Long-term profound investigation of Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and indirect pesticide pollution in jute cropped-environmental ecosystem for dietary and ecological risk assessment

Jute is a healthy vegetable due to its high content of carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to its industrial utility. The purpose of this study was to look into the dissipation of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and to track indirect sources of pesticide accumulation in jute ecosystems for three years in a row during tropical monsoon seasons. To avoid the intake of residues over approved limits, a rapid extraction technique was developed to evaluate the residues of this herbicide (Whip-Super 9% EC) in jute leaves, fiber, cropped soil, and water. A modified QuEChERS approach based on liquid chromatography and UV-VIS detection was developed and successfully validated in accordance with SANCO requirements. GC-MS was used to examine fish and water samples from jute fields and retting pond for twenty widely used multi-class pesticide contaminations from indirect sources. Acceptable value of recoveries (100-115%) and relative standard deviations (RSD) (≤20) are observed. In edible jute leaves, independent of season, first-order kinetics of dissipation was recorded, with half-lives ranging from 0.61 to 0.68 days. Based on the findings of the risk assessment, it is feasible to conclude that the consumer health risks of ingesting jute leaves are insignificant, even on day zero, when used at the recommended amount, and that using jute bags for food packaging and storage is safe. But jute field water was found to be less polluted with indirect pesticides than water from a nearby jute retted pond. Fish samples from this jute retted pond water were also analysed and found to be 26% contaminated. The presence of quinalphos and chlorpyriphos in jute retting water and fish might pose a concern to consumer health and environmental eco-systems.