Physical investigation of hydrodynamic properties of tsunami-like wave over an uneven coral reef with a seawall

Physical investigation of hydrodynamic properties of tsunami-like wave over an uneven coral reef with a seawall | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Physical investigation of hydrodynamic properties of tsunami-like wave over an uneven coral reef with a seawall Jun He, Ke Qu, Bin Deng, Chao Wang, Wei Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6910372/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Coral reefs in their natural state exhibit complex topographic and morphological characteristics. Moreover, recent anthropogenic engineering activities on coral reefs have accelerated changes in their topographic and geomorphic features, including artificial island construction and the creation of artificial excavation pits, which all contribute to an uneven reef flat. Previous research of coral reef wave hydrodynamics frequently simplified coral reef terrain as a step-like structure, overlooking the effects of uneven reef flats and neglecting the influence of human-engineered structures. As a necessary supplement, this study analyzed wave hydrodynamic properties of tsunami-like waves over an uneven coral reef with a seawall. Hydrodynamic influences of wave height and submergence water depth were analyzed in detail based on physical experiments. Besides, a numerical analysis was conducted on the hydrodynamic impacts of reef-step dimensions on wave hydrodynamics of tsunami-like waves. Research findings of present study indicate that tsunami-like waves will undergo complex transforming and breaking at the uneven reef flat. The tsunami-like waves will experience a surging breaker at the outer-reef flat and a plunging breaker at the inner-reef flat. Moreover, backwash water can be generated at the vertical seawall, resulting in additional wave reflection in addition to that occurring at the forereef slope. tsunami waves uneven coral reef wave flume physical experiment numerical modelling Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6910372","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":476579228,"identity":"c6b46876-fed9-4a99-8976-1877faf3b58c","order_by":0,"name":"Jun He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jun","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":476579229,"identity":"3f601481-e547-49ff-a7be-72936df00bb2","order_by":1,"name":"Ke Qu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAu0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQYGxgdIHOK0MBuAGDykaGGTIE2LZHuOWcWPP4ft7RmYD97mYbDLI6hFmueN2c3etsOJPQxsydY8DMnFBLXISeSY3WZsOJzAw8BjJs3DcCCxgRgtxQxAh/Ew8H8jTos0UAszA9thxh4GHjbitEj2PCuW7G1LT+w5zGZsOccgmbAWiePJGz/8+GNtz97e/PDGmwo7wloYGBKgNDOIMCCsHknLKBgFo2AUjAJcAACT+zJ338OdMQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ke","middleName":"","lastName":"Qu","suffix":""},{"id":476579230,"identity":"60085d3d-52d5-499f-b19e-685db3e1c409","order_by":2,"name":"Bin Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bin","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":476579231,"identity":"99736169-467c-4d14-a23e-4a299832b56d","order_by":3,"name":"Chao Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":476579232,"identity":"3ad40495-0d21-481d-9ac8-792a2f3dc13e","order_by":4,"name":"Wei Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-17 05:08:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6910372/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6910372/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-026-00466-5","type":"published","date":"2026-02-14T15:58:27+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102785360,"identity":"edf523f8-c1f0-42a1-9bd0-aa3a3a23a378","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-16 16:05:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1415027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paper2025solreefseawallfinal20250616clean.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6910372/v1_covered_9c370227-2c9f-4c11-8fa5-11181aa9ca42.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Physical investigation of hydrodynamic properties of tsunami-like wave over an uneven coral reef with a seawall","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-ocean-engineering-and-marine-energy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oeme","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy](http://link.springer.com/journal/40722)","snPcode":"40722","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40722/3","title":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"tsunami waves, uneven coral reef, wave flume, physical experiment, numerical modelling ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6910372/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6910372/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Coral reefs in their natural state exhibit complex topographic and morphological characteristics. 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