postpartum Changes in Colostrum Protein Composition and Lamb Growth Performance

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Colostrum samples were collected at 24-hour intervals from 60 ewes of the Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj breeds and analysed for protein composition, with particular emphasis on immunoglobulin G (IgG) heavy chain, β-lactoglobulin, κ-casein, total protein, and density. Lamb growth performance was assessed based on live weights recorded at birth, 33 days, and 66 days of age. A marked decline in colostrum IgG and β-lactoglobulin concentrations was observed after the first 24 hours postpartum, with IgG heavy chain levels decreasing from 2.55 ± 0.096 g/dL at 2 hours to 0.61 ± 0.059 g/dL at 144 hours. In contrast, α-lactalbumin concentrations increased over time. Correlation analyses indicated significant positive associations between colostrum IgG heavy chain, κ-casein, and total IgG measured at early postpartum sampling points and lamb live weights at 33 and 66 days of age. These findings suggest that early colostrum protein composition may be associated with subsequent growth performance, underscoring the importance of appropriate colostrum management practices in sheep production systems. sheep colostrum immunoglobulin G colostrum protein composition lamb growth performance postpartum period small ruminants Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 INTRODUCTION Sheep have epitheliochorial placentas that prevent the prenatal transfer of immunoglobulins and other immune factors from dam to fetus. Consequently, lambs are born agammaglobulinemic, with negligible circulating immunoglobulin levels at birth (Stelwagen et al., 2009 ; Hernández-Castellano et al., 2014 ). As neonatal lambs have not yet developed an active immune response, the ingestion of colostrum is essential for the acquisition of passive immunity. Immunoglobulins present in colostrum are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium during the early postnatal period, contributing to immune protection and supporting early physiological adaptation (Logan and Pearson, 1978 ; Nowak and Poindron, 2006 ). Beyond its immunological role, colostrum serves as the first source of nutrition for newborn lambs, supplying energy and essential nutrients required for thermoregulation, tissue development, and early growth. Colostrum contains high concentrations of proteins, lipids, lactose, minerals, and bioactive compounds, including hormones and growth factors such as growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which support gastrointestinal maturation and metabolic regulation (Grizard et al., 1995 ; Morrill et al., 2012 ; Puppel et al., 2019 ). The concentration and composition of immunological, endocrine, and nutritional components in colostrum are influenced by several maternal and environmental factors, including breed, age, body condition, and nutritional status. These variations can affect the efficiency of passive immune transfer and the nutritional support provided to newborn lambs. Among colostral components, immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents the predominant immunoglobulin fraction and is commonly used as an indicator of colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer (Stelwagen et al., 2009 ; Puppel et al., 2019 ; Pisello et al., 2021 ). Milk proteins are generally classified into caseins and whey proteins. Caseins account for approximately 80% of total milk protein and include α-, β-, γ-, and κ-casein, whereas whey proteins consist mainly of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and immunoglobulins. In colostrum, total protein concentration is markedly elevated compared to mature milk, largely due to the high abundance of immunoglobulins and other bioactive proteins involved in immune defence and neonatal development (De Azeredo et al., 2014 ; Petrova et al., 2022 ). The transition from colostrum to mature milk is characterised by rapid changes in protein composition, reflecting physiological adaptations of the mammary gland and the changing nutritional and immunological requirements of the neonate. Previous studies have demonstrated a progressive decline in immunoglobulin and casein concentrations during the early postpartum period, accompanied by increases in specific whey proteins such as α-lactalbumin (Keskin et al., 2007 ; Alves et al., 2015 ). However, long-term evaluations of these compositional changes beyond the first few postpartum days remain limited, particularly in indigenous sheep breeds. Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj sheep represent important genetic resources in Türkiye and surrounding regions, differing in production characteristics and adaptation to local environmental conditions (Turkyilmaz and Esenbuga, 2022 ; Dagdelen and Esenbuga, 2022; Turkyilmaz et al., 2024 ). Despite their importance, comparative data on temporal changes in colostrum composition and their relationship with lamb growth performance in these breeds are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterise temporal changes in key colostrum protein fractions during the first 144 hours postpartum in Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj sheep and to examine their associations with subsequent lamb growth performance. It was hypothesised that variations in early colostrum protein composition are associated with differences in lamb growth during the pre-weaning period. By improving the understanding of colostrum composition dynamics, this study seeks to contribute to the optimisation of neonatal management practices in sheep production systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethical approval All procedures involving animals were approved by the Atatürk University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (30.03.2023; ID:2023/04). Experimental design All ewes included in the study were housed under identical management conditions and provided ad libitum access to dry meadow hay as roughage, along with a commercial concentrate feed (1 kg/head/day) and continuous access to fresh drinking water. Lambs were offered a commercial lamb starter feed ad libitum, with intake gradually increased according to body weight development, starting from approximately 50 g/day (Table 1). Lambing occurred within a one-week period. Lambs were weighed within 2 hours after birth using a digital scale. Ewe body weights were recorded at parturition, and body condition scores (BCS) were assessed independently by two trained evaluators using a 1–5 scale, as described by Russel et al. (1969). Lamb growth performance was monitored by recording live weights at birth, 33 days of age, and at weaning (66 days). The intermediate weighing at day 33 was included to assess early growth performance during the pre-weaning period. Sample collection Ewes showing clinical signs of imminent parturition were transferred to individual pens prior to lambing. Colostrum samples were collected by manual milking from both udder halves at 2 hours postpartum, followed by subsequent collections at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours after parturition (Zhou et al., 2023). At each sampling time, a minimum of 20 mL of colostrum was collected for laboratory analysis, and the remaining colostrum was offered to lambs using a feeding bottle. To obtain representative and homogeneous samples, ewes were temporarily separated from their lambs for approximately 2 hours prior to each sampling. Colostrum samples were transported to the milk analysis laboratory under refrigerated conditions (+4 °C) and processed immediately or stored as described below. After completion of the 144-hour sampling period, ewes and lambs were returned to the main flock. Analysis of colostrum protein components Colostrum samples collected at 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours postpartum were mixed with sample buffer and stored at −20 °C until analysis. Prior to electrophoretic analysis, frozen samples were gradually thawed at 4 °C. Protein separation was performed using sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) according to the Laemmli method, adapted for use with a Bio-Rad Tetra Cell system (He, 2011). Samples were diluted with electrophoresis sample buffer at a ratio of 1:9 (v/v) and prepared according to standard SDS-PAGE protocols. Following electrophoresis, gels were stained using Oriole fluorescent protein stain and incubated overnight. Protein bands corresponding to IgG heavy and light chains, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin were identified based on molecular weight and quantified using Image Lab 5.0 software (Bio-Rad, USA) (Figure 1). Relative protein abundance was expressed as the proportion of each band relative to total protein. Total protein concentration was determined according to the method described by Chang and Zhang (2017). Colostrum density Colostrum density was measured at 2 hours postpartum using a handheld refractometer. The instrument was calibrated with distilled water prior to measurements. Density values were recorded directly in the field and expressed as g/dL. Statistical analyses Data were evaluated for normality and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively. Growth performance traits, colostrum protein fractions, and colostrum density were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the effects of breed, sampling time, ewe age, body condition score, and lamb sex. When significant effects were detected, mean comparisons were performed using Duncan’s multiple range test. Associations between colostrum components measured at different postpartum time points and lamb growth performance parameters were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 20.0; IBM Corp., USA). Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), and statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. RESULTS The effects of breed, ewe age, body condition score (BCS), and lamb sex on growth performance and ewe body weight are presented in Table 2. Birth weight differed significantly among breeds, with Morkaraman lambs showing higher birth weights compared to Awassi and Tuj lambs (P < 0.001). However, no significant breed-related differences were observed for live weight at 33 days of age or at weaning. Lambs born to ewes aged 3, 4, and 5 years exhibited higher birth weights, whereas only lambs from four-year-old ewes had significantly higher live weights at 33 days of age and at weaning (P < 0.01). Body condition score of the ewe did not significantly affect lamb birth weight or weaning weight. Male lambs exhibited higher live weights and daily weight gain compared with female lambs throughout the pre-weaning period (P < 0.01). The effects of breed, sampling time postpartum, and ewe age on colostrum protein composition are summarised in Table 3. Temporal changes in colostrum IgG heavy chain, light chain, and total IgG concentrations during the postpartum period are illustrated in Figure 2. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in colostrum from Tuj ewes compared with the other breeds (P < 0.05). In contrast, Awassi ewes exhibited lower concentrations of α-casein, β-casein, α-lactoglobulin, and β-lactoglobulin (P < 0.01). Total IgG concentrations did not differ significantly among breeds, although numerically higher values were observed in the Tuj breed. No significant interactions were detected between breed, sampling time, and ewe age for colostrum protein components. Postnatal changes in α-, β-, and κ-casein fractions across sampling times are presented in Figure 3. Correlation coefficients between colostrum components and lamb growth performance are shown in Table 4. No significant correlations were observed between colostrum protein fractions and birth weight. In contrast, live weights at 33 days of age and at weaning were positively correlated with IgG heavy chain, total IgG, total protein ratio, and κ-casein measured at 2 hours postpartum. As postpartum time progressed, correlation coefficients between these colostrum components and lamb growth traits decreased. Colostrum density showed increasingly negative correlations with lamb live weights at later postpartum sampling times. No consistent correlations were observed between lamb growth performance and other colostrum protein fractions. Colostrum density decreased progressively over the postpartum period (Figure 5). Mean density values declined by approximately 60% between 2 and 144 hours after parturition, approaching values typically reported for mature sheep milk. DISCUSSION The present study demonstrated that major colostrum components, including serum albumin, immunoglobulin fractions, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, total protein ratio, and colostrum density, changed markedly over the postpartum sampling period. In particular, the progressive decline in immunoglobulins, caseins, and β-lactoglobulin, accompanied by an increase in α-lactalbumin, reflects the physiological transition from colostrum to transitional and subsequently mature milk. Similar temporal patterns have been reported in previous studies on sheep and other ruminant species, supporting the consistency of these compositional changes during early lactation. Immunoglobulin G represents the predominant immunoglobulin fraction in sheep colostrum and is widely used as an indicator of colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer. In the present study, total IgG concentrations did not differ significantly among breeds, although numerically higher values were observed in Tuj ewes under identical management conditions. The IgG concentrations measured fall within the mid-to-upper range of values reported in the literature, which vary considerably across breeds, production systems, and analytical methodologies. Previous studies have reported IgG concentrations ranging from approximately 2.0 g/dL in Santa Inês sheep (Alves et al., 2015) to values exceeding 10 g/dL in Karakul sheep (Hashemi et al., 2008). Such variability highlights the influence of breed characteristics, maternal factors, and methodological approaches on reported colostrum IgG levels. A pronounced decline in IgG heavy and light chain concentrations was observed over the postpartum period, with reductions of approximately 76% and 47%, respectively, from 2 to 144 hours after parturition. The postpartum patterns of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin concentrations are shown in Figure 4. Similar declining trends were also observed for κ-casein, total IgG, and β-lactoglobulin, whereas α-lactalbumin exhibited an opposite pattern, increasing after the initial postpartum period. These findings are consistent with previous reports describing rapid decreases in immunoglobulin concentrations within the first 24–48 hours postpartum, followed by stabilisation as milk composition approaches that of mature milk (Keskin et al., 2007; Alves et al., 2015; Hashemi et al., 2008). The concomitant reduction in colostrum density further supports this transition, with density values declining steadily over time irrespective of breed or ewe age. Significant positive associations were observed between early postpartum colostrum components and subsequent lamb growth performance. Specifically, IgG heavy chain, total IgG, κ-casein, and total protein ratio measured at 2 hours postpartum were positively correlated with lamb live weights at 33 days of age and at weaning. In contrast, no significant associations were detected between colostrum composition and birth weight, suggesting that colostrum protein fractions are more closely related to postnatal growth trajectories than to prenatal development. As postpartum time progressed and colostrum protein concentrations declined, the strength of these associations also decreased. These findings indicate that early colostrum composition may be associated with later growth performance, although causal relationships cannot be inferred from the present observational design. Ewe age did not show consistent associations with most colostrum protein components, except for α-casein and β-lactoglobulin. Although previous studies have suggested potential age-related effects on colostrum composition (Turini et al., 2020), the absence of strong age-related patterns in the present study may reflect breed-specific responses, uniform management conditions, or individual variability among ewes. Colostrum density values observed in this study were higher than those reported in some previous investigations (Nunes, 2006; Alves et al., 2014; Richardson et al., 2023). Differences in breed composition, feeding regimes, and measurement techniques may partly explain these discrepancies. The observed negative correlations between colostrum density and lamb growth traits at later postpartum sampling points further reflect the declining concentration of immunologically and nutritionally relevant components over time. Several limitations of the present study should be acknowledged. The assessment of colostrum protein composition was based on SDS-PAGE, which provides semi-quantitative information and may be less sensitive than immunoassay-based methods. In addition, individual colostrum intake by lambs was not quantified, and the study design was observational, limiting the ability to establish causal relationships between colostrum composition and lamb growth performance. Future studies incorporating precise measurements of colostrum intake, longitudinal immune parameters in lambs, and advanced statistical modelling approaches would help to further clarify these relationships. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that colostrum protein composition changes markedly during the first 144 hours postpartum in Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj sheep. Although colostrum components such as total IgG and κ-casein were not associated with lamb birth weight, significant associations were observed between early postpartum colostrum protein fractions and lamb live weights at 33 and 66 days of age. These findings suggest that early colostrum composition may be related to subsequent growth performance during the pre-weaning period. The progressive decline in immunological and nutritional components over time highlights the importance of timely colostrum management in sheep production systems. Further research incorporating larger populations, precise measurements of colostrum intake, and advanced analytical approaches is warranted to better elucidate the relationships between colostrum composition, immunity, and lamb growth. Declarations Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Atatürk University Coordination Unit of Scientific Research Projects (Project No. 2020-8990). Author’s Contribution DT designed the experiments. UD, DT and SO collected samples. UD and DT performed the experiments. UD and DT performed analysis. DT and SO drafted the manuscript. DT revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Funding This research was supported by the Atatürk University Coordination Unit of Scientific Research Projects (grant numbers: 2020-8990). Ethical approval All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the Atatürk University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive and were approved by the relevant ethics committee (30 March 2023; ID: 2023/04). Data Availability Statement The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References Al-Sabbagh TA, Swanson LV, and Thompson JM, 1995. 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Tables Table 1 Formulation and chemical composition of experimental diets Item Concentrate Ewe Lamb Ingredient [g/kg DM of diet] Barley 368.7 454.9 Meadow grass 122.4 279.8 Soybean meal 188.6 154.0 Wheat bran 289.1 77.0 Dicalciumphosphate 20.2 7.0 Salt 11.0 7.0 Chemical composition [%] Dry matter 88.0 88.0 Crude fibre 10.0 11.0 Crude protein 15.0 18.0 Ash 9.0 8.0 Starch 25.0 27.0 Ether extract 2.5 3.0 Ca 0.6 0.8 ME (kcal/kg) 2600 2800 Table 2 Effect of breed, age, body condition score and gender on growth performance until weaning and ewe weight (kg). BW D33 WW DWG EW Total 4.60 ± 0.046 10.61 ± 0.101 15.38 ± 0.178 0.172 ± 0.003 54.5 ± 0.60 Breed < 0.001 0.266 0.097 0.065 0.049 Morkaraman 4.89 a ± 0.062 10.58 ± 0.180 15.16 ± 0.322 0.156 ± 0.006 54.1 ab ± 1.06 Awassi 4.52 b ± 0.105 10.41 ± 0.189 15.01 ± 0.337 0.159 ± 0.007 59.3 a ± 0.88 Tuj 4.31 b ± 0.068 10.85 ± 0.171 15.97 ± 0.305 0.177 ± 0.006 49.8 b ± 0.87 Ewe age < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 2 4.35 b ± 0.078 10.08 b ± 0.169 15.34 b ± 0.302 0.189 a ± 0.006 45.5 c ± 0.63 3 4.78 a ± 0.072 10.25 b ± 0.223 14.57 b ± 0.399 0.155 b ± 0.008 57.6 ab ± 0.58 4 4.76 a ± 0.111 11.76 a ± 0.231 17.08 a ± 0.413 0.191 a ± 0.008 62.6 a ± 0.89 5 4.88 a ± 0.112 10.59 b ± 0.195 15.16 b ± 0.348 0.164 ab ± 0.007 60.2 ab ± 1.21 6+ 4.41 b ± 0.116 10.40 b ± 0.334 14.75 b ± 0.596 0.158 ab ± 0.012 52.6 bc ± 0.42 Ewe BCS 0.089 0.037 0.217 0.413 0.001 2 4.47 ± 0.095 10.53 ab ± 0.197 15.55 ± 0.346 0.180 ± 0.007 46.6 c ± 0.98 2.5 4.56 ± 0.088 9.99 b ± 0.197 14.68 ± 0.346 0.168 ± 0.007 50.9 bc ± 0.77 3 4.64 ± 0.085 10.69 a ± 0.154 15.36 ± 0.272 0.169 ± 0.005 58.3 ab ± 0.75 3.5 4.99 ± 0.125 10.67 a ± 0.278 15.71 ± 0.490 0.181 ± 0.010 64.8 a ± 1.40 Gender 0.008 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 0.317 Male 4.73 ± 0.068 10.92 ± 0.144 16.01 ± 0.256 0.182 ± 0.005 56.3 ± 0.95 Female 4.48 ± 0.060 10.31 ± 0.129 14.77 ± 0.230 0.161 ± 0.005 53.1 ± 0.75 a, b, c: values in columns with different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05); BCS: Body condition score; BW: Birth weight; D33: Weights at 33th day; WW: Weaning weights; DWG: Daily weight gain; EW: Ewe weight. Table 3 The effects of breed, sampling time after birth, and ewe age on protein content of ewe colostrum (g/dL) Serum albumin IgG heavy chain IgG light chain Total IgG α-casein β-casein κ-casein β-lactoglobulin α-lactalbumin Total protein ratio Density Total 0.284 ± 0.006 1.277 ± 0.057 0.427 ± 0.019 1.704 ± 0.067 0.159 ± 0.007 0.43 ± 0.032 0.273 ± 0.038 2.491 ± 0.043 0.739 ± 0.015 7.445 ± 0.189 17.328 ± 0.463 Breed 0.013 0.183 0.066 0.129 0.001 0.038 0.330 0.012 < 0.001 0.099 0.326 Morkaraman 0.276 b ± 0.011 1.332 ± 0.096 0.396 ± 0.027 1.728 ± 0.110 0.170 a ± 0.012 0.507 a ± 0.056 0.314 ± 0.070 2.589 a ± 0.065 0.811 a ± 0.024 7.815 ± 0.318 18.204 ± 0.825 Awassi 0.266 b ± 0.009 1.130 ± 0.085 0.399 ± 0.034 1.529 ± 0.101 0.124 b ± 0.01 0.320 b ± 0.026 0.192 ± 0.048 2.310 b ± 0.067 0.741 b ± 0.024 6.883 ± 0.254 16.605 ± 0.642 Tuj 0.312 a ± 0.013 1.374 ± 0.116 0.494 ± 0.038 1.868 ± 0.139 0.184 a ± 0.013 0.461 ab ± 0.073 0.313 ± 0.079 2.573 a ± 0.091 0.650 c ± 0.026 7.618 ± 0.399 17.073 ± 0.944 Hours 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.329 0.013 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 2 0.263 bc ± 0.022 2.555 a ± 0.096 0.837 a ± 0.091 3.392 a ± 0.16 0.126 ± 0.023 0.703 a ± 0.154 1.256 a ± 0.160 3.369 a ± 0.085 0.562 b ± 0.029 12.201 a ± 0.471 30.485 a ± 1.032 24 0.341 a ± 0.015 2.352 a ± 0.109 0.382 b ± 0.034 2.734 b ± 0.11 0.179 ± 0.024 0.485 ab ± 0.090 0.379 b ± 0.102 3.108 b ± 0.112 0.790 a ± 0.044 9.922 b ± 0.354 20.046 b ± 0.737 48 0.237 c ± 0.016 1.037 b ± 0.064 0.265 b ± 0.019 1.302 c ± 0.065 0.148 ± 0.013 0.381 b ± 0.053 0.050 c ± 0.010 2.341 c ± 0.068 0.733 a ± 0.031 6.298 c ± 0.187 16.150 c ± 0.524 72 0.267 bc ± 0.016 0.907 bc ± 0.068 0.326 b ± 0.022 1.233 c ± 0.066 0.146 ± 0.013 0.409 b ± 0.059 0.039 c ± 0.004 2.258 c ± 0.072 0.739 a ± 0.036 6.127 c ± 0.198 14.931 cd ± 0.37 96 0.289 b ± 0.015 0.782 cd ± 0.061 0.362 b ± 0.022 1.144 c ± 0.062 0.168 ± 0.020 0.412 b ± 0.060 0.051 c ± 0.007 2.196 c ± 0.071 0.743 a ± 0.043 6.019 c ± 0.205 13.584 de ± 0.276 120 0.302 ab ± 0.014 0.701 cd ± 0.057 0.370 b ± 0.02 1.072 c ± 0.061 0.175 ± 0.015 0.343 b ± 0.050 0.051 c ± 0.007 2.117 c ± 0.064 0.770 a ± 0.038 5.872 c ± 0.216 12.983 e ± 0.344 144 0.287 bc ± 0.014 0.608 d ± 0.059 0.443 b ± 0.021 1.050 c ± 0.062 0.170 ± 0.015 0.280 b ± 0.049 0.087 c ± 0.011 2.051 c ± 0.063 0.834 a ± 0.034 5.675 c ± 0.216 12.020 e ± 0.473 Ewe Age 0.477 0.879 0.448 0.763 0.002 0.243 0.776 0.032 0.057 0.239 0.273 2 0.277 ± 0.010 1.342 ± 0.109 0.460 ± 0.030 1.801 ± 0.124 0.180 a ± 0.013 0.521 ± 0.055 0.307 ± 0.068 2.665 a ± 0.084 0.758 ± 0.029 8.003 ± 0.350 18.563 ± 0.942 3 0.286 ± 0.013 1.203 ± 0.116 0.427 ± 0.032 1.630 ± 0.124 0.158 ab ± 0.014 0.352 ± 0.060 0.265 ± 0.089 2.448 ab ± 0.087 0.791 ± 0.033 7.207 ± 0.362 15.736 ± 0.759 4 0.310 ± 0.021 1.182 ± 0.150 0.376 ± 0.047 1.558 ± 0.176 0.166 a ± 0.017 0.417 ± 0.089 0.264 ± 0.101 2.270 b ± 0.101 0.655 ± 0.034 6.877 ± 0.497 16.426 ± 1.162 5 0.275 ± 0.012 1.287 ± 0.105 0.391 ± 0.046 1.678 ± 0.130 0.113 b ± 0.011 0.356 ± 0.051 0.201 ± 0.060 2.408 ab ± 0.068 0.712 ± 0.026 7.112 ± 0.317 17.404 ± 0.840 6+ 0.286 ± 0.027 1.322 ± 0.222 0.483 ± 0.081 1.804 ± 0.279 0.190 a ± 0.029 0.474 ± 0.154 0.376 ± 0.185 2.532 ab ± 0.187 0.775 ± 0.049 7.703 ± 0.845 17.742 ± 1.892 a, b, c, d, e : values in columns with different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05); IgG: Immunoglobulin G Table 4 Correlation between the colostrum components and growth performance of the lambs. Hour SA IgG HC IgG LC T-IgG α-C β-C κ-C β-LG α-LA T-P Den BW 2 0.125 –0.056 –0.213 –0.154 0.034 0.091 –0.040 –0.295 –0.179 –0.147 0.135 24 0.012 –0.263 –0.192 –0.320 –0.007 –0.082 –0.234 –0.140 0.130 –0.311 –0.182 48 0.004 –0.227 0.276 –0.145 0.053 –0.105 –0.055 –0.151 0.012 –0.222 –0.087 72 –0.148 –0.075 –0.213 –0.148 –0.153 –0.033 –0.012 –0.023 –0.088 –0.063 0.165 96 –0.11 0.010 –0.282 –0.092 –0.200 0.093 –0.158 0.009 –0.321 0.057 0.015 120 –0.014 0.040 –0.297 –0.060 –0.123 0.026 –0.268 0.047 –0.136 0.079 0.055 144 –0.176 0.024 –0.242 –0.059 –0.406* –0.255 –0.310 0.013 –0.114 –0.055 0.053 D33 2 0.145 0.559** 0.594** 0.670** 0.078 0.126 0.441** 0.387* –0.298 0.502** 0.339 24 0.048 0.417* 0.032 0.422* –0.137 –0.162 0.001 0.274 0.112 0.173 0.004 48 0.172 0.426* 0.162 0.470** 0.376* 0.250 –0.052 0.196 0.153 0.342 –0.302 72 0.313 0.319 0.292 0.427* 0.317 0.241 0.037 0.129 0.011 0.259 –0.470** 96 0.228 0.180 0.348* 0.302 0.129 0.131 0.265 0.120 0.137 0.175 –0.456** 120 0.140 0.227 0.244 0.293 0.468** 0.448** 0.336 0.160 0.024 0.284 –0.605** 144 0.138 0.233 0.404* 0.356* 0.416* 0.561** 0.148 0.179 0.178 0.322 –0.574** WW 2 0.224 0.565** 0.624** 0.690** 0.069 0.134 0.489** 0.326 –0.308 0.493** 0.311 24 0.110 0.245 0.017 0.247 –0.002 –0.201 –0.079 0.157 0.210 0.027 –0.039 48 0.205 0.265 0.231 0.330 0.365* –0.035 –0.073 0.102 0.170 0.174 –0.143 72 0.278 0.217 0.258 0.311 0.336 0.034 0.095 0.060 0.010 0.150 –0.223 96 0.211 0.116 0.233 0.197 0.067 –0.029 0.224 0.088 0.041 0.087 –0.221 120 0.125 0.158 0.122 0.188 0.357* 0.207 0.210 0.126 –0.044 0.194 –0.421* 144 0.050 0.164 0.305 0.257 0.277 0.262 0.131 0.114 0.109 0.210 –0.349* *: Significant ( P < 0.05); **: Highly significant ( P < 0.01); SA: Serum albumin; IgG HC: IgG Heavy Chain; IgG LC: IgG Low Chain; T-IgG: Total IgG; α-C: α-Casein; β-C: β-Casein; κ-C: κ-Casein; β-LG: β-lactoglobulin; α-LA: α-lactalbumin; T-P: Total protein; Den: Density; BW: Birth weight; D33: Weights at 33th day; WW: Weaning weights. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Tropical Animal Health and Production → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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15:27:59","extension":"xml","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":131260,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TROPD25024250structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/a9b59d16a7fb5ffd74e9fcc2.xml"},{"id":100065391,"identity":"c1a18d3a-5a75-4ea9-af7e-9f3c4873ae58","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-12 15:27:59","extension":"html","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":137523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/77f80efaf9c0d0acca00673c.html"},{"id":100364197,"identity":"df49f653-753e-4f7d-9e27-84ea25e8f953","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:52:54","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":300069,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eElectrophoresis display of 7-day change. (SA: Serum Albumin; IgG HC: IgG Heavy Chain; IgG LC: IgG Light Chain; BLG: β-lactoglobulin; a-Lac: α-lactalbumin).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/fd569c763dbaf385af4c7482.png"},{"id":100065378,"identity":"7c521750-44ae-47e3-bd46-41868d7325c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-12 15:27:59","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49788,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe postnatal changes in IgG levels of colostrum.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/3508d7036f934d32c9185efc.png"},{"id":100065379,"identity":"62229ce2-2304-47fa-99e9-e9e3ff2864d5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-12 15:27:59","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe postnatal changes in casein levels of colostrum.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/0e081f61f8e5f095d7837cfa.png"},{"id":100065381,"identity":"548ae896-7a3e-4d41-a6db-d128b4a1871e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-12 15:27:59","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":34326,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe postnatal changes in β-Lactoglobulin and α-Lactalbumin levels of colostrum.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/02762f3ad229fbcc24eff646.png"},{"id":100065382,"identity":"46bb3026-cab3-4b6c-aa2a-c33eb9971123","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-12 15:27:59","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":33048,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe postnatal changes in total protein ratio and density levels of colostrum.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/e82f52e5caae3b6606cba827.png"},{"id":105239530,"identity":"1ff8ecff-7562-4b29-96f0-017cc5679015","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-23 21:41:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1329585,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8345779/v1/d1b981b1-5764-4d8d-9965-7e7871966290.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Postpartum Changes in Colostrum Protein Composition and Lamb Growth Performance","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eSheep have epitheliochorial placentas that prevent the prenatal transfer of immunoglobulins and other immune factors from dam to fetus. Consequently, lambs are born agammaglobulinemic, with negligible circulating immunoglobulin levels at birth (Stelwagen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Hern\u0026aacute;ndez-Castellano et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). As neonatal lambs have not yet developed an active immune response, the ingestion of colostrum is essential for the acquisition of passive immunity. Immunoglobulins present in colostrum are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium during the early postnatal period, contributing to immune protection and supporting early physiological adaptation (Logan and Pearson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e; Nowak and Poindron, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond its immunological role, colostrum serves as the first source of nutrition for newborn lambs, supplying energy and essential nutrients required for thermoregulation, tissue development, and early growth. Colostrum contains high concentrations of proteins, lipids, lactose, minerals, and bioactive compounds, including hormones and growth factors such as growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which support gastrointestinal maturation and metabolic regulation (Grizard et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e; Morrill et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Puppel et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe concentration and composition of immunological, endocrine, and nutritional components in colostrum are influenced by several maternal and environmental factors, including breed, age, body condition, and nutritional status. These variations can affect the efficiency of passive immune transfer and the nutritional support provided to newborn lambs. Among colostral components, immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents the predominant immunoglobulin fraction and is commonly used as an indicator of colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer (Stelwagen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Puppel et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Pisello et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilk proteins are generally classified into caseins and whey proteins. Caseins account for approximately 80% of total milk protein and include α-, β-, γ-, and κ-casein, whereas whey proteins consist mainly of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and immunoglobulins. In colostrum, total protein concentration is markedly elevated compared to mature milk, largely due to the high abundance of immunoglobulins and other bioactive proteins involved in immune defence and neonatal development (De Azeredo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Petrova et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe transition from colostrum to mature milk is characterised by rapid changes in protein composition, reflecting physiological adaptations of the mammary gland and the changing nutritional and immunological requirements of the neonate. Previous studies have demonstrated a progressive decline in immunoglobulin and casein concentrations during the early postpartum period, accompanied by increases in specific whey proteins such as α-lactalbumin (Keskin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Alves et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). However, long-term evaluations of these compositional changes beyond the first few postpartum days remain limited, particularly in indigenous sheep breeds.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj sheep represent important genetic resources in T\u0026uuml;rkiye and surrounding regions, differing in production characteristics and adaptation to local environmental conditions (Turkyilmaz and Esenbuga, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Dagdelen and Esenbuga, 2022; Turkyilmaz et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Despite their importance, comparative data on temporal changes in colostrum composition and their relationship with lamb growth performance in these breeds are scarce.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, the present study aimed to characterise temporal changes in key colostrum protein fractions during the first 144 hours postpartum in Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj sheep and to examine their associations with subsequent lamb growth performance. It was hypothesised that variations in early colostrum protein composition are associated with differences in lamb growth during the pre-weaning period. By improving the understanding of colostrum composition dynamics, this study seeks to contribute to the optimisation of neonatal management practices in sheep production systems.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthical approval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll procedures involving animals were approved by the Atatürk University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (30.03.2023; ID:2023/04).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperimental design\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll ewes included in the study were housed under identical management conditions and provided ad libitum access to dry meadow hay as roughage, along with a commercial concentrate feed (1 kg/head/day) and continuous access to fresh drinking water. Lambs were offered a commercial lamb starter feed ad libitum, with intake gradually increased according to body weight development, starting from approximately 50 g/day (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLambing occurred within a one-week period. Lambs were weighed within 2 hours after birth using a digital scale. Ewe body weights were recorded at parturition, and body condition scores (BCS) were assessed independently by two trained evaluators using a 1–5 scale, as described by Russel et al. (1969). Lamb growth performance was monitored by recording live weights at birth, 33 days of age, and at weaning (66 days). The intermediate weighing at day 33 was included to assess early growth performance during the pre-weaning period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample collection\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEwes showing clinical signs of imminent parturition were transferred to individual pens prior to lambing. Colostrum samples were collected by manual milking from both udder halves at 2 hours postpartum, followed by subsequent collections at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours after parturition (Zhou et al., 2023). At each sampling time, a minimum of 20 mL of colostrum was collected for laboratory analysis, and the remaining colostrum was offered to lambs using a feeding bottle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo obtain representative and homogeneous samples, ewes were temporarily separated from their lambs for approximately 2 hours prior to each sampling. Colostrum samples were transported to the milk analysis laboratory under refrigerated conditions (+4 °C) and processed immediately or stored as described below. After completion of the 144-hour sampling period, ewes and lambs were returned to the main flock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of colostrum protein components\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColostrum samples collected at 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours postpartum were mixed with sample buffer and stored at −20 °C until analysis. Prior to electrophoretic analysis, frozen samples were gradually thawed at 4 °C. Protein separation was performed using sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) according to the Laemmli method, adapted for use with a Bio-Rad Tetra Cell system (He, 2011). Samples were diluted with electrophoresis sample buffer at a ratio of 1:9 (v/v) and prepared according to standard SDS-PAGE protocols.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing electrophoresis, gels were stained using Oriole fluorescent protein stain and incubated overnight. Protein bands corresponding to IgG heavy and light chains, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin were identified based on molecular weight and quantified using Image Lab 5.0 software (Bio-Rad, USA) (Figure 1). Relative protein abundance was expressed as the proportion of each band relative to total protein. Total protein concentration was determined according to the method described by Chang and Zhang (2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eColostrum density\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColostrum density was measured at 2 hours postpartum using a handheld refractometer. The instrument was calibrated with distilled water prior to measurements. Density values were recorded directly in the field and expressed as g/dL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStatistical analyses\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were evaluated for normality and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively. Growth performance traits, colostrum protein fractions, and colostrum density were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the effects of breed, sampling time, ewe age, body condition score, and lamb sex. When significant effects were detected, mean comparisons were performed using Duncan’s multiple range test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAssociations between colostrum components measured at different postpartum time points and lamb growth performance parameters were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 20.0; IBM Corp., USA). Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), and statistical significance was declared at P \u0026lt; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe effects of breed, ewe age, body condition score (BCS), and lamb sex on growth performance and ewe body weight are presented in Table 2. Birth weight differed significantly among breeds, with Morkaraman lambs showing higher birth weights compared to Awassi and Tuj lambs (P \u0026lt; 0.001). However, no significant breed-related differences were observed for live weight at 33 days of age or at weaning. Lambs born to ewes aged 3, 4, and 5 years exhibited higher birth weights, whereas only lambs from four-year-old ewes had significantly higher live weights at 33 days of age and at weaning (P \u0026lt; 0.01). Body condition score of the ewe did not significantly affect lamb birth weight or weaning weight. Male lambs exhibited higher live weights and daily weight gain compared with female lambs throughout the pre-weaning period (P \u0026lt; 0.01).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of breed, sampling time postpartum, and ewe age on colostrum protein composition are summarised in Table 3. Temporal changes in colostrum IgG heavy chain, light chain, and total IgG concentrations during the postpartum period are illustrated in Figure 2. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in colostrum from Tuj ewes compared with the other breeds (P \u0026lt; 0.05). In contrast, Awassi ewes exhibited lower concentrations of \u0026alpha;-casein, \u0026beta;-casein, \u0026alpha;-lactoglobulin, and \u0026beta;-lactoglobulin (P \u0026lt; 0.01). Total IgG concentrations did not differ significantly among breeds, although numerically higher values were observed in the Tuj breed. No significant interactions were detected between breed, sampling time, and ewe age for colostrum protein components. Postnatal changes in \u0026alpha;-, \u0026beta;-, and \u0026kappa;-casein fractions across sampling times are presented in Figure 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrelation coefficients between colostrum components and lamb growth performance are shown in Table 4. No significant correlations were observed between colostrum protein fractions and birth weight. In contrast, live weights at 33 days of age and at weaning were positively correlated with IgG heavy chain, total IgG, total protein ratio, and \u0026kappa;-casein measured at 2 hours postpartum. As postpartum time progressed, correlation coefficients between these colostrum components and lamb growth traits decreased. Colostrum density showed increasingly negative correlations with lamb live weights at later postpartum sampling times. No consistent correlations were observed between lamb growth performance and other colostrum protein fractions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColostrum density decreased progressively over the postpartum period (Figure 5). Mean density values declined by approximately 60% between 2 and 144 hours after parturition, approaching values typically reported for mature sheep milk.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study demonstrated that major colostrum components, including serum albumin, immunoglobulin fractions, \u0026kappa;-casein, \u0026beta;-lactoglobulin, \u0026alpha;-lactalbumin, total protein ratio, and colostrum density, changed markedly over the postpartum sampling period. In particular, the progressive decline in immunoglobulins, caseins, and \u0026beta;-lactoglobulin, accompanied by an increase in \u0026alpha;-lactalbumin, reflects the physiological transition from colostrum to transitional and subsequently mature milk. Similar temporal patterns have been reported in previous studies on sheep and other ruminant species, supporting the consistency of these compositional changes during early lactation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunoglobulin G represents the predominant immunoglobulin fraction in sheep colostrum and is widely used as an indicator of colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer. In the present study, total IgG concentrations did not differ significantly among breeds, although numerically higher values were observed in Tuj ewes under identical management conditions. The IgG concentrations measured fall within the mid-to-upper range of values reported in the literature, which vary considerably across breeds, production systems, and analytical methodologies. Previous studies have reported IgG concentrations ranging from approximately 2.0 g/dL in Santa In\u0026ecirc;s sheep (Alves et al., 2015) to values exceeding 10 g/dL in Karakul sheep (Hashemi et al., 2008). Such variability highlights the influence of breed characteristics, maternal factors, and methodological approaches on reported colostrum IgG levels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA pronounced decline in IgG heavy and light chain concentrations was observed over the postpartum period, with reductions of approximately 76% and 47%, respectively, from 2 to 144 hours after parturition. The postpartum patterns of \u0026beta;-lactoglobulin and \u0026alpha;-lactalbumin concentrations are shown in Figure 4. Similar declining trends were also observed for \u0026kappa;-casein, total IgG, and \u0026beta;-lactoglobulin, whereas \u0026alpha;-lactalbumin exhibited an opposite pattern, increasing after the initial postpartum period. These findings are consistent with previous reports describing rapid decreases in immunoglobulin concentrations within the first 24\u0026ndash;48 hours postpartum, followed by stabilisation as milk composition approaches that of mature milk (Keskin et al., 2007; Alves et al., 2015; Hashemi et al., 2008). The concomitant reduction in colostrum density further supports this transition, with density values declining steadily over time irrespective of breed or ewe age.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant positive associations were observed between early postpartum colostrum components and subsequent lamb growth performance. Specifically, IgG heavy chain, total IgG, \u0026kappa;-casein, and total protein ratio measured at 2 hours postpartum were positively correlated with lamb live weights at 33 days of age and at weaning. In contrast, no significant associations were detected between colostrum composition and birth weight, suggesting that colostrum protein fractions are more closely related to postnatal growth trajectories than to prenatal development. As postpartum time progressed and colostrum protein concentrations declined, the strength of these associations also decreased. These findings indicate that early colostrum composition may be associated with later growth performance, although causal relationships cannot be inferred from the present observational design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEwe age did not show consistent associations with most colostrum protein components, except for \u0026alpha;-casein and \u0026beta;-lactoglobulin. Although previous studies have suggested potential age-related effects on colostrum composition (Turini et al., 2020), the absence of strong age-related patterns in the present study may reflect breed-specific responses, uniform management conditions, or individual variability among ewes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColostrum density values observed in this study were higher than those reported in some previous investigations (Nunes, 2006; Alves et al., 2014; Richardson et al., 2023). Differences in breed composition, feeding regimes, and measurement techniques may partly explain these discrepancies. The observed negative correlations between colostrum density and lamb growth traits at later postpartum sampling points further reflect the declining concentration of immunologically and nutritionally relevant components over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral limitations of the present study should be acknowledged. The assessment of colostrum protein composition was based on SDS-PAGE, which provides semi-quantitative information and may be less sensitive than immunoassay-based methods. In addition, individual colostrum intake by lambs was not quantified, and the study design was observational, limiting the ability to establish causal relationships between colostrum composition and lamb growth performance. Future studies incorporating precise measurements of colostrum intake, longitudinal immune parameters in lambs, and advanced statistical modelling approaches would help to further clarify these relationships.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study demonstrates that colostrum protein composition changes markedly during the first 144 hours postpartum in Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj sheep. Although colostrum components such as total IgG and \u0026kappa;-casein were not associated with lamb birth weight, significant associations were observed between early postpartum colostrum protein fractions and lamb live weights at 33 and 66 days of age. These findings suggest that early colostrum composition may be related to subsequent growth performance during the pre-weaning period. The progressive decline in immunological and nutritional components over time highlights the importance of timely colostrum management in sheep production systems. Further research incorporating larger populations, precise measurements of colostrum intake, and advanced analytical approaches is warranted to better elucidate the relationships between colostrum composition, immunity, and lamb growth.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was supported by the Atat\u0026uuml;rk University Coordination Unit of Scientific Research Projects (Project No. 2020-8990).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s Contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDT designed the experiments. UD, DT and SO collected samples. UD and DT performed the experiments. UD and DT performed analysis. DT and SO drafted the manuscript. DT revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research was supported by the Atat\u0026uuml;rk University Coordination Unit of Scientific Research Projects (grant numbers: 2020-8990).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the Atat\u0026uuml;rk University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive and were approved by the relevant ethics committee (30 March 2023; ID: 2023/04).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAl-Sabbagh TA, Swanson LV, and Thompson JM, 1995. The effect of ewe body condition at lambing on colostral immunoglobulin G concentration and lamb performance. J Anim Sci. 73:2860\u0026ndash;2864\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlves AC, Alves NG, and Ascari IJ, 2015. Colostrum composition of Santa In\u0026ecirc;s sheep and passive transfer of immunity to lambs. J Dairy Sci. 98:3706\u0026ndash;3716.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBobbo T, Ruegg PL, and Stocco G, 2017. Associations between pathogen-specific cases of subclinical mastitis and milk yield, quality, protein composition, and cheese-making traits in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 100:4868\u0026ndash;4883.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChang SKC, and Zhang Y, 2017. Protein analysis. In: Nielsen SS (ed.) Food Anal. 2nd edn. Aspen Publishers, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 237\u0026ndash;263.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDagdelen U, and Esenbuga N, 2024. 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Nutr Res Rev. 8:67\u0026ndash;91.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHashemi M, Zamiri MJ, and Safdarian M, 2008. Effects of nutritional level during late pregnancy on colostral production and blood immunoglobulin levels of Karakul ewes and their lambs. Small Rumin Res. 75:204\u0026ndash;209.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe F, 2011. Laemmli-SDS-PAGE. Bio-101. e80. DOI:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.21769/BioProtoc.80\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.21769/BioProtoc.80\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Castellano LE, Almeida AM, and Ventosa M, 2014. The effect of colostrum intake on blood plasma proteome profile in newborn lambs: low abundance proteins. 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Arch Anim Nutr. 76:145\u0026ndash;158.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang FJ, and Sun MS, 2020. Enhancing the management and control of perioperative infection in small incision lenticule extraction. Chin J Ophthalm. 56:86\u0026ndash;88.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhou A, Chong Y, and Liu G, 2022. Changes in colostrum ingredients of Hu sheep, as well as the missense mutation genes associated with colostrum yield. Anim Biotechnol. 34:1492\u0026ndash;1504.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFormulation and chemical composition of experimental diets\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eItem\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConcentrate\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEwe\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLamb\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIngredient [g/kg DM of diet]\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBarley\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e368.7\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e454.9\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMeadow grass\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e122.4\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e279.8\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSoybean meal\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e188.6\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e154.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWheat bran\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e289.1\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDicalciumphosphate\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20.2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSalt\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eChemical composition [%]\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDry matter\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCrude fibre\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCrude protein\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAsh\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStarch\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e27.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEther extract\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.5\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.0\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCa\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.6\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.8\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eME (kcal/kg)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2600\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2800\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEffect of breed, age, body condition score and gender on growth performance until weaning and ewe weight (kg).\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBW\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eD33\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWW\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDWG\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEW\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.046\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.101\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.178\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.172\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.003\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBreed\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.266\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.097\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.065\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.049\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMorkaraman\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.89\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.062\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.180\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.322\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.156\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.1\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.06\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAwassi\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.52\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.105\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.189\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.337\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.159\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59.3\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.88\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTuj\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.31\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.068\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.171\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.305\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.177\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEwe age\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.35\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.078\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.08\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.169\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.34\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.302\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.189\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e45.5\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.63\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.78\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.072\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.25\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.223\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.57\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.399\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.155\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e57.6\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.76\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.111\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.76\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.231\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.08\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.413\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.191\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e62.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.89\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.88\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.112\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.59\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.195\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.16\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.348\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.164\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60.2\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.21\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6+\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.41\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.116\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.334\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.75\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.596\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.158\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52.6\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEwe BCS\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.089\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.037\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.217\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.413\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.095\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.53\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.197\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.346\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.180\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46.6\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.5\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.088\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.99\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.197\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.346\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.168\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e50.9\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.77\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.085\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.69\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.154\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.272\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.169\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58.3\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.5\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.125\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.67\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.278\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.490\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.181\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.010\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGender\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.008\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.317\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.068\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.144\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.256\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.182\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e56.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.95\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.060\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.129\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.230\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.161\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003ea, b, c: values in columns with different letters differ significantly (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); BCS: Body condition score; BW: Birth weight; D33: Weights at 33th day; WW: Weaning weights; DWG: Daily weight gain; EW: Ewe weight.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eThe effects of breed, sampling time after birth, and ewe age on protein content of ewe colostrum (g/dL)\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSerum albumin\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIgG heavy chain\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIgG light chain\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal IgG\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eα-casein\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eβ-casein\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eκ-casein\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eβ-lactoglobulin\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eα-lactalbumin\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal protein ratio\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDensity\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.284\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.277\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.057\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.427\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.019\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.704\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.067\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.159\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.032\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.273\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.038\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.491\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.043\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.739\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.015\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.445\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.189\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.328\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.463\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBreed\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.183\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.066\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.129\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.038\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.330\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.099\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.326\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMorkaraman\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.276\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.332\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.096\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.396\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.027\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.728\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.110\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.170\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.507\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.056\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.314\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.070\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.589\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.065\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.811\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.024\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.815\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.318\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.204\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.825\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAwassi\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.266\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.130\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.085\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.399\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.034\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.529\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.101\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.124\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.320\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.026\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.192\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.048\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.310\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.067\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.741\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.024\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.883\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.254\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16.605\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.642\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTuj\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.312\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.374\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.116\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.494\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.038\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.868\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.139\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.184\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.461\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.073\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.313\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.079\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.573\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.091\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.650\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.026\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.618\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.399\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.073\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.944\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHours\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.329\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.263\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.022\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.555\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.096\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.837\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.091\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.392\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.126\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.023\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.703\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.154\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.256\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.160\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.369\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.085\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.562\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.029\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12.201\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.471\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e30.485\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.032\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.341\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.015\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.352\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.109\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.382\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.034\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.734\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.179\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.024\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.485\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.090\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.379\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.102\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.108\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.112\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.790\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.044\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.922\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.354\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20.046\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.737\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e 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class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.233\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.066\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.146\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.409\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.059\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.039\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.258\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.072\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.739\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.036\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.127\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.198\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.931\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.289\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.015\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.782\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.061\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.362\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.022\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.144\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.062\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.168\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.020\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.412\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.060\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.051\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.196\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.071\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.743\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.043\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.019\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.205\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13.584\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.276\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e120\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.302\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.014\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.701\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.057\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.370\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.072\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.061\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.175\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.015\u003c/div\u003e 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\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12.983\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.344\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e144\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.287\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.014\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.608\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.059\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.443\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.021\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.050\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.062\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.170\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.015\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.280\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.049\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.087\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.051\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.063\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.834\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.034\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.675\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.216\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12.020\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.473\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEwe Age\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.477\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.879\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.448\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.763\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.002\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.243\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.776\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.032\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.057\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.239\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.273\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.277\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.010\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.342\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.109\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.460\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.030\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.801\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.124\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.180\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.521\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.055\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.307\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.068\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.665\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.084\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.758\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.029\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.003\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.350\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.563\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.942\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.286\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.203\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.116\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.427\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.032\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.630\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.124\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.158\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.014\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.352\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.060\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.265\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.089\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.448\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.087\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.791\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.033\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.207\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.362\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.736\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.759\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.310\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.021\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.182\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.150\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.376\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.047\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.558\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.176\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.166\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.017\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.417\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.089\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.264\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.101\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.270\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.101\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.655\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.034\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.877\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.497\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16.426\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.162\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.275\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.287\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.105\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.391\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.046\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.678\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.130\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.113\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.356\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.051\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.201\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.060\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.408\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.068\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.712\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.026\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.112\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.317\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.404\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.840\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6+\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.286\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.027\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.322\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.222\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.483\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.081\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.804\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.279\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.190\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.029\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.474\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.154\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.376\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.185\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.532\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.187\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.775\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.049\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.703\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.845\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.742\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.892\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea, b, c, d, e\u003c/sup\u003e: values in columns with different letters differ significantly (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); IgG: Immunoglobulin G\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCorrelation between the colostrum components and growth performance of the lambs.\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHour\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSA\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIgG HC\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIgG LC\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eT-IgG\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eα-C\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eβ-C\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eκ-C\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eβ-LG\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eα-LA\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eT-P\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDen\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBW\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.125\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.056\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.213\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.154\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.034\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.091\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.040\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.295\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.179\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.147\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.135\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.263\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.192\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.320\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.007\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.082\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.234\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.140\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.130\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.311\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.182\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.004\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.227\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.276\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.145\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.053\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.105\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.055\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.151\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.222\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.087\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.148\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.075\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.213\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.148\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.153\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.033\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.012\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.023\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.088\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.063\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.165\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.11\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.010\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.282\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.092\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.200\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.093\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.158\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.009\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.321\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.057\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.015\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e120\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.014\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.040\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.297\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.060\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.123\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.026\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.268\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.047\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.136\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.079\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.055\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e144\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.176\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.024\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.242\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.059\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.406*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.255\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.310\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.013\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.114\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.055\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.053\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eD33\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.145\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.559**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.594**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.670**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.078\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.126\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.441**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.387*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.298\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.502**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.339\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e 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colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.274\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.112\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.173\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.004\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.172\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.426*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.162\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.470**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.376*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.250\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.052\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.196\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.153\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.342\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.302\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.313\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.319\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.292\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.427*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e 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class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e96\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.228\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.180\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.348*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.302\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.129\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.131\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.265\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.120\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.137\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.175\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.456**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e120\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.140\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.227\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.244\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.293\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.468**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.448**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.336\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.160\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.024\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.284\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.605**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e144\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.138\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.233\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.404*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.356*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.416*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.561**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.148\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.179\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.178\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.322\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.574**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWW\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e 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align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.326\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.308\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.493**\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.311\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.110\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.245\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.017\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.247\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.002\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.201\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.079\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.157\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.210\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.027\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.039\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.205\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.265\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.231\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.330\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.365*\u003c/div\u003e 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class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.050\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.164\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.305\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.257\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.277\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.262\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.131\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.114\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.109\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.210\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026ndash;0.349*\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"13\"\u003e*: Significant (\u003cspan type=\"Italic\" class=\"Italic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); **: Highly significant (\u003cspan type=\"Italic\" class=\"Italic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01); SA: Serum albumin; IgG HC: IgG Heavy Chain; IgG LC: IgG Low Chain; T-IgG: Total IgG; α-C: α-Casein; β-C: β-Casein; κ-C: κ-Casein; β-LG: β-lactoglobulin; α-LA: α-lactalbumin; T-P: Total protein; Den: Density; BW: Birth weight; D33: Weights at 33th day; WW: Weaning weights.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"sheep colostrum, immunoglobulin G, colostrum protein composition, lamb growth performance, postpartum period, small ruminants","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8345779/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8345779/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigated the relationship between colostrum composition and lamb growth performance by monitoring temporal changes in key colostrum components during the first 144 hours postpartum. Colostrum samples were collected at 24-hour intervals from 60 ewes of the Morkaraman, Awassi, and Tuj breeds and analysed for protein composition, with particular emphasis on immunoglobulin G (IgG) heavy chain, β-lactoglobulin, κ-casein, total protein, and density. Lamb growth performance was assessed based on live weights recorded at birth, 33 days, and 66 days of age. A marked decline in colostrum IgG and β-lactoglobulin concentrations was observed after the first 24 hours postpartum, with IgG heavy chain levels decreasing from 2.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.096 g/dL at 2 hours to 0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.059 g/dL at 144 hours. In contrast, α-lactalbumin concentrations increased over time. Correlation analyses indicated significant positive associations between colostrum IgG heavy chain, κ-casein, and total IgG measured at early postpartum sampling points and lamb live weights at 33 and 66 days of age. These findings suggest that early colostrum protein composition may be associated with subsequent growth performance, underscoring the importance of appropriate colostrum management practices in sheep production systems.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Postpartum Changes in Colostrum Protein Composition and Lamb Growth Performance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-12 15:27:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8345779/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9e58dc52-f7bd-4cfb-90dc-db090a507f8a","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 12th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-23T21:41:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8345779","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-026-04962-6","journal":{"identity":"tropical-animal-health-and-production","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-05 00:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 5th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-12 15:27:54","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11250-026-04962-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-026-04962-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8345779","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8345779","identity":"rs-8345779","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}