Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of Juglans regia L. for stabilizing Pickering double emulsions

Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of Juglans regia L. for stabilizing Pickering double emulsions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of Juglans regia L. for stabilizing Pickering double emulsions Yu Dai, Huipeng Zhu, Qiuying Yao, Lu Wang, Xiaoyu Li, Dawei Gao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9460425/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study aimed to fabricate and characterize cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of Juglans regia L. (JR-CNCs) by acid hydrolysis method and evaluate their emulsified capacity on Pickering double emulsions (PDEs). Response surface optimization results showed that the optimal conditions for preparation of JR-CNCs were temperature of 45 ℃, time of 30 min, and acid/sample ratio of 20 mL/g, with the yield of 72.67%. The prepared JR-CNCs possessed the needle-like morphology, with an average length of 130.0 nm and an average diameter of 5.3 nm, and they had a crystallinity index of 88.28% and good thermal properties. Following that, JR-CNCs were used synergistically with sodium caseinate to stabilize PDEs at varying oil-to-water ratio, and the morphology, physicochemical properties, stability as well as simulated gastrointestinal digestive characteristics of which were investigated. The results demonstrated that among four kinds of emulsions, PDEs (8:2) exhibited the typical W/O/W structural feature and the elastic-dominated rheological behavior. Moreover, PDEs (8:2) possessed the excellent storage, centrifugal, thermal and freeze-thaw stability, which could relatively inhibit the occurrence of lipid oxidation. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion results showed that PDEs (8:2) presented the controlled-release properties. This study indicated that JR-CNCs possessed a significant potential as an eco-friendly stabilizer for preparation of food-grade emulsions. Cellulose nanocrystals Fabrication Characterization Pickering double emulsions Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 21 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 19 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9460425","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":629671515,"identity":"b1f6cdf6-01bb-4cdd-a85c-09776abfe061","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Dai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yanshan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Dai","suffix":""},{"id":629671516,"identity":"ffba1d1c-5783-4804-b48e-c4e893ce0d48","order_by":1,"name":"Huipeng Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yanshan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huipeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":629671517,"identity":"9ee893f1-63a9-4352-a1a1-9d37be52ae7e","order_by":2,"name":"Qiuying Yao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yanshan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiuying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yao","suffix":""},{"id":629671518,"identity":"c46f0c33-727e-4e07-8639-e93109f194e5","order_by":3,"name":"Lu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yanshan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":629671519,"identity":"caef40cf-1593-4b49-b0c2-e29821c6826a","order_by":4,"name":"Xiaoyu Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGhgMgBj+Ez0xYCxtMi2QD0VpgDIMDRGth5zE88KPicOLmG+nPJBgqrBMb2M8eIOAwtoSDPWcOJ267kWMmwXAmPbGBJy+BgBbmAwd428Ba2CQYgYwGCR4DAloYGw7+BarcPAPoMMZ/RGlhPnAYZMsGiQQzCcYGorSwJRyWOZNuPOPMG2OLhGPpxm08Ofi18POfMf74psJatr89/eGNDzVABvsZ/FqgoJmBQSCBgSGBASmmCIA6oH0HiFQ7CkbBKBgFIw4AALL8Q9uxJk0SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Yanshan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":629671520,"identity":"d519aaa9-e803-43d3-8f78-9da5a1f9256b","order_by":5,"name":"Dawei Gao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yanshan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dawei","middleName":"","lastName":"Gao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-19 08:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9460425/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9460425/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108183025,"identity":"c34e2d18-75a4-4ee1-989c-c2ca4e073378","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:59:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":605877,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DFBT.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9460425/v1_covered_979b9c71-42be-42c2-87b7-1da59ac93bc3.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of Juglans regia L. for stabilizing Pickering double emulsions","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"food-and-bioprocess-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Food and Bioprocess Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/11947)","snPcode":"11947","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11947/3","title":"Food and Bioprocess Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Cellulose nanocrystals, Fabrication, Characterization, Pickering double emulsions","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9460425/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9460425/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to fabricate and characterize cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of \u003cem\u003eJuglans regia\u003c/em\u003e L. 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