Levels of Interleukin-35 changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in stage III periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives This parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the levels of IL-35 in periodontally healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients before and after the Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT). Methods: This trial was registered in Clinical trial registry-India (ref no.-REF/2020/03/032301). 60 patients included in the study with an equal allotment ratio for 3 groups of periodontally healthy (Group I), Group II (Gingivitis patients) and Group III (Stage III Periodontitis patients) were evaluated for clinical and biochemical parameters in GCF for levels of IL-35 through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were subjected to NSPT and the 3 months post therapy levels were examined.Results: Group III exhibited higher values of PPD (5.8500 mm), CAL (7.60), PI (2.8929) while lower PBI (2.1170) and GI (2.1085) scores as compared to Group II. The scores for all these parameters reduced significantly from baseline to 3 months in both the groups after NSPT. IL-35 levels in GCF differed across the groups with minimum values seen for Group III which increased incrementally to Group II and I. Also, the IL-35 levels in GCF significantly reduced from baseline to 3 months amongst Group II and III.Conclusion: The results indicate reduced GCF levels of IL-35 in Group II and III compared to Group I, thereby implying that IL-35 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.