QuanDT: Quantum Digital Twin with Applications to Smart Grid

QuanDT: Quantum Digital Twin with Applications to Smart Grid | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article QuanDT: Quantum Digital Twin with Applications to Smart Grid Wenxuan Ma, Mengxiang Liu, Shang Yu, Kuan-cheng Chen, Yitian Zhou, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8261287/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Digital twins (DTs) offer high-fidelity digital mappings of physical systems, enabling real-time monitoring, control, and operation across various domains. In future smart grids, the establishment of DTs faces escalating computational challenges due to the involvement of millions of distributed energy resources (DERs), the integration of urban energy systems such as gas and heat networks, and numerous environmental uncertainties, compounded by the need for multiple types of millisecond or even microsecond transient simulation. Leveraging quantum entanglement-enabled parallelism, quantum computing has the promise to significantly speedup the solution of the complex algebraic and differential equations, which is central to DT simulation. Building on this premise, we introduce the concept of quantum digital twins (QuanDT) as an operational framework for integrating quantum computing into DT applications. A DC-DC buck converter is used as a simple but representative case to exemplify the operation of QuanDT in a closed-loop setting and provide a concrete starting point for extending the paradigm toward the QuanDT ecosystem framework in smart grids. Quantum-in-the-loop (QIL) experiments are conducted, in which the QuanDT is implemented via ideal quantum simulation on classical hardware, to illustrate the functionality and effectiveness when quantum computing resources become available and advantageous. We also investigate the application regimes and enabling conditions under which QuanDT may meaningfully benefit from quantum computing, delineating both its potential advantages and current limitations. Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files 3Supplementarymaterial.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8261287","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":577683253,"identity":"eb348903-3a57-4288-9378-34e09f24083e","order_by":0,"name":"Wenxuan Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenxuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":577683254,"identity":"6928370c-c3f9-4833-a689-2b74750298fb","order_by":1,"name":"Mengxiang Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Imperial College 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