Building soil and plant resilience: An integrated program to manage Monosporascus root rot on cucurbit crops

Building soil and plant resilience: An integrated program to manage Monosporascus root rot on cucurbit crops | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Building soil and plant resilience: An integrated program to manage Monosporascus root rot on cucurbit crops ibtissem ben salem, Abdelhak Rhouma, Mahmoud M’Hamdi, Naima Boughalleb-M’Hamdi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9319897/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Monosporascus root rot and vine decline (MRRVD), caused by Monosporascus cannonballus , is a destructive soil-borne disease threatening cucurbit production worldwide, particularly in arid regions. While organic amendments, grafting, and crop rotation are individually recognized as beneficial practices, their combined efficacy under field conditions remains inadequately studied. This two-year field study (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) evaluated as an integrated management strategy for five cucurbit crops (melon, grafted melon, watermelon, grafted watermelon, and squash) by combining three doses of organic manure (0, 20, 40, and 60 T/Ha) with crop sequencing. Our results demonstrated that the integration of grafting with a high dose of organic amendment (60 T/Ha) was most effective in reducing the pathogen. For grafted melon plots amended with 60 T/Ha, the population dynamics of M. cannonballus ascospores remained stable throughout the growing season (1.72–1.77 asc/g soil from 15 to 90 days after transplanting), whereas non-grafted and non amended plots showed significant increases, reaching up to 2.60 asc/g soil in watermelon. Disease incidence and root lesion severity were significantly decreased in grafted plants receiving 60 T/Ha amendments. Furthermore, this combination consistently improved yield and fruit quality parameters, including fruit number, weight, firmness, and sugar concentration. The most beneficial crop sequence involved alternating squash with grafted cucurbits. The synergistic integration of grafting, high-rate organic amendment, and crop sequencing provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing MRRVD in field-grown cucurbits. Crop sequence Soil organic amendment Grafting Ascospore dynamics Monosporascus cannonballus Cucurbitaceae Sustainable Agriculture Figures Figure 1 Introduction Monosporascus root rot and vine decline (MRRVD), caused by ascomycete Monosporascus cannonballus (Pollack & Uecker 1974 ), is a cucurbit crops devastating disease characterized by sudden canopy collapse and root necrosis nearly harvest, often leading to complete crop loss. The disease is particularly severe in arid and semi-arid cucurbit growing regions worldwide (Cavalcante et al. 2020 ). MRRVD identified on melons in the 1970s, has since been documented in 22 countries (Cavalcante et al. 2020 ) across arid and semi-arid production regions, causing significant and persistent threat to melon and watermelon crops (Rhouma et al. 2019 ). M. cannonballus have been reported as pathogenic to the Cucurbitaceae (Slebi and Al-Juboory 2024 ) and can infect and produce perithecia in non-cucurbit species (Ben Salem et al., 2015a ). Al-Daghari et al. ( 2020 ) pointed out that root system of a single mature cantaloupe plant infected by M. cannonballus could support approximately 400.000 ascospores. Thus, this pathogen has a great potential to maintain and/or increase its inoculums in the soil of cucurbits crops (Ben Salem et al. 2025 ). Appropriate strategies against disease development are mainly ‘activities that reduce the size of the pathogen population’. Soil-borne plant pathogens management is problematic and is currently based on the combination of different strategies, with varying degrees of success (Ben Salem et al. 2015a , b ). Reducing the amount of initial inoculums in the soil can be achieved by crop sequencing, grafting and amendment with organic manures (Cavalcante et al. 2020 ). The impact of environmental factors on symptoms expression of MRRVD makes it difficult to determine resistance sources that have been evaluated in different conditions (Castro et al. 2020). Grafted plants are more vigorous and productive, showing an improved agronomic performance due to better disease tolerance at various environmental stresses, such as soil type, high soil salinity, low temperatures and humidity (Rhouma et al. 2019 ). In Tunisia, watermelon grafting was first used against Fusarium wilt and MRRVD (Jebari et al. 2009 ). Grafting of melon and watermelon onto hybrid Cucurbita rootstocks represents a promising management strategy against MRRVD (Ben Salem et al. 2015a , b ). Ben Salem et al. ( 2015a ) concluded that grafting, used alone against M. cannonballus , significantly reduced disease incidence compared to untreated plots under field conditions. The combination of soil fungicide application and grafting provided reliable results and MRRVD incidence was always the lowest (Ben Salem et al. 2015b ). In Spain, watermelon plants grafted onto Cucurbita rootstocks have replaced muskmelon and watermelon crops in major open-field cucurbit production areas where M. cannonballus is present (Beltrán et al., 2008). Bruton ( 1998 ) pointed out that for MRRVD, inadequate or absence of crop rotation has more likely contributed to disease severity by M. cannonballus inoculum building-up in soil. Ben Salem et al. ( 2015a ) demonstrated the potential of crop sequences on MRRVD incidence and soil population dynamics of M. cannonballus ascospores. Organic amendments were commonly used for agricultural production due to their abilities to improve plant health (Fallah et al. 2023). The effect of organic amendments on soil physical, chemical and biological parameters has been narrowly studied against M. cannonballus . However, organic amendments can reduce different plant diseases (Benaffari et al. 2022 ). Several studies have shown that organic amendments could manage soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Sclerotinia spp., leading to interesting and promising results (Al Mawaali et al., 2016 ). Boughalleb-M’Hamdi et al. ( 2016 ) noted that soil suppressiveness was reliably related to soil microorganisms and its activities. For this reason, the effects of organic amendments on soil microbiota is a key issue for understanding the role of this old management practice on disease suppression (Marquez et al. 2023 ). Soil suppression occurs when large numbers of different microorganisms compete with pathogens to reduce its survival. Organic matter and compost could be very effective in reducing phytopathogens such as species of these genera Fusarium , Phytophthora , Pythium , and Rhizoctonia (Marra et al. 2022 ). Benaffari et al. ( 2022 ) and Fallah et al. (2023) revealed that soil amendments show a significant improvement in the resistance mechanisms of plants against pathogens. Therefore, this investigation aimed to determine the combined efficacy of organic amendment doses, grafting, and crop sequencing on reducing M. cannonballus ascospore density and MRRVD incidence, and on improving yield, for five cucurbit crops over two growing seasons. Materials and Methods Site description and experimental design The two-years field study was conducted during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons at the experimental station of the High Institute of Agronomy in Chott Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia (35°56'268"N, 10°33'648"E). The selected plot (3000 m 2 : 50 m x 60 m) had a long history of MRRVD and had been previously cultivated with potato and various Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae species (Ben Salem et al. 2015a , b ; Rhouma et al. 2019 ). The experimental design was a complete randomized block (CRB) with three replications, incorporating five cucurbit crops and four organic manure doses as factors. Five cucurbit treatments were evaluated: melon cv. Afamia (M), melon cv. Afamia grafted onto Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata rootstock cv. Strongtoza (GM), watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet (W), watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet grafted onto the same Strongtoza rootstock (GW), and squash cv. Super Jadida (S). Each crop treatment was combined with one of four soil amendment levels: 0 (untreated control, T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) tons of organic manure per hectare (T/Ha), which was incorporated into the soil prior to planting. For the first season (2013/14), a total of 60 subplots (5 crops × 4 amendments × 3 replications) were established, with each subplot measuring 14.4 m² and containing two rows of six plants (12 plants total), spaced at 1.5 m between bed centers and 0.80 m within rows. For the second season (2014/15), a crop sequence was imposed by rotating the crops in each subplot according to a predetermined scheme to evaluate all possible sequence combinations: watermelon (2013/14) was followed by melon (2014/15), grafted watermelon by watermelon, melon by grafted watermelon, squash by grafted melon, and grafted melon by squash. The field was drip-irrigated, and standard agronomic practices for cucurbit production in the region were followed in both seasons. Soil sampling and ascospore quantification Soil samples were collected from each subplot at six time points during each growing season: 15 (E1), 30 (E2), 45 (E3), 60 (E4), 75 (E5), and 90 (E6) days after transplanting (DAT). Soil samples (500 g) were taken using a 7-cm-diameter soil auger at 2-m intervals along transects randomly in zigzag at 10–20 cm depth. Nine cores per subplot were taken at a depth of 10–20 cm using a 7-cm-diameter auger, mixed to form a composite sample, air-dried, and sieved (2-mm mesh) (Rhouma et al. 2019 ). M. cannonballus ascospores were extracted according to the method described by Stanghellini and Rasmussen ( 1992 ). Each sample was passed through a 250 µm sieve. A 20 g subsample was mixed with 200 mL water, agitated on a magnetic stirrer for 5 min, and washed through nested 75 and 30 µm sieves. The material retained on the 30 µm sieve was centrifuged at 2000 g for 4 min. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was re-suspended in 30–40 mL of 50% sucrose and centrifuged for 2 min at 2000×g. Ascospores and other materials floating or suspended in the sucrose were decanted onto the 30 µm sieves and washed into a clean centrifuge tube. A second sucrose extraction was performedon the residual soil pellet to salvage spores not recovered during the first extraction. The resulting suspension from the second extraction was added to the first, and the combined suspension was stored in a small quantity of water at 4°C until analyzed. Characteristic ascospores were enumerated in the water under a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 60. Plant health assessment MRRVD incidence (DI) was assessed on the same sampling dates as the number of symptomatic plants expressed as a percentage of the total plants in each subplot: DI (%) = (Total No. of symptomatic plants/ Total No. of plants) x 100 (Ben Salem et al. 2015a ; b ; Rhouma et al. 2018). At the end of each season, three plants per subplot were carefully uprooted, and their root systems were washed and rated for disease severity using a root disease index (RDI) on a 0–5 scale, where 0 = no symptoms; 1 = 25% root surface with lesions, 2 = 50% root surface with lesions, 3 = 75% root surface with lesions, 4 = roots extensively decayed, and 5 = roots badly decayed (Sales et al. 2001 ). For pathogen isolation, surface-disinfected root fragments were placed on Potato Dextrose Agar amended with streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain; PDAS) (100mg/L PDA) and incubated at 25°C in darkness for 7 days (Rhouma et al. 2018). Yield and fruit quality evaluation At harvest (approximately 110 days after planting), the fruits from the twelve plants per subplot were collected to determine the number of fruits per plant (fruits/plant) and total fruit yield (kg/plant). For melon and watermelon plots (grafted and non-grafted), three randomly selected fruits per subplot were used to assess fruit quality (sugar concentration and firmness). Fruit firmness was measured using a TA-XT II texture analyzer with a 2-mm probe, and total soluble solids (sugar concentration, °Brix) were determined with a hand refractometer (Umer et al. 2020 ). Statistical analysis The data for ascospore density, disease incidence, root disease index, and yield parameters were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS 20.0 software. The statistical model included the fixed effects of crop, organic amendment dose, sampling date, and their interactions. When ANOVA indicated significant effects (P < 0.05), treatment means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test. Relationships among the measured variables (ascospore density, DI, RDI) were further explored using principal component analysis (PCA) performed with XLSTAT-2017 software. Results Impact of grafting, organic amendment, and strategic crop sequencing on M. cannonballus ascospore population dynamics Analysis of M. cannonballus ascospore population dynamics at 2013/2014 growing season, revealed highly significant effects of crop type, organic manure dose, sampling date, and their interactions (P < 0.01). The highest ascospores densities were consistently observed for non-grafted cucurbits, with watermelon plots reaching 2.90 asc/g soil at 90 DAT under non amended conditions, while melon plots exhibited similarly high levels, reaching 2.43 asc/g soil in control plots. In contrast, grafted melon amended with the highest organic manure dose (60 T/Ha), demonstrated exceptional suppression of pathogen proliferation, maintaining a stable ascospore density range of 1.72 to 1.77 asc/g soil across all sampling intervals (15–90 DAT) with no significant increase from the initial ascospore level. Squash consistently supported the lowest overall ascospore populations, approximately 1.6 asc/g soil across amendments, though it still showed a gradual temporal increase to 1.78 asc/g soil at 90 DAT. Notably, organic amendment at 60 T/Ha generally reduced or stabilized ascospore densities across all crops, with the most pronounced effect observed in grafted melon, where ascospore levels were 12% lower than non amended grafted melon plots at by the end of the assay (Table 1 ). Table 1 Population dynamics of M. cannonballus ascospores (asc/g soil) at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season Growing seasons 2013/2014 Crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Means P-value GM Control 1.92 ± 0.13a a AB b 1.86 ± 0.11aAB 1.75 ± 0.26abB 1.83 ± 0.26aAB 1.92 ± 0.08aAB 1.94 ± 0.08aA 1.87 e NS 20 1.9 ± 0.04aA 1.89 ± 0.04aA 1.89 ± 0.18aA 1.75 ± 0.02aB 1.83 ± 0.08bAB 1.93 ± 0.2aA 1.87 NS 40 1.78 ± 0.11bB 1.74 ± 0.09bB 1.77 ± 0.06abB 1.77 ± 0.16aB 1.84 ± 0.09bAB 1.89 ± 0.11abA 1.80 NS 60 1.72 ± 0.06bAB 1.44 ± 0.14Cc 1.67 ± 0.07bB 1.68 ± 0.08aB 1.7 ± 0.03cAB 1.77 ± 0.05bA 1.66 ** Means 1.83 d 1.73 1.77 1.76 1.82 1.88 nd nd P-value c ** ** NS NS ** * nd nd GW Control 1.9 ± 0.05aAB 1.41 ± 0.06dD 1.74 ± 0.05aC 1.84 ± 0.07aB 1.91 ± 0.05aA 1.94 ± 0.07aA 1.79 ** 20 1.78 ± 0.07bB 1.74 ± 0.07aB 1.73 ± 0.03aB 1.74 ± 0.06bB 1.84 ± 0.03bA 1.88 ± 0.05abA 1.79 ** 40 1.94 ± 0.12aA 1.62 ± 0.1bC 1.66 ± 0.13bC 1.81 ± 0.09abB 1.84 ± 0.07bAB 1.9 ± 0.05abAB 1.80 ** 60 1.54 ± 0.08cC 1.5 ± 0.09cC 1.64 ± 0.04bB 1.83 ± 0.09aA 1.84 ± 0.06bA 1.85 ± 0.12bA 1.70 ** Means 1.79 1.57 1.69 1.81 1.86 1.89 nd nd P-value ** ** * NS * NS nd nd M Control 1.98 ± 0.11abC 1.8 ± 0.12abD 1.46 ± 0.06abE 1.78 ± 0.07bD 2.26 ± 0.10aB 2.43 ± 0.17abA 1.95 ** 20 2.03 ± 0.45aB 1.92 ± 0.17aB 1.58 ± 0.29aC 1.86 ± 0.13bBC 1.99 ± 0.43bB 2.38 ± 0.16abA 1.96 ** 40 1.78 ± 0.09bcD 1.67 ± 0.17bcD 1.39 ± 0.08bE 2.06 ± 0.1aC 2.17 ± 0.16abB 2.45 ± 0.08aA 1.92 ** 60 1.66 ± 0.16cC 1.6 ± 0.13cC 1.3 ± 0.10bD 2.06 ± 0.06aB 2.3 ± 0.10aA 2.3 ± 0.13bA 1.87 ** Means 1.86 1.75 1.43 1.94 2.18 2.39 nd nd P-value * ** * ** NS NS nd nd W Control 1.76 ± 0.04bD 1.7 ± 0.09aD 1.55 ± 0.05aE 2.03 ± 0.08bC 2.37 ± 0.08aB 2.90 ± 0.22aA 2.05 ** 20 1.87 ± 0.04aC 1.53 ± 0.05bD 1.28 ± 0.09cE 1.89 ± 0.05cC 2.28 ± 0.16abB 2.53 ± 0.18bA 1.90 ** 40 1.78 ± 0.11bC 1.57 ± 0.11bD 1.35 ± 0.07bcE 1.8 ± 0.09dC 2.22 ± 0.07bB 2.54 ± 0.19bA 1.88 ** 60 1.77 ± 0.04bC 1.73 ± 0.04aC 1.36 ± 0.05bD 2.24 ± 0.07aB 2.26 ± 0.12abB 2.41 ± 0.04bA 1.96 ** Means 1.80 1.63 1.39 1.99 2.28 2.60 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** NS ** nd nd S Control 1.66 ± 0.09aC 1.47 ± 0.14bD 1.38 ± 0.12bD 1.71 ± 0.07aBC 1.76 ± 0.05aB 1.88 ± 0.04aA 1.64 ** 20 1.57 ± 0.08bC 1.45 ± 0.08bD 1.37 ± 0.05bE 1.69 ± 0.08abB 1.75 ± 0.06aA 1.77 ± 0.04bA 1.60 ** 40 1.63 ± 0.04abB 1.58 ± 0.07aB 1.48 ± 0.08aC 1.62 ± 0.05bB 1.63 ± 0.07bB 1.71 ± 0.05cA 1.61 ** 60 1.66 ± 0.09aB 1.43 ± 0.08bC 1.46 ± 0.11abC 1.65 ± 0.10abB 1.73 ± 0.04aAB 1.77 ± 0.07bA 1.62 ** Means 1.63 1.48 1.42 1.67 1.72 1.78 nd nd P-value NS * * NS ** ** nd nd Crops Doses of organic manure Sampling date Crops* Sampling date Doses of organic manure* Sampling date Crops* Doses of organic manure Crops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date ** ** ** ** ** ** ** a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (Small letters are for comparison of means in the same column). b Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (Capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row). c Probabilities associated with individual F tests. d Mean values of ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses. e Mean values of ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates. **: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined. During the 2014/2015 growing season, which introduced crop sequencing, ascospore densities were again significantly influenced by crop, previous crop, organic amendment, and sampling date (P < 0.01), with overall population levels generally higher than in the previous season, reflecting cumulative inoculum buildup. The most detrimental crop sequence was observed when melon followed watermelon, which resulted in the highest ascospore density (2.33 asc/g soil), and plots reached as high as 2.87 asc/g soil at non amended melon following watermelon. Conversely, strategic sequences involving grafted plants and squash significantly suppressed pathogen populations: the grafted watermelon/squash sequence yielded only 1.75 asc/g soil, while the squash/grafted melon sequence produced 1.76 asc/g soil—both values among the lowest recorded. Organic amendment at 60 T/Ha again proved most effective, particularly in grafted melon following squash, where it maintained ascospore stability throughout the season and in the squash/grafted melon sequence, which showed an 8% reduction in ascospore density compared to its non amended control when amended at 40 T/Ha (1.69 vs. 1.84 asc/g soil). Importantly, non-grafted watermelon and melon sequences, regardless of amendment, consistently exhibited the highest final ascospore counts, exceeding 2.60 asc/g soil by 90 DAT, underscoring the limited durability of organic amendment alone without grafting or careful crop rotation (Table 2 ). Table 2 Population dynamics of M. cannonballus ascospores (asc/g soil) at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season Growing seasons 2014/2015 Crops Previous crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Means P-value GM S Control 1.9 ± 0.05a a A b 1.83 ± 0.07aB 1.72 ± 0.05aC 1.74 ± 0.04aC 1.91 ± 0.1aA 1.95 ± 0.08aA 1.84 d ** 20 1.73 ± 0.09bB 1.69 ± 0.06bBC 1.64 ± 0.05bC 1.63 ± 0.04cC 1.8 ± 0.06bA 1.83 ± 0.08abA 1.72 ** 40 1.66 ± 0.04bC 1.58 ± 0.07cD 1.56 ± 0.1cD 1.72 ± 0.08bBC 1.77 ± 0.06bB 1.86 ± 0.05abA 1.69 ** 60 1.74 ± 0.2bA 1.73 ± 0.1bA 1.67 ± 0.05abA 1.72 ± 0.07bA 1.77 ± 0.05bA 1.8 ± 0.21bA 1.74 NS Means 1.76 e 1.71 1.65 1.70 1.81 1.86 nd nd P-value c ** ** ** * ** NS nd nd GW M Control 2.38 ± 0.04abABC 2.33 ± 0.07aCD 2.29 ± 0.05aD 2.34 ± 0.06abBC 2.4 ± 0.04aAB 2.41 ± 0.06abA 2.36 ** 20 2.34 ± 0.07bB 2.31 ± 0.06aBC 2.27 ± 0.06aC 2.3 ± 0.05bBC 2.37 ± 0.06aAB 2.43 ± 0.1aA 2.34 ** 40 2.42 ± 0.08aAB 2.35 ± 0.11aBC 2.31 ± 0.07aD 2.39 ± 0.07aABC 2.44 ± 0.11aAB 2.48 ± 0.1aA 2.40 * 60 2.26 ± 0.08cABC 2.22 ± 0.08bBC 2.12 ± 0.07bD 2.18 ± 0.09cCD 2.29 ± 0.08bAB 2.33 ± 0.08bA 2.23 ** Means 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.30 2.38 2.41 nd nd P-value ** * ** ** ** * nd nd M W Control 2.77 ± 0.07aA 2.18 ± 0.05bC 1.77 ± 0.13bE 1.98 ± 0.18bD 2.41 ± 0.07aB 2.87 ± 0.19aA 2.33 ** 20 2.5 ± 0.1bB 2 ± 0.08cD 1.54 ± 0.18cE 2.05 ± 0.06bD 2.33 ± 0.03bC 2.62 ± 0.06bA 2.17 ** 40 2.55 ± 0.13bA 2.38 ± 0.07aB 1.71 ± 0.18bD 1.98 ± 0.11bC 2.39 ± 0.06aB 2.64 ± 0.12bA 2.28 ** 60 2.38 ± 0.07cBC 2.14 ± 0.1bD 2.05 ± 0.06aD 2.28 ± 0.04aC 2.42 ± 0.02aAB 2.49 ± 0.23bA 2.29 ** Means 2.55 2.18 1.77 2.07 2.39 2.66 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** * ** nd nd W GW Control 1.87 ± 0.05aD 1.76 ± 0.07bE 1.43 ± 0.08bcF 2.4 ± 0.07bC 2.81 ± 0.06aB 2.97 ± 0.04aA 2.21 ** 20 1.77 ± 0.05bD 1.67 ± 0.06cE 1.59 ± 0.1aF 2.22 ± 0.08cC 2.44 ± 0.05cB 2.7 ± 0.06cA 2.07 ** 40 1.9 ± 0.09aC 1.87 ± 0.05aC 1.39 ± 0.09cD 2.65 ± 0.08aB 2.67 ± 0.08bB 2.84 ± 0.05bA 2.22 ** 60 1.83 ± 0.06abC 1.73 ± 0.1bcD 1.5 ± 0.09bE 2.25 ± 0.08cB 2.33 ± 0.07dA 2.38 ± 0.05dA 2.00 ** Means 1.84 1.76 1.48 2.38 2.56 2.72 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** ** ** nd nd S GM Control 1.88 ± 0.09abBC 1.83 ± 0.1aCD 1.79 ± 0.11aD 1.9 ± 0.07aBC 1.94 ± 0.07aAB 2.01 ± 0.08aA 1.89 ** 20 1.92 ± 0.05aAB 1.53 ± 0.11cD 1.5 ± 0.11cD 1.63 ± 0.1cC 1.85 ± 0.12aB 1.96 ± 0.09abA 1.73 ** 40 1.83 ± 0.07bA 1.6 ± 0.09cC 1.56 ± 0.08bcC 1.67 ± 0.08bcB 1.74 ± 0.09bB 1.87 ± 0.08bA 1.71 ** 60 1.73 ± 0.08cAB 1.7 ± 0.12bAB 1.64 ± 0.08bB 1.74 ± 0.12bAB 1.76 ± 0.06bA 1.77 ± 0.14cA 1.72 NS Means 1.84 1.67 1.62 1.74 1.82 1.90 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** ** ** nd nd Crops Doses of organic manure Sampling date Crops* Sampling date Doses of organic manure* Sampling date Crops* Doses of organic manure Crops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date ** ** ** ** ** ** ** a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (Small letters are for comparison of means in the same column). b Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (Capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row). c Probabilities associated with individual F tests. d Mean values of ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates. e Mean values of ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses. **: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined. Effect on disease incidence and severity The results obtained for 2013/2014 growing season demonstrated clearly that both crop type and organic amendment rate had highly significant effects (P < 0.01) on MRRVD incidence. Non-grafted, susceptible crops like watermelon and melon exhibited severe disease progression, with final incidences reaching devastating levels of 92.59 and 94.44% in non amended control plots, respectively. However, grafted plants showed greater tolerance; for instance, grafted melon and grafted watermelon in control plots reached only 50% incidence by 90 DAT. The application of organic manure, particularly at the highest rate of 60 T/Ha, provided substantial disease suppression across all crops. This effect was most pronounced in squash, which recorded the lowest overall incidence of only 5.25% at 60 T/Ha. For melon, the 60 T/Ha amendments reduced final disease incidence from 92.59 to 62.96%, a reduction of nearly 30%. Similarly, in grafted melon, the high amendment rate reduced incidence from 50 to 25.93%. The data shows a consistent trend: disease incidence increased progressively over the sampling period (E1 to E6) for all treatments, but the rate of increase was dramatically slowed by the combination of grafting and high-dose organic amendment (Table 3 ). Table 3 Disease incidence of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline (%) at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season Growing seasons 2013/2014 Crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Means P-value GM c Control 1.85 ± 0.26a a D b 3.7 ± 0.30aD 5.56 ± 0.32aD 20.37 ± 0.41aC 35.19 ± 0.40abB 50 ± 0.38aA 19.45 d ** 20 0 ± 0aD 1.85 ± 0.26aD 1.85 ± 0.26aD 18.52 ± 0.35aC 38.89 ± 0.32aB 53.7 ± 0.41aA 19.14 ** 40 0 ± 0aB 0 ± 0aB 3.7 ± 0.3aB 7.41 ± 0.33bB 27.78 ± 0.38bA 31.48 ± 0.44bA 11.73 ** 60 0 ± 0aC 0 ± 0aC 0 ± 0aC 5.56 ± 0.32bC 16.67 ± 0.32cB 25.93 ± 0.33bA 8.03 ** Means 0.46 e 1.39 2.78 12.97 29.63 40.28 nd nd P-value c NS NS * ** ** ** nd nd GW Control 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0D 5.56 ± 0.32aD 20.37 ± 0.37aC 31.48 ± 0.4aB 50 ± 0.42aA 17.9 ** 20 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0D 3.70 ± 0.3aD 18.52 ± 0.26abC 27.78 ± 0.32aB 48.15 ± 0.35aA 16.36 ** 40 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0D 3.70 ± 0.3aCD 9.26 ± 0.39bcC 18.52 ± 0.26bB 37.04 ± 0.37bA 11.42 ** 60 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0D 1.85 ± 0.26aCD 7.41 ± 0.33cBC 11.11 ± 0.32bB 29.63 ± 0.3bA 8.33 ** Means 0 0 3.7 13.89 22.22 41.21 nd nd P-value nd nd * * ** ** nd nd M Control 0 ± 0F 11.11 ± 0.32aE 29.63 ± 0.37aD 61.11 ± 0.38aC 79.63 ± 0.37aB 92.59 ± 0.33aA 45.68 ** 20 0 ± 0F 12.96 ± 0.37aE 31.48 ± 0.26aD 51.85 ± 0.44abC 81.48 ± 0.55aB 94.44 ± 0.32aA 45.37 ** 40 0 ± 0E 16.67 ± 0.32aD 25.93 ± 0.39abD 42.59 ± 0.33bC 62.96 ± 0.47bB 77.78 ± 0.32bA 37.66 ** 60 0 ± 0D 7.41 ± 0.33aD 18.52 ± 0.4bC 22.22 ± 0.38cC 40.74 ± 0.33cB 62.96 ± 0.3cA 25.31 ** Means 0 12.04 26.39 44.44 66.2 81.94 nd nd P-value nd * * ** ** ** nd nd W Control 22.22 ± 0.32aE 24.07 ± 0.39aE 37.04 ± 0.3aD 57.41 ± 0.33aC 87.04 ± 0.30aB 98.15 ± 0.26aA 54.32 ** 20 12.96 ± 0.3bE 18.52 ± 0.26abE 33.33 ± 0.38aD 51.85 ± 0.35aC 74.07 ± 0.33bB 94.44 ± 0.32aA 47.53 ** 40 11.11 ± 0.32bE 14.81 ± 0.26bE 22.22 ± 0.32bD 38.89 ± 0.32bC 62.96 ± 0.30cB 79.63 ± 0.3bA 38.27 ** 60 9.26 ± 0.33bE 12.96 ± 0.3bDE 18.52 ± 0.26bD 37.04 ± 0.37bC 59.26 ± 0.33cB 70.37 ± 0.30cA 34.57 ** Means 13.89 17.59 27.78 46.3 70.83 85.65 nd nd P-value * * ** ** ** ** nd nd S Control 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 18.52 ± 0.4aB 25.93 ± 0.33aAB 33.33 ± 0.42aA 12.96 ** 20 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 14.81 ± 0.4abB 20.37 ± 0.41abB 31.48 ± 0.4abA 11.11 ** 40 0 ± 0B 0 ± 0B 0 ± 0B 5.56 ± 0.32bcB 18.52 ± 0.4abA 24.07 ± 0.33abA 8.03 ** 60 0 ± 0B 0 ± 0B 0 ± 0B 1.85 ± 0.26cB 11.11 ± 0.38bA 18.52 ± 0.44bA 5.25 ** Means 0 0 0 10.19 18.98 26.85 nd nd P-value nd nd nd ** NS NS nd nd Crops Doses of organic manure Sampling date Crops* Sampling date Doses of organic manure* Sampling date Crops* Doses of organic manure Crops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date ** ** ** ** ** ** * a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column). b Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row). c Probabilities associated with individual F tests. i Mean values of the disease incidence percent in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates. j Mean values of the disease incidence percentin the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses. **: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined. In case of 2014/2015 growing season, which introduced the critical variable of crop sequence, disease incidence remained significantly influenced by crop, previous crop, organic amendment, and their interactions (P < 0.01). The data revealed the powerful impact of sequencing. The most damaging sequences involved planting highly susceptible crops after one another; for example, when melon was planted following watermelon in non amended soil, disease incidence reached 100% at 90 DAT. Conversely, sequences that broke the cycle of susceptible hosts provided clear benefits. Planting squash after grafted melon resulted in the lowest disease pressure, with a final incidence of only 22.22% even at the 60 T/Ha. The beneficial effect of the previous crop is evident: when grafted watermelon followed melon, its final incidence was 27.78% at 60 T/Ha, which was substantially lower than when non-grafted watermelon followed grafted watermelon (68.52% at 60 T/Ha). Once again, the 60 T/Ha organic amendment dose proved most effective at mitigating disease across all sequence combinations. For instance, in the challenging sequence of watermelon following grafted watermelon, the amendment reduced incidence from 100 to 68.52%. These results underscored that while organic amendment and grafting are individually beneficial, their integration with strategic crop sequencing, specifically avoiding consecutive plantings of susceptible non-grafted cucurbits, is essential for achieving the lowest possible disease incidence in fields with a history of MRRVD (Table 4 ). Table 4 Disease incidence of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season Growing seasons 2014/2015 Crops Previous crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) E1 b E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Means P-value GM S Control 3.7 ± 0.3a a C b 5.56 ± 0.32aC 9.26 ± 0.33aC 29.63 ± 0.30aB 38.89 ± 0.45aB 59.26 ± 0.33aA 24.38 d ** 20 1.85 ± 0.26aC 3.7 ± 0.3aC 9.26 ± 0.33aBC 16.67 ± 0.42bB 44.44 ± 0.45aA 48.15 ± 0.47abA 20.68 ** 40 0 ± 0aC 0 ± 0aC 7.41 ± 0.33aBC 14.81 ± 0.40bB 31.48 ± 0.47abA 35.19 ± 0.47bcA 14.82 ** 60 0 ± 0aD 0 ± 0aD 0 ± 0bD 7.41 ± 0.33bC 18.52 ± 0.4bB 29.63 ± 0.3cA 9.26 ** Means 1.39 e 2.32 6.48 17.13 33.33 43.06 nd nd P-value c NS NS * ** * ** nd nd GW M Control 0 ± 0E 5.56 ± 0.32aDE 11.11 ± 0.32aD 24.07 ± 0.39aC 35.19 ± 0.40aB 51.85 ± 0.44aA 21.3 ** 20 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0bD 5.56 ± 0.32abD 20.37 ± 0.41aC 31.48 ± 0.35aB 46.3 ± 0.41aA 17.29 ** 40 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0bD 5.56 ± 0.32abCD 12.96 ± 0.37abBC 18.52 ± 0.44bB 37.04 ± 0.41abA 12.35 ** 60 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0bC 0 ± 0bC 7.41 ± 0.33bBC 14.81 ± 0.35bB 27.78 ± 0.45bA 8.33 ** Means 0 1.39 5.56 16.2 25 40.74 nd nd P-value nd * ** * ** ** nd nd M W Control 7.41 ± 0.33aE 27.78 ± 0.38aD 44.44 ± 0.32aC 75.93 ± 0.33aB 98.15 ± 0.26aA 100 ± 0aA 58.95 ** 20 9.26 ± 0.33aF 25.93 ± 0.33aE 46.3 ± 0.3aD 61.11 ± 0.32bC 81.48 ± 0.26bB 100 ± 0aA 54.01 ** 40 11.11 ± 0.32aD 20.37 ± 0.37aD 40.74 ± 0.39aC 48.15 ± 0.47cC 74.07 ± 0.39bB 98.15 ± 0.26aA 48.77 ** 60 9.26 ± 0.33aD 22.22 ± 0.42aCD 35.19 ± 0.55aC 50 ± 0.38bcB 59.26 ± 0.39cAB 72.22 ± 0.38bA 41.36 ** Means 9.26 24.08 41.67 58.8 78.24 92.59 nd nd P-value * * * ** ** ** nd nd W GW Control 20.37 ± 0.3aD 24.07 ± 0.33aD 42.59 ± 0.33aC 64.81 ± 0.26aB 100 ± 0aA 100 ± 0aA 58.64 ** 20 18.52 ± 0.26aE 20.37 ± 0.30abE 38.89 ± 0.45aD 59.26 ± 0.33aC 83.33 ± 0.38bB 100 ± 0aA 53.4 ** 40 14.81 ± 0.35aC 16.67 ± 0.32abC 22.22 ± 0.32bC 44.44 ± 0.32bB 72.22 ± 0.32cA 77.78 ± 0.32bA 41.36 ** 60 14.81 ± 0.26aD 14.81 ± 0.26bD 20.37 ± 0.3bD 40.74 ± 0.33bC 59.26 ± 0.33dB 68.52 ± 0.40cA 36.42 ** Means 17.13 18.98 31.02 52.31 78.7 86.58 nd nd P-value NS NS ** ** ** ** nd nd S GM Control 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 20.37 ± 0.41aB 27.78 ± 0.38aAB 29.63 ± 0.37aA 12.96 ** 20 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 12.96 ± 0.37abB 27.78 ± 0.32aA 29.63 ± 0.30aA 11.73 ** 40 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 7.41 ± 0.33bB 22.22 ± 0.32abA 25.93 ± 0.33aA 9.26 ** 60 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 0 ± 0C 9.26 ± 0.33bB 12.96 ± 0.41bB 22.22 ± 0.42aA 7.41 ** Means 0 0 0 12.5 22.69 26.85 nd nd P-value nd nd nd NS * NS nd nd Crops Doses of organic manure Sampling date Crops* Sampling date Doses of organic manure* Sampling date Crops* Doses of organic manure Crops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date ** ** ** ** ** ** * a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column). b Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row). c Probabilities associated with individual F tests. d Mean values of the disease incidence percent in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates. e Mean values of the disease incidence percentin the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses. **: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined. The RDI data from the 2013/2014 growing season provided a detailed, severity-based assessment of M. cannonballus infection, revealing highly significant effects (P < 0.01) of crop type, organic amendment dose, and sampling date. Non-grafted watermelon was the most severely affected, with RDI values in non amended control plots reaching the maximum score of 5 by 60 DAT, indicating complete root decay. Non-grafted melon also showed high severity, with a RDI of 4.50 in control plots (90 DAT). Nevertheless, grafted plants exhibited markedly lower root damage. Grafted melon amended with 60 T/Ha had the lowest overall severity, with a final RDI of just 1.78, and grafted watermelon under the same treatment reached only 1.83. Squash demonstrated notable tolerance, with a level of RDI as low as 0.51 at the 60 T/Ha. Across all crops, a strong dose-response relationship was evident: increasing the organic amendment from 0 to 60 T/Ha consistently and significantly reduced RDI values. For example, in melon, RDI values dropped from 4.50 to 3.17 with the high amendment rate. The progression of root damage over time (E1 to E6) was significantly attenuated in grafted and amended treatments, particularly for grafted melon at 60 T/Ha, where the RDI increased by only 1.78 over the entire season, compared to an increase of 2.50 in its non amended plots (Table 5 ). Table 5 Root disease index at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season Growing seasons 2013/2014 Crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Mean P-value GM Control 0.39 ± 0.42a a C b 0.44 ± 0.17bC 2 ± 0.5aB 2.06 ± 0.77aB 2.5 ± 0.9aAB 2.89 ± 0.33aA 1.71 d ** 20 0.44 ± 0.39aD 1 ± 0.25aC 1.17 ± 0.43bC 1.89 ± 0.33abB 2.28 ± 0.57abAB 2.5 ± 0.56bA 1.55 ** 40 0 ± 0bE 0.5 ± 0.43bD 0.89 ± 0.33bC 1.5 ± 0.25bB 1.78 ± 0.44bAB 2.06 ± 0.17cA 1.12 ** 60 0 ± 0bD 0 ± 0cD 0.22 ± 0.44cD 0.67 ± 0.5cC 1.06 ± 0.17cB 1.78 ± 0.44cA 0.62 ** Mean j 0.21 e 0.49 1.07 1.53 1.91 2.31 nd nd P-value c ** ** ** ** ** ** nd nd GW Control 0.56 ± 0.3aD 1.67 ± 0.5aC 1.78 ± 0.44aC 1.89 ± 0.33aBC 2.17 ± 0.25aAB 2.33 ± 0.25aA 1.73 ** 20 0.39 ± 0.42aE 1.17 ± 0.25bD 1.56 ± 0.17aC 2.06 ± 0.17aB 2.17 ± 0.25aAB 2.39 ± 0.22aA 1.62 ** 40 0 ± 0bD 0.56 ± 0.53cC 0.89 ± 0.33bC 1.78 ± 0.36aB 2 ± 0.43abAB 2.17 ± 0.25abA 1.23 ** 60 0 ± 0bE 0.39 ± 0.22cD 0.78 ± 0.57bC 1.39 ± 0.22bB 1.72 ± 0.44bAB 1.83 ± 0.56bA 1.01 ** Mean 0.24 0.95 1.25 1.78 2.02 2.18 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** * * nd nd M Control 0.72 ± 0.44aD 1.94 ± 0.53aC 3.39 ± 0.49aB 3.5 ± 0.87aB 4 ± 0.83abAB 4.5 ± 0.5abA 3.01 ** 20 0.5 ± 0.5abE 1.5 ± 0.5abD 2.5 ± 0.71bC 3.5 ± 0.66aB 4.5 ± 0.61aA 4.56 ± 1.16aA 2.84 ** 40 0.28 ± 0.44abD 1 ± 0.5bcC 1.5 ± 0.5cC 2.28 ± 0.44bB 3.28 ± 0.62bA 3.67 ± 0.83bcA 2 ** 60 0.22 ± 0.44bE 0.78 ± 0.67cDE 1.28 ± 0.67cCD 1.89 ± 0.33bBC 2.28 ± 0.97cB 3.17 ± 0.87cA 1.60 ** Mean 0.43 1.31 2.17 2.79 3.52 3.98 nd nd P-value NS ** ** ** ** ** nd nd W Control 1.5 ± 0.5aD 3.28 ± 0.44aC 4 ± 0.83aB 5 ± 0.00aA 5 ± 0.00aA 5 ± 0.00aA 3.96 ** 20 1.5 ± 0.87aC 2.89 ± 0.33aB 2.94 ± 0.17bB 3.28 ± 0.83bB 3.89 ± 0.33bA 4.28 ± 0.44bA 3.13 ** 40 1 ± 0.25aD 1.28 ± 0.67cD 2.11 ± 0.33cC 2.5 ± 0.25cB 2.72 ± 0.44cB 3.22 ± 0.26cA 2.14 ** 60 1 ± 0.43aD 1.89 ± 0.33bC 2.28 ± 1.09bcC 2.39 ± 0.96cBC 3 ± 0.25cAB 3.28 ± 0.26cA 2.31 ** Mean 1.25 2.34 2.83 3.29 3.65 3.95 nd nd P-value NS ** ** ** ** ** nd nd S Control 0 ± 0D 1 ± 0.25aC 1.06 ± 0.17aC 1.56 ± 0.17aB 1.89 ± 0.33aA 2 ± 0.25aA 1.25 ** 20 0 ± 0D 1.06 ± 0.17aC 1.11 ± 0.22aC 1.78 ± 0.36aB 1.94 ± 0.17aAB 2.11 ± 0.22aA 1.33 ** 40 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0bD 0.22 ± 0.36bD 0.89 ± 0.22bC 1.11 ± 0.22bB 1.56 ± 0.3bA 0.63 ** 60 0 ± 0D 0 ± 0bD 0.28 ± 0.36bC 0.78 ± 0.26bB 0.89 ± 0.22bB 1.11 ± 0.22cA 0.51 ** Mean 0 0 0.67 1.25 1.46 1.70 nd nd P-value nd ** ** ** ** ** nd nd Crops Doses of organic manure Sampling date Crops* Sampling date Doses of organic manure* Sampling date Crops* Doses of organic manure Crops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date ** ** ** ** ** ** ** a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column). b Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row). c Probabilities associated with individual F tests. d Mean values of root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates. e Mean values of root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses. **: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined. For the 2014/2015 growing season, incorporating crop sequences, the RDI results further underscored the critical importance of integrated management. The most severe root damage was consistently associated with sequences involving consecutive plantings of susceptible, non-grafted hosts. For instance, when watermelon followed grafted watermelon in non amended soil, RDI reached the maximum of 5 by 60 DAT. Similarly, melon following watermelon without amendment resulted in a final RDI of 5 (90 DAT). Conversely, strategic sequences involving tolerant crops or grafted plants as the previous crop dramatically reduced root severity. The sequence of squash following grafted melon resulted in the lowest overall RDI values, with a score of 1.61 at the 60 T/Ha. The beneficial effect of a grafted previous crop was clear; when grafted watermelon followed melon, the RDI was 2.06 at 60 T/Ha, significantly lower than when non-grafted watermelon followed grafted watermelon (3.89 at 60 T/Ha) (Table 6 ). Table 6 Root disease index at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season Growingseasons 2014/2015 Crops Previouscrops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 Mean P-value GM S Control 0.5 ± 0.43a a C b 0.67 ± 0.56aC 1.89 ± 0.33aB 1.94 ± 0.17aB 2.06 ± 0.17aB 2.44 ± 0.39aA 1.58 e ** 20 0.56 ± 0.39aC 0.61 ± 0.6aC 1.5 ± 0.43bB 2.06 ± 0.17aA 2.11 ± 0.33aA 2.17 ± 0.35aA 1.50 ** 40 0.28 ± 0.44abD 0.5 ± 0.5aD 1.06 ± 0.17cC 1.89 ± 0.22aB 1.94 ± 0.17aB 2.33 ± 0.43aA 1.33 ** 60 0 ± 0bD 0.17 ± 0.25aCD 0.44 ± 0.46dC 0.89 ± 0.33bB 1.28 ± 0.57bAB 1.5 ± 0.66bA 0.71 ** Mean 0.34 d 0.49 1.22 1.70 1.85 2.11 nd nd P-value c * NS ** ** ** ** nd nd GW M Control 0.89 ± 0.33aC 2.17 ± 0.25aB 2.33 ± 0.25aAB 2.44 ± 0.17aAB 2.56 ± 0.46aA 2.61 ± 0.22aA 2.17 ** 20 0.28 ± 0.44bC 1.56 ± 0.17bB 1.61 ± 0.22bB 2.33 ± 0.66aA 2.44 ± 0.88aA 2.83 ± 0.35aA 1.84 ** 40 0 ± 0bF 0.67 ± 0.5cE 1.06 ± 0.3cD 1.78 ± 0.44bC 2.17 ± 0.35abB 2.61 ± 0.22aA 1.38 ** 60 0 ± 0bE 0.22 ± 0.36dD 0.67 ± 0.25dC 1.61 ± 0.22bB 1.89 ± 0.22bA 2.06 ± 0.17bA 1.08 ** Mean 0.29 1.16 1.42 2.04 2.27 2.53 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** * ** nd nd M W Control 0.83 ± 0.71aD 2.11 ± 0.33aC 4 ± 0.5aB 4.06 ± 0.39aB 4.72 ± 0.57aA 5 ± 0aA 3.45 ** 20 0.89 ± 0.55aE 1.89 ± 0.33aD 2.17 ± 0.61bD 3.89 ± 0.74aC 4.5 ± 0.43abB 5 ± 0aA 3.06 ** 40 0.5 ± 0.43aE 1.28 ± 0.97bD 1.89 ± 0.55bcC 3 ± 0.35bB 4.28 ± 0.44bA 4.39 ± 0.33bA 2.56 ** 60 0.56 ± 0.39aF 1.06 ± 0.58bE 1.5 ± 0.61cD 2 ± 0.35cC 3.06 ± 0.17cB 3.72 ± 0.44cA 1.98 ** Mean 0.70 1.59 2.39 3.24 4.28 4.53 nd nd P-value NS ** ** ** ** ** nd nd W GW Control 2 ± 0.25aD 3.89 ± 0.33aC 4.44 ± 0.39aB 5 ± 0aA 5 ± 0aA 5 ± 0aA 4.22 ** 20 1.83 ± 0.25aD 2.89 ± 0.22bC 3.11 ± 0.33bC 3.89 ± 0.33bB 4.17 ± 0.35bB 4.61 ± 0.33bA 3.42 ** 40 0.89 ± 0.33bE 1.89 ± 0.33cD 2.61 ± 0.6cC 3.11 ± 0.33cB 3.22 ± 0.44cB 4.22 ± 0.44cA 2.66 ** 60 0.78 ± 0.44bD 2.11 ± 0.22cC 2.22 ± 0.44cC 2.33 ± 0.66dC 3.22 ± 0.26cB 3.89 ± 0.22dA 2.43 ** Mean 1.38 2.70 3.10 3.58 3.90 4.43 nd nd P-value ** ** ** ** ** ** nd nd S GM Control 0 ± 0C 1.5 ± 0.25aB 1.56 ± 0.17aB 1.61 ± 0.33aB 2.5 ± 0.35aA 2.61 ± 0.49aA 1.63 ** 20 0 ± 0D 0.78 ± 0.44bC 1.39 ± 0.22aB 1.56 ± 0.17aB 2.06 ± 0.17bA 2.11 ± 0.22bA 1.32 ** 40 0 ± 0E 0.39 ± 0.42cD 0.78 ± 0.26bC 1.06 ± 0.17bB 1.56 ± 0.17cA 1.78 ± 0.36cA 0.92 ** 60 0 ± 0C 0.33 ± 0.43cB 0.56 ± 0.46bB 1.5 ± 0.25aA 1.56 ± 0.17cA 1.61 ± 0.22cA 0.93 ** Mean 0 0.75 1.07 1.43 1.92 2.03 nd nd P-value nd ** ** ** ** ** nd nd Crops Doses of organic manure Sampling date Crops* Sampling date Doses of organic manure* Sampling date Crops* Doses of organic manure Crops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date ** ** ** ** ** ** ** a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column). b Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row). c Probabilities associated with individual F tests. d Mean values of root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses. e Mean values of root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates. Multivariate analysis of management effects The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) presented in Fig. 1 provides a comprehensive multivariate visualization of the relationships between integrated management parameters and ascospore densities for both growing seasons. At the growing season (2013/2014) data, the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained a substantial 88.45% of the total variance in the dataset, with PC1 likely accounting for the majority of this variance, typically representing the gradient of disease pressure and amendment efficacy. Parameters such as disease incidence and root disease index showed a strong positive correlation with each other (r = 0.84) and were positively associated with ascospore density, with correlation coefficients of approximately r = 0.65 for DI and r = 0.52 for RDI, visually clustered in one quadrant of the biplot (Fig. 1 a). The corresponding sample plots would show clear clustering of samples by crop type and amendment dose, with grafted and amended treatments grouping separately from non-grafted, non amended controls (Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 c). At the growing season (2014/2015), the two principal components explained 86.20% of the variance, indicating a similarly robust model. The correlation between DI and RDI remained strong (r = 0.84), and their positive relationships with ascospore density persisted, though slightly weakened (r ≈ 0.51 for DI and r ≈ 0.43 for RDI), reflecting the added complexity of crop sequence effects (Fig. 1 d). The sample plots for this season would likely show clustering influenced by the previous crop, with sequences involving squash or grafted plants forming distinct groups associated with lower pathogen and disease scores. Overall, the PCA visually confirms that the integration of grafting and organic amendment consistently shifts the system state away from high disease expression and pathogen density toward a state of improved plant health and productivity (Fig. 1 e and Fig. 1 f). Influence of grafting, organic amendment, and strategic crop sequencing on yield and fruit quality The yield and fruit quality data for the growing season (2013/2014) conclusively demonstrated that the integration of grafting with high-dose organic amendment (60 T/Ha) significantly enhanced both crop productivity and fruit marketability across all cucurbit types (P < 0.01). Grafted plants consistently outperformed their non-grafted counterparts under equivalent amendment regimes. Grafted melon amended with 60 T/Ha produced 4.56 fruits/plant with a total yield of 3.61 kg/plant, was over 7 times greater than the yield of non amended grafted melon (0.49 kg/plant). Similarly, grafted watermelon at 60 T/Ha demonstrated a remarkable yield of 7.25 kg/plant, compared to 1.68 kg/plant for non amended controls. Grafted melon at 60 T/Ha exhibited a sugar concentration of 9.30°Brix and a firmness of 0.92 g-force, representing significant improvements over the control values of 7.34°Brix and 0.42 g-force. Non-grafted crops benefited substantially from the high amendment rate, with melon yield increasing from 0.35 to 1.50 kg/plant and watermelon yield surging from 0.58 to 4.89 kg/plant. Squash yield showed the most dramatic response to amendment, increasing from a negligible 0.11 kg/plant in control plots to 1.66 kg/plant at 60 T/Ha. The results established a positive dose-response relationship confirming that 60 T/Ha organic amendment dose, particularly in synergy with grafting, was optimal for maximizing both the quantity and quality of cucurbit production under MRRVD pressure (Table 7 ). Table 7 Yield and fruit quality parameters of cucurbit cropsat six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season Crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) Yield and fruit quality Number of fruits per plant (fruits/plant) Fruit yield (kg/plant) Sugar concentration Firmness GM Control 1.24 ± 0.13d a 0.49 ± 0.15d 7.34 ± 0.86c 0.42 ± 0.16b 20 2.32 ± 0.16c 1.24 ± 0.41c 8.22 ± 0.81b 0.5 ± 0.06b 40 3.61 ± 0.25b 2.31 ± 0.82b 8.73 ± 0.87ab 0.84 ± 0.22a 60 4.56 ± 0.28a 3.61 ± 0.9a 9.3 ± 0.51a 0.92 ± 0.12a P-value b < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 GW Control 1.74 ± 0.49b 1.68 ± 0.58b 8.38 ± 0.53b 0.79 ± 0.31b 20 1.78 ± 0.46b 2.05 ± 0.28b 9.21 ± 0.71a 0.83 ± 0.13ab 40 2.26 ± 0.40b 2.86 ± 0.3b 9.11 ± 0.56a 1.02 ± 0.01a 60 4.28 ± 0.90a 7.25 ± 2.28a 9.22 ± 0.65a 1.05 ± 0.25a P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.05 M Control 0.69 ± 0.11d 0.35 ± 0.08c 8.48 ± 0.43b 0.21 ± 0.04d 20 1.87 ± 0.16c 0.89 ± 0.3b 7.51 ± 2.28b 0.34 ± 0.08c 40 3.09 ± 0.19a 1.71 ± 0.53a 8.27 ± 1.38b 0.5 ± 0.07b 60 2.76 ± 0.13b 1.5 ± 0.35a 10.64 ± 1.21a 0.7 ± 0.18a P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 W Control 1.24 ± 0.15c 0.58 ± 0.2c 9.2 ± 0.68b 0.52 ± 0.08b 20 1.61 ± 0.14b 1.08 ± 0.34c 9.61 ± 0.71b 0.51 ± 0.13b 40 1.96 ± 0.18b 2.46 ± 0.79b 9.53 ± 0.85b 0.74 ± 0.17a 60 3.04 ± 0.18a 4.89 ± 1.16a 10.34 ± 0.7a 0.78 ± 0.24a P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01 S Control 0.78 ± 0.67d 0.11 ± 0.09d nd nd 20 2.11 ± 0.6c 0.4 ± 0.11c nd nd 40 3.67 ± 0.5b 0.82 ± 0.11b nd nd 60 5.67 ± 0.5a 1.66 ± 0.16a nd nd P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 nd nd a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among yield and fruit quality in the different organic manure doses. b Probabilities associated with individual F tests. At the growing season (2014/2015), which incorporated the added variable of crop sequence, the yield and quality advantages of integrated management persisted, though overall productivity was lower due to cumulative disease pressure, reaffirming the critical importance of strategic cropping patterns. While the productivity decreased across the second season, the combination of grafting and 60 T/Ha organic amendment dose again produced the best outcomes. For example, in the sequence where grafted watermelon followed melon, the 60 T/Ha amendment yielded 2.93 kg/plant, which was nearly five times greater than the non amended control yield of 0.61 kg/plant. Similarly, grafted melon following squash-yielded 1.11 kg/plant at the high amendment dose, compared to 0.38 kg/plant in the control. Fruit quality remained superior in these integrated treatments; grafted melon at 60 T/Ha achieved a sugar concentration of 9.14 °Brix and a firmness of 0.64 g-force, significantly higher than the 6.28 °Brix and 0.22 g-force in the control. The data revealed the yield-limiting effect of poor crop sequences. Melon following watermelon, a high-risk sequence, produced the lowest yields for melon, reaching only 0.77 kg/plant even at the 60 T/Ha. Conversely, squash, when following grafted melon, showed resilience and a strong response to amendment, yielding 1 kg/plant at 60 T/Ha compared to 0.08 kg/plant in the control. These results underscored that while high organic amendment and grafting are fundamental for productivity, the full agronomic and economic benefit is only realized when they are deployed within a crop sequence that minimized the carryover of soil-borne inoculum to susceptible hosts (Table 8 ). Table 8 Yield and fruit quality parameters of cucurbit cropsat six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season Crops Previous crops Doses of organic manure (T/Ha) Yield and fruit quality Number of fruits per plant (fruits/plant) Fruit yield (kg/plant) Sugar concentration Firmness GM S Control 0.65 ± 0.1d a 0.38 ± 0.09c 6.28 ± 0.41d 0.22 ± 0.04c 20 0.93 ± 0.09c 0.54 ± 0.09c 6.68 ± 0.51c 0.24 ± 0.01c 40 1.11 ± 0.12b 0.8 ± 0.36b 7.48 ± 0.39b 0.46 ± 0.06b 60 1.5 ± 0.22a 1.11 ± 0.19a 9.14 ± 0.27a 0.64 ± 0.04a P-value b < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 GW M Control 0.93 ± 0.15c 0.61 ± 0.11c 6.62 ± 0.22d 0.29 ± 0.06c 20 0.89 ± 0.25c 0.77 ± 0.24c 7.12 ± 0.47c 0.3 ± 0.02c 40 1.41 ± 0.19b 1.48 ± 0.2b 7.62 ± 0.23b 0.5 ± 0.03b 60 2.09 ± 0.56a 2.93 ± 0.86a 9.21 ± 0.41a 0.76 ± 0.11a P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 M W Control 0.54 ± 0.07c 0.23 ± 0.07d 7.11 ± 0.86b 0.15 ± 0.02d 20 0.74 ± 0.21b 0.35 ± 0.11c 6.24 ± 1.03c 0.2 ± 0.02c 40 0.98 ± 0.15a 0.56 ± 0.11b 7.3 ± 0.51b 0.37 ± 0.06b 60 1.04 ± 0.27a 0.77 ± 0.17a 9.87 ± 0.45a 0.56 ± 0.07a P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 W GW Control 0.63 ± 0.14c 0.27 ± 0.03d 7.18 ± 0.51c 0.24 ± 0.02c 20 0.76 ± 0.17bc 0.43 ± 0.11c 7.10 ± 0.25 0.25 ± 0.05c 40 0.89 ± 0.14b 0.7 ± 0.11b 7.86 ± 0.42b 0.41 ± 0.05b 60 1.19 ± 0.21a 1.10 ± 0.23a 9.63 ± 0.33a 0.58 ± 0.09a P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 S GM Control 0.44 ± 0.53d 0.08 ± 0.1c nd nd 20 1.33 ± 0.71c 0.23 ± 0.12c nd nd 40 2.56 ± 0.53b 0.63 ± 0.11b nd nd 60 3.89 ± 1.05a 1 ± 0.31a nd nd P-value < 0.01 < 0.01 nd nd a Duncan’s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among yield and fruit quality in the different organic manure doses. b Probabilities associated with individual F tests. Discussion The sustainable management of soil-borne pathogens like M. cannonballus required integrated approaches that address pathogen dynamics, soil health, and crop resilience simultaneously (Al-Daghari et al. 2020 ). This study demonstrated that the confluence of grafting, high-rate organic amendment, and strategic crop sequencing created a robust defensive framework against MRRVD, offering a viable alternative to chemical-dependent control in cucurbit production systems (Cavalcante et al. 2020 ). The effectiveness of this integrated strategy stems from its multi-layered impact on the pathogen's life cycle (Costa et al. 2024 ). The stability of ascospore densities in soils planted with grafted melon under high organic amendment indicated not merely a delay in disease progression, but an active suppression of pathogen reproduction and inoculum buildup (Cavalcante et al. 2025 ). Merteley et al. (1993) and Stanghellini et al. ( 1996 ) found that if the number of ascospores remains statistically stable throughout the life cycle of the plant where the final population is less than or equal to the initial population, this will shows that there is an obstacle to ascospores germination of penetration into the plant tissue. These results are in the same direction as Beltran et al. ( 2006 ) who proved the stability of the densities of M. cannonballus ascospores throughout the cycle of watermelon plants. Beltran et al. ( 2008 ) investigated the epidemiology of M. cannonballus in melon, watermelon and grafted watermelon crops grown in 2003 and 2004. The ascospore density recorded at melon and watermelon plants showed a reduction at 57 DAP and an increase at the end of the season, in contrast to grafted watermelon crop with a stability of the density. According to the progression of MRRVD adjusted in logistic and exponential model, the first symptoms were observed at 37 DAP (melon) (at 2003) and 48 DAP (watermelon) (at 2004) and the disease incidence of 100% was reached (Beltran et al. 2008 ). This is a critical advance, as the long-term survival of M. cannonballus in soil is largely dependent on the continuous production of ascospores in infected root residues. Grafting onto resistant Cucurbita rootstocks likely limits successful root colonization, thereby reducing the sites available for perithecial formation (Crosby et al. 2023 ). Concurrently, the incorporation of organic manure fundamentally modified the soil ecology (Tavares et al. 2023 ). Beyond its documented benefits on soil structure and fertility, organic amendment enriched the soil microbiome, fostering communities that compete with or antagonize soil-borne pathogens through various mechanisms such as niche exclusion, hyperparasitism, and the induction of systemic resistance in host plants (Abbas et al. 2024 ). The observed suppression in both grafted and non-grafted, but heavily amended, plots supported the concept of "general soil suppressiveness," where the overall microbial activity and diversity become the first line of defense against MRRVD (Mustafa and Abdullah 2024 ). The improvement of the biological soil quality by organic amendments has been proved by it suppressiveness against soilborne fungi, such as Pythium spp., Fusarium spp., Sclerotinia sp. and Rhizoctonia spp. (Correa-Delgado et al. 2026 ). This suppression has often been attributed to an increase in microbial density and activity, known to be antagonistic to phytopathogens, isolated from organic amendments in particular Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Trichoderma spp. (Akanmu et al. 2021). Likewise, the activity of a compost extract was similar to that of salicylic acid against Pseudomonas syringae . This leads to the conclusion that secondary metabolites excreted by certain microorganisms during extraction appear to be responsible for the suppression of the pathogens tested (Silva and Canellas 2022 ). Thus, the soil becomes an environment in which competition between microorganisms is important, contributing to the phenomenon of soil resistance and acting by competition, antibiosis, parasitism and induction of systemic resistance (Akanmu et al. 2021). Grafting melon and watermelon onto Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks is a promising management strategy against MRRVD (Cavalcante et al. 2025 ). Although Cucurbita hybrids are not completely resistant to M. cannonballus , they provide satisfactory control and reduce crop losses (Beltran et al. 2008 ). In general, grafted plants are more vigorous and productive, showing an improved agronomic performance due to a better tolerance to diverse environmental stresses, such as soil type, high soil salinity, low temperatures and drought (Marquez et al. 2023 ). The profound influence of crop sequencing, revealed distinctly in the second season, underscored the epidemiological of breaking host continuity (Al-Daghari et al. 2020 ). The most detrimental sequences involved successive plantings of highly susceptible non-grafted cucurbits, which acted as a conduit for unchecked inoculum amplification (Zhang et al. 2023 ). In contrast, sequences incorporating grafted plants or the tolerant squash interrupted this cycle. Squash, while a host appears to support significantly lower pathogen reproduction, thereby acting as a "cleaning" crop that reduces the inoculum load passed to the subsequent, more valuable grafted melon crop (Pourkheirandish et al. 2020 ). This finding emphasized that crop rotation should not be viewed merely as the avoidance of a host, but as the strategic deployment of crops with varying levels of susceptibility and capacity to modulate soil inoculum (Hossain et al. 2024 ). It reinforced the principle that the efficacy of host resistance (grafting) and soil amendments is contingent upon the initial inoculum pressure, which can be managed through the cropping patterns (Costa et al. 2024 ). The significant enhancements in yield and fruit quality, particularly the synergistic boost in grafted, amended treatments, transcend the metrics of disease control (Cavalcante et al. 2020 ). They pointed to a holistic improvement in plant physiological performance (Crosby et al., 2023 ). Plants liberated from severe root pathogen pressure can allocate more resources to growth and fruit development (Mustafa and Abdullah 2024 ). Furthermore, the improved soil physical and biological environment from organic amendment likely enhanced water and nutrient use efficiency, while grafting may improve vigor and stress tolerance (Al-Daghari et al. 2020 ). The resultant higher fruit firmness and sugar content are not just indicators of better marketability but are also suggestive of improved plant health and metabolic efficiency (Costa et al. 2024 ). This synergy transformed the management strategy from one focused solely on pathogen reduction to one that actively promoted crop productivity and quality, enhancing farm profitability and sustainability (Cavalcante et al. 2025 ). This research contributed to the foundational science of Integrated Disease Management (IDM) by demonstrating how synergistic agronomic interventions, specifically the coupling of host resistance via grafting with soil microbiome modulation via organic amendment, can durably suppress a soil-borne ascomycete pathogen, M. cannonballus , under field conditions. The study provided empirical evidence for the ecological intensification of cucurbit production, wherein ecosystem services (e.g., microbial antagonism, nutrient cycling) are harnessed to replace synthetic inputs, thereby increasing system stability and reducing environmental externalities. Future research priorities should include a metabolomic and metagenomic dissection of the suppressive microbial consortia enriched by the high-dose amendment to identify keystone taxa and functional pathways, alongside a full life-cycle assessment to quantify the net agroecological benefits. Furthermore, the development of predictive models integrating soil inoculum density, amendment composition, and climatic variables will be crucial for optimizing this IDM framework across heterogeneous agroecosystems. Ultimately, this work underscored that durable pathogen management in perennial cropping systems requires a transition from simple, disruptive control to the strategic engineering of suppressive soil-plant microbiomes. Declarations Funding This research was supported by LR21AGR05, University of Sousse, Tunisia. The experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. Compliance with ethical standards Conflicts of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Human participants and/or animals This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. 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Nat Commun 14, 4327 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39952-x Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 08 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 10 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 04 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9319897","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":621960511,"identity":"04d9a1f1-e11a-4b75-9629-9c6f8eccb106","order_by":0,"name":"ibtissem ben salem","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNgkGhsMgBj978wEgJSFDhBZmiBbJnmMJIC08hK0BamEG0QY3cgxANGEtfNL9Bw8XVNTJSzbkfH51o8aCh4H98NENeB0mc5jh8Iwzhw37Gc5us845BnQYT1raDfx+SWY4zNt2gHFmY+824xw2oBYJHjMitPyrs99wmOeZcc4/orU0MCduOMbD/Di3jRgtMocNDs84djh5Zg+bGXNunwQPGyG/yM9ufPy5oKbOtl/+8ePPOd/q5PjZDx/DqwXVkWCSWOUgwPyBFNWjYBSMglEwcgAARVZHV5XDPc0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Institut Superieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"ibtissem","middleName":"ben","lastName":"salem","suffix":""},{"id":621960512,"identity":"f502f3ae-ba00-40d9-88ca-608fbf8ceb84","order_by":1,"name":"Abdelhak Rhouma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem: Institut Superieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdelhak","middleName":"","lastName":"Rhouma","suffix":""},{"id":621960513,"identity":"73ba98ce-fe99-41d7-88fd-67500006b35e","order_by":2,"name":"Mahmoud M’Hamdi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem: Institut Superieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahmoud","middleName":"","lastName":"M’Hamdi","suffix":""},{"id":621960514,"identity":"b65c045c-efc6-4384-b546-2d1ea5b33449","order_by":3,"name":"Naima Boughalleb-M’Hamdi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem: Institut Superieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naima","middleName":"","lastName":"Boughalleb-M’Hamdi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-04 11:06:39","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9319897/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9319897/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107320609,"identity":"dc6e2bc5-b625-4830-9f46-264d0aad6637","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-20 10:26:51","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":450463,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis (PCA) of the first two principal components, depicting relationship (a (2013/2014), d (2014/2015)) between integrated management assessment parameters and ascospores densities for crops (b, e) and doses of organic manure (c, f).Organic manure doses are (0 T/Ha, 20T/Ha, 40T/Ha and 60T/Ha), cultivated crops are PF (Watermelon), MF (Melon), PG (Grafted watermelon), MG (grafted melon) and C (squash).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9319897/v1/8b8b7913e6d04c1294fa32d4.png"},{"id":107320717,"identity":"b3697439-79b9-41a7-b032-f55de105ee98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-20 10:27:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2332754,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9319897/v1/59c68552-1c33-48b0-bbfe-1ce391b4aeb3.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Building soil and plant resilience: An integrated program to manage Monosporascus root rot on cucurbit crops","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eMonosporascus root rot and vine decline (MRRVD), caused by ascomycete \u003cem\u003eMonosporascus cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e (Pollack \u0026amp; Uecker \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1974\u003c/span\u003e), is a cucurbit crops devastating disease characterized by sudden canopy collapse and root necrosis nearly harvest, often leading to complete crop loss. The disease is particularly severe in arid and semi-arid cucurbit growing regions worldwide (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRRVD identified on melons in the 1970s, has since been documented in 22 countries (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) across arid and semi-arid production regions, causing significant and persistent threat to melon and watermelon crops (Rhouma et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e have been reported as pathogenic to the \u003cem\u003eCucurbitaceae\u003c/em\u003e (Slebi and Al-Juboory \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) and can infect and produce perithecia in non-cucurbit species (Ben Salem et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e). Al-Daghari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) pointed out that root system of a single mature cantaloupe plant infected by \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e could support approximately 400.000 ascospores. Thus, this pathogen has a great potential to maintain and/or increase its inoculums in the soil of cucurbits crops (Ben Salem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppropriate strategies against disease development are mainly \u0026lsquo;activities that reduce the size of the pathogen population\u0026rsquo;. Soil-borne plant pathogens management is problematic and is currently based on the combination of different strategies, with varying degrees of success (Ben Salem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e). Reducing the amount of initial inoculums in the soil can be achieved by crop sequencing, grafting and amendment with organic manures (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The impact of environmental factors on symptoms expression of MRRVD makes it difficult to determine resistance sources that have been evaluated in different conditions (Castro et al. 2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrafted plants are more vigorous and productive, showing an improved agronomic performance due to better disease tolerance at various environmental stresses, such as soil type, high soil salinity, low temperatures and humidity (Rhouma et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). In Tunisia, watermelon grafting was first used against Fusarium wilt and MRRVD (Jebari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). Grafting of melon and watermelon onto hybrid \u003cem\u003eCucurbita\u003c/em\u003e rootstocks represents a promising management strategy against MRRVD (Ben Salem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e). Ben Salem et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e) concluded that grafting, used alone against \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e, significantly reduced disease incidence compared to untreated plots under field conditions. The combination of soil fungicide application and grafting provided reliable results and MRRVD incidence was always the lowest (Ben Salem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015b\u003c/span\u003e). In Spain, watermelon plants grafted onto \u003cem\u003eCucurbita\u003c/em\u003e rootstocks have replaced muskmelon and watermelon crops in major open-field cucurbit production areas where \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e is present (Beltr\u0026aacute;n et al., 2008). Bruton (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) pointed out that for MRRVD, inadequate or absence of crop rotation has more likely contributed to disease severity by \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e inoculum building-up in soil. Ben Salem et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrated the potential of crop sequences on MRRVD incidence and soil population dynamics of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospores.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic amendments were commonly used for agricultural production due to their abilities to improve plant health (Fallah et al. 2023). The effect of organic amendments on soil physical, chemical and biological parameters has been narrowly studied against \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e. However, organic amendments can reduce different plant diseases (Benaffari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Several studies have shown that organic amendments could manage soil-borne pathogens such as \u003cem\u003eFusarium\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eVerticillium\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eRhizoctonia\u003c/em\u003e spp. and \u003cem\u003eSclerotinia\u003c/em\u003e spp., leading to interesting and promising results (Al Mawaali et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Boughalleb-M\u0026rsquo;Hamdi et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) noted that soil suppressiveness was reliably related to soil microorganisms and its activities. For this reason, the effects of organic amendments on soil microbiota is a key issue for understanding the role of this old management practice on disease suppression (Marquez et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Soil suppression occurs when large numbers of different microorganisms compete with pathogens to reduce its survival. Organic matter and compost could be very effective in reducing phytopathogens such as species of these genera \u003cem\u003eFusarium\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePhytophthora\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePythium\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eRhizoctonia\u003c/em\u003e (Marra et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Benaffari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) and Fallah et al. (2023) revealed that soil amendments show a significant improvement in the resistance mechanisms of plants against pathogens.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, this investigation aimed to determine the combined efficacy of organic amendment doses, grafting, and crop sequencing on reducing \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospore density and MRRVD incidence, and on improving yield, for five cucurbit crops over two growing seasons.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSite description and experimental design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe two-years field study was conducted during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons at the experimental station of the High Institute of Agronomy in Chott Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia (35\u0026deg;56'268\"N, 10\u0026deg;33'648\"E). The selected plot (3000 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e: 50 m x 60 m) had a long history of MRRVD and had been previously cultivated with potato and various \u003cem\u003eCucurbitaceae\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSolanaceae\u003c/em\u003e species (Ben Salem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e; Rhouma et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The experimental design was a complete randomized block (CRB) with three replications, incorporating five cucurbit crops and four organic manure doses as factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFive cucurbit treatments were evaluated: melon cv. Afamia (M), melon cv. Afamia grafted onto \u003cem\u003eCucurbita maxima\u003c/em\u003e \u0026times; \u003cem\u003eC. moschata\u003c/em\u003e rootstock cv. Strongtoza (GM), watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet (W), watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet grafted onto the same Strongtoza rootstock (GW), and squash cv. Super Jadida (S). Each crop treatment was combined with one of four soil amendment levels: 0 (untreated control, T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) tons of organic manure per hectare (T/Ha), which was incorporated into the soil prior to planting.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the first season (2013/14), a total of 60 subplots (5 crops \u0026times; 4 amendments \u0026times; 3 replications) were established, with each subplot measuring 14.4 m\u0026sup2; and containing two rows of six plants (12 plants total), spaced at 1.5 m between bed centers and 0.80 m within rows. For the second season (2014/15), a crop sequence was imposed by rotating the crops in each subplot according to a predetermined scheme to evaluate all possible sequence combinations: watermelon (2013/14) was followed by melon (2014/15), grafted watermelon by watermelon, melon by grafted watermelon, squash by grafted melon, and grafted melon by squash.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe field was drip-irrigated, and standard agronomic practices for cucurbit production in the region were followed in both seasons.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSoil sampling and ascospore quantification\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoil samples were collected from each subplot at six time points during each growing season: 15 (E1), 30 (E2), 45 (E3), 60 (E4), 75 (E5), and 90 (E6) days after transplanting (DAT). Soil samples (500 g) were taken using a 7-cm-diameter soil auger at 2-m intervals along transects randomly in zigzag at 10\u0026ndash;20 cm depth. Nine cores per subplot were taken at a depth of 10\u0026ndash;20 cm using a 7-cm-diameter auger, mixed to form a composite sample, air-dried, and sieved (2-mm mesh) (Rhouma et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospores were extracted according to the method described by Stanghellini and Rasmussen (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e). Each sample was passed through a 250 \u0026micro;m sieve. A 20 g subsample was mixed with 200 mL water, agitated on a magnetic stirrer for 5 min, and washed through nested 75 and 30 \u0026micro;m sieves. The material retained on the 30 \u0026micro;m sieve was centrifuged at 2000 g for 4 min. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was re-suspended in 30\u0026ndash;40 mL of 50% sucrose and centrifuged for 2 min at 2000\u0026times;g. Ascospores and other materials floating or suspended in the sucrose were decanted onto the 30 \u0026micro;m sieves and washed into a clean centrifuge tube. A second sucrose extraction was performedon the residual soil pellet to salvage spores not recovered during the first extraction. The resulting suspension from the second extraction was added to the first, and the combined suspension was stored in a small quantity of water at 4\u0026deg;C until analyzed. Characteristic ascospores were enumerated in the water under a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 60.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePlant health assessment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMRRVD incidence (DI) was assessed on the same sampling dates as the number of symptomatic plants expressed as a percentage of the total plants in each subplot: DI (%) = (Total No. of symptomatic plants/ Total No. of plants) x 100 (Ben Salem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015a\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e; Rhouma et al. 2018).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the end of each season, three plants per subplot were carefully uprooted, and their root systems were washed and rated for disease severity using a root disease index (RDI) on a 0\u0026ndash;5 scale, where 0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;no symptoms; 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;25% root surface with lesions, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50% root surface with lesions, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;75% root surface with lesions, 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;roots extensively decayed, and 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;roots badly decayed (Sales et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e). For pathogen isolation, surface-disinfected root fragments were placed on Potato Dextrose Agar amended with streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain; PDAS) (100mg/L PDA) and incubated at 25\u0026deg;C in darkness for 7 days (Rhouma et al. 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eYield and fruit quality evaluation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt harvest (approximately 110 days after planting), the fruits from the twelve plants per subplot were collected to determine the number of fruits per plant (fruits/plant) and total fruit yield (kg/plant).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor melon and watermelon plots (grafted and non-grafted), three randomly selected fruits per subplot were used to assess fruit quality (sugar concentration and firmness). Fruit firmness was measured using a TA-XT II texture analyzer with a 2-mm probe, and total soluble solids (sugar concentration, \u0026deg;Brix) were determined with a hand refractometer (Umer et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data for ascospore density, disease incidence, root disease index, and yield parameters were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS 20.0 software. The statistical model included the fixed effects of crop, organic amendment dose, sampling date, and their interactions. When ANOVA indicated significant effects (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), treatment means were separated using Duncan\u0026rsquo;s multiple range test. Relationships among the measured variables (ascospore density, DI, RDI) were further explored using principal component analysis (PCA) performed with XLSTAT-2017 software.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eImpact of grafting, organic amendment, and strategic crop sequencing on\u003c/em\u003e M. cannonballus \u003cem\u003eascospore population dynamics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospore population dynamics at 2013/2014 growing season, revealed highly significant effects of crop type, organic manure dose, sampling date, and their interactions (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). The highest ascospores densities were consistently observed for non-grafted cucurbits, with watermelon plots reaching 2.90 asc/g soil at 90 DAT under non amended conditions, while melon plots exhibited similarly high levels, reaching 2.43 asc/g soil in control plots. In contrast, grafted melon amended with the highest organic manure dose (60 T/Ha), demonstrated exceptional suppression of pathogen proliferation, maintaining a stable ascospore density range of 1.72 to 1.77 asc/g soil across all sampling intervals (15\u0026ndash;90 DAT) with no significant increase from the initial ascospore level. Squash consistently supported the lowest overall ascospore populations, approximately 1.6 asc/g soil across amendments, though it still showed a gradual temporal increase to 1.78 asc/g soil at 90 DAT. Notably, organic amendment at 60 T/Ha generally reduced or stabilized ascospore densities across all crops, with the most pronounced effect observed in grafted melon, where ascospore levels were 12% lower than non amended grafted melon plots at by the end of the assay (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation dynamics of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospores (asc/g soil) at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"10\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing seasons 2013/2014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13a\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003ea\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eAB\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14Cc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03cAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06dD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05abAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11abC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12abD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06abE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.29aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09bcD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bcD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09cE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bcE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09dC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11abC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (Small letters are for comparison of means in the same column).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (Capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e**: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the 2014/2015 growing season, which introduced crop sequencing, ascospore densities were again significantly influenced by crop, previous crop, organic amendment, and sampling date (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), with overall population levels generally higher than in the previous season, reflecting cumulative inoculum buildup. The most detrimental crop sequence was observed when melon followed watermelon, which resulted in the highest ascospore density (2.33 asc/g soil), and plots reached as high as 2.87 asc/g soil at non amended melon following watermelon. Conversely, strategic sequences involving grafted plants and squash significantly suppressed pathogen populations: the grafted watermelon/squash sequence yielded only 1.75 asc/g soil, while the squash/grafted melon sequence produced 1.76 asc/g soil\u0026mdash;both values among the lowest recorded. Organic amendment at 60 T/Ha again proved most effective, particularly in grafted melon following squash, where it maintained ascospore stability throughout the season and in the squash/grafted melon sequence, which showed an 8% reduction in ascospore density compared to its non amended control when amended at 40 T/Ha (1.69 vs. 1.84 asc/g soil). Importantly, non-grafted watermelon and melon sequences, regardless of amendment, consistently exhibited the highest final ascospore counts, exceeding 2.60 asc/g soil by 90 DAT, underscoring the limited durability of organic amendment alone without grafting or careful crop rotation (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation dynamics of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospores (asc/g soil) at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing seasons 2014/2015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious crops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05a\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eA\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04abABC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06abBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aABC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08cABC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09cCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e 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\u003cp\u003e2.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07cBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bcF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06cE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06abC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1bcD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07dA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05dA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09abBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1aCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bcC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bcB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08cAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (Small letters are for comparison of means in the same column).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (Capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of ascospores densities in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of ascospores densities in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e**: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEffect on disease incidence and severity\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results obtained for 2013/2014 growing season demonstrated clearly that both crop type and organic amendment rate had highly significant effects (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) on MRRVD incidence. Non-grafted, susceptible crops like watermelon and melon exhibited severe disease progression, with final incidences reaching devastating levels of 92.59 and 94.44% in non amended control plots, respectively. However, grafted plants showed greater tolerance; for instance, grafted melon and grafted watermelon in control plots reached only 50% incidence by 90 DAT. The application of organic manure, particularly at the highest rate of 60 T/Ha, provided substantial disease suppression across all crops. This effect was most pronounced in squash, which recorded the lowest overall incidence of only 5.25% at 60 T/Ha. For melon, the 60 T/Ha amendments reduced final disease incidence from 92.59 to 62.96%, a reduction of nearly 30%. Similarly, in grafted melon, the high amendment rate reduced incidence from 50 to 25.93%. The data shows a consistent trend: disease incidence increased progressively over the sampling period (E1 to E6) for all treatments, but the rate of increase was dramatically slowed by the combination of grafting and high-dose organic amendment (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease incidence of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline (%) at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"10\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing seasons 2013/2014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26a\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eD\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.45\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26abC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39bcC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33cBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e 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colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0F\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44abC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e 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\u003cp\u003e62.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26abE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bDE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bcB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of the disease incidence percent in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of the disease incidence percentin the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e**: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn case of 2014/2015 growing season, which introduced the critical variable of crop sequence, disease incidence remained significantly influenced by crop, previous crop, organic amendment, and their interactions (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). The data revealed the powerful impact of sequencing. The most damaging sequences involved planting highly susceptible crops after one another; for example, when melon was planted following watermelon in non amended soil, disease incidence reached 100% at 90 DAT. Conversely, sequences that broke the cycle of susceptible hosts provided clear benefits. Planting squash after grafted melon resulted in the lowest disease pressure, with a final incidence of only 22.22% even at the 60 T/Ha. The beneficial effect of the previous crop is evident: when grafted watermelon followed melon, its final incidence was 27.78% at 60 T/Ha, which was substantially lower than when non-grafted watermelon followed grafted watermelon (68.52% at 60 T/Ha). Once again, the 60 T/Ha organic amendment dose proved most effective at mitigating disease across all sequence combinations. For instance, in the challenging sequence of watermelon following grafted watermelon, the amendment reduced incidence from 100 to 68.52%. These results underscored that while organic amendment and grafting are individually beneficial, their integration with strategic crop sequencing, specifically avoiding consecutive plantings of susceptible non-grafted cucurbits, is essential for achieving the lowest possible disease incidence in fields with a history of MRRVD (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease incidence of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing seasons 2014/2015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE1\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3a\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eC\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.38\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47bcA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aDE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32abD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32abCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37abBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42aCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38bcB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39cAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e 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\u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30abE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32abC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33dB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among disease incidence of MRRVD in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of the disease incidence percent in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of the disease incidence percentin the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e**: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe RDI data from the 2013/2014 growing season provided a detailed, severity-based assessment of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e infection, revealing highly significant effects (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01) of crop type, organic amendment dose, and sampling date. Non-grafted watermelon was the most severely affected, with RDI values in non amended control plots reaching the maximum score of 5 by 60 DAT, indicating complete root decay. Non-grafted melon also showed high severity, with a RDI of 4.50 in control plots (90 DAT). Nevertheless, grafted plants exhibited markedly lower root damage. Grafted melon amended with 60 T/Ha had the lowest overall severity, with a final RDI of just 1.78, and grafted watermelon under the same treatment reached only 1.83. Squash demonstrated notable tolerance, with a level of RDI as low as 0.51 at the 60 T/Ha. Across all crops, a strong dose-response relationship was evident: increasing the organic amendment from 0 to 60 T/Ha consistently and significantly reduced RDI values. For example, in melon, RDI values dropped from 4.50 to 3.17 with the high amendment rate. The progression of root damage over time (E1 to E6) was significantly attenuated in grafted and amended treatments, particularly for grafted melon at 60 T/Ha, where the RDI increased by only 1.78 over the entire season, compared to an increase of 2.50 in its non amended plots (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot disease index at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"10\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowing seasons 2013/2014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42a\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eC\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.77aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57abAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bE\u003c/p\u003e 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\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43abAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83abAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5abA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5abE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5abD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.16aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44abD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5bcC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83bcA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67cDE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67cCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.97cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.00aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.09bcC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.96cBC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25cAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e**: highly significant; *: significant; NS: not significant; nd: not determined.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the 2014/2015 growing season, incorporating crop sequences, the RDI results further underscored the critical importance of integrated management. The most severe root damage was consistently associated with sequences involving consecutive plantings of susceptible, non-grafted hosts. For instance, when watermelon followed grafted watermelon in non amended soil, RDI reached the maximum of 5 by 60 DAT. Similarly, melon following watermelon without amendment resulted in a final RDI of 5 (90 DAT). Conversely, strategic sequences involving tolerant crops or grafted plants as the previous crop dramatically reduced root severity. The sequence of squash following grafted melon resulted in the lowest overall RDI values, with a score of 1.61 at the 60 T/Ha. The beneficial effect of a grafted previous crop was clear; when grafted watermelon followed melon, the RDI was 2.06 at 60 T/Ha, significantly lower than when non-grafted watermelon followed grafted watermelon (3.89 at 60 T/Ha) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot disease index at six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowingseasons 2014/2015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreviouscrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43a\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eC\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44abD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46dC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57bAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aAB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.88aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5cE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36dD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25dC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.74aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43abB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43aE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.97bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55bcC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33bE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44cC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66dC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22dA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0D\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17aB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22bA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0E\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42cD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26bC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43cB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46bB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25aA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22cA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrops* Doses of organic manure* Sampling date\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses (small letters are for comparison of means in the same column).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates (capital letters are for comparison of means in the same row).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of root disease index in the same sampling dates and different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eMean values of root disease index in the same organic manure doses and different sampling dates.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMultivariate analysis of management effects\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Principal Component Analysis (PCA) presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e provides a comprehensive multivariate visualization of the relationships between integrated management parameters and ascospore densities for both growing seasons. At the growing season (2013/2014) data, the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained a substantial 88.45% of the total variance in the dataset, with PC1 likely accounting for the majority of this variance, typically representing the gradient of disease pressure and amendment efficacy. Parameters such as disease incidence and root disease index showed a strong positive correlation with each other (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.84) and were positively associated with ascospore density, with correlation coefficients of approximately r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.65 for DI and r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.52 for RDI, visually clustered in one quadrant of the biplot (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ea). The corresponding sample plots would show clear clustering of samples by crop type and amendment dose, with grafted and amended treatments grouping separately from non-grafted, non amended controls (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eb and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ec).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the growing season (2014/2015), the two principal components explained 86.20% of the variance, indicating a similarly robust model. The correlation between DI and RDI remained strong (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.84), and their positive relationships with ascospore density persisted, though slightly weakened (r\u0026thinsp;\u0026asymp;\u0026thinsp;0.51 for DI and r\u0026thinsp;\u0026asymp;\u0026thinsp;0.43 for RDI), reflecting the added complexity of crop sequence effects (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ed). The sample plots for this season would likely show clustering influenced by the previous crop, with sequences involving squash or grafted plants forming distinct groups associated with lower pathogen and disease scores. Overall, the PCA visually confirms that the integration of grafting and organic amendment consistently shifts the system state away from high disease expression and pathogen density toward a state of improved plant health and productivity (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ee and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ef).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInfluence of grafting, organic amendment, and strategic crop sequencing on yield and fruit quality\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe yield and fruit quality data for the growing season (2013/2014) conclusively demonstrated that the integration of grafting with high-dose organic amendment (60 T/Ha) significantly enhanced both crop productivity and fruit marketability across all cucurbit types (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Grafted plants consistently outperformed their non-grafted counterparts under equivalent amendment regimes. Grafted melon amended with 60 T/Ha produced 4.56 fruits/plant with a total yield of 3.61 kg/plant, was over 7 times greater than the yield of non amended grafted melon (0.49 kg/plant). Similarly, grafted watermelon at 60 T/Ha demonstrated a remarkable yield of 7.25 kg/plant, compared to 1.68 kg/plant for non amended controls. Grafted melon at 60 T/Ha exhibited a sugar concentration of 9.30\u0026deg;Brix and a firmness of 0.92 g-force, representing significant improvements over the control values of 7.34\u0026deg;Brix and 0.42 g-force. Non-grafted crops benefited substantially from the high amendment rate, with melon yield increasing from 0.35 to 1.50 kg/plant and watermelon yield surging from 0.58 to 4.89 kg/plant. Squash yield showed the most dramatic response to amendment, increasing from a negligible 0.11 kg/plant in control plots to 1.66 kg/plant at 60 T/Ha. The results established a positive dose-response relationship confirming that 60 T/Ha organic amendment dose, particularly in synergy with grafting, was optimal for maximizing both the quantity and quality of cucurbit production under MRRVD pressure (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield and fruit quality parameters of cucurbit cropsat six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil cultivated with five cucurbit crops (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) and amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2013/2014 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield and fruit quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of fruits per plant (fruits/plant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit yield (kg/plant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar concentration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirmness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13d\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.81b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13ab\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.28a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.28b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.38b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.21a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.68b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.34c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.13b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.79b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.85b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.16a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among yield and fruit quality in the different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the growing season (2014/2015), which incorporated the added variable of crop sequence, the yield and quality advantages of integrated management persisted, though overall productivity was lower due to cumulative disease pressure, reaffirming the critical importance of strategic cropping patterns. While the productivity decreased across the second season, the combination of grafting and 60 T/Ha organic amendment dose again produced the best outcomes. For example, in the sequence where grafted watermelon followed melon, the 60 T/Ha amendment yielded 2.93 kg/plant, which was nearly five times greater than the non amended control yield of 0.61 kg/plant. Similarly, grafted melon following squash-yielded 1.11 kg/plant at the high amendment dose, compared to 0.38 kg/plant in the control. Fruit quality remained superior in these integrated treatments; grafted melon at 60 T/Ha achieved a sugar concentration of 9.14 \u0026deg;Brix and a firmness of 0.64 g-force, significantly higher than the 6.28 \u0026deg;Brix and 0.22 g-force in the control. The data revealed the yield-limiting effect of poor crop sequences. Melon following watermelon, a high-risk sequence, produced the lowest yields for melon, reaching only 0.77 kg/plant even at the 60 T/Ha. Conversely, squash, when following grafted melon, showed resilience and a strong response to amendment, yielding 1 kg/plant at 60 T/Ha compared to 0.08 kg/plant in the control. These results underscored that while high organic amendment and grafting are fundamental for productivity, the full agronomic and economic benefit is only realized when they are deployed within a crop sequence that minimized the carryover of soil-borne inoculum to susceptible hosts (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield and fruit quality parameters of cucurbit cropsat six sampling dates (E1-E6, corresponding to 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAT) in soil from different cucurbit crops and previous crop sequences (M: melon, GM: grafted melon, W: watermelon, GW: grafted watermelon, and S: squash) amended with four doses of organic manure (untreated control (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), or 60 (T3) T/Ha) during the 2014/2015 growing season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious crops\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of organic manure (T/Ha)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield and fruit quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of fruits per plant (fruits/plant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit yield (kg/plant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar concentration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirmness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1d\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17bc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.05a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003end\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eDuncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test is for comparison of means among yield and fruit quality in the different organic manure doses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eProbabilities associated with individual F tests.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe sustainable management of soil-borne pathogens like \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e required integrated approaches that address pathogen dynamics, soil health, and crop resilience simultaneously (Al-Daghari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). This study demonstrated that the confluence of grafting, high-rate organic amendment, and strategic crop sequencing created a robust defensive framework against MRRVD, offering a viable alternative to chemical-dependent control in cucurbit production systems (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effectiveness of this integrated strategy stems from its multi-layered impact on the pathogen's life cycle (Costa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The stability of ascospore densities in soils planted with grafted melon under high organic amendment indicated not merely a delay in disease progression, but an active suppression of pathogen reproduction and inoculum buildup (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Merteley et al. (1993) and Stanghellini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1996\u003c/span\u003e) found that if the number of ascospores remains statistically stable throughout the life cycle of the plant where the final population is less than or equal to the initial population, this will shows that there is an obstacle to ascospores germination of penetration into the plant tissue. These results are in the same direction as Beltran et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e) who proved the stability of the densities of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospores throughout the cycle of watermelon plants. Beltran et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) investigated the epidemiology of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e in melon, watermelon and grafted watermelon crops grown in 2003 and 2004. The ascospore density recorded at melon and watermelon plants showed a reduction at 57 DAP and an increase at the end of the season, in contrast to grafted watermelon crop with a stability of the density. According to the progression of MRRVD adjusted in logistic and exponential model, the first symptoms were observed at 37 DAP (melon) (at 2003) and 48 DAP (watermelon) (at 2004) and the disease incidence of 100% was reached (Beltran et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is a critical advance, as the long-term survival of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e in soil is largely dependent on the continuous production of ascospores in infected root residues. Grafting onto resistant \u003cem\u003eCucurbita\u003c/em\u003e rootstocks likely limits successful root colonization, thereby reducing the sites available for perithecial formation (Crosby et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Concurrently, the incorporation of organic manure fundamentally modified the soil ecology (Tavares et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Beyond its documented benefits on soil structure and fertility, organic amendment enriched the soil microbiome, fostering communities that compete with or antagonize soil-borne pathogens through various mechanisms such as niche exclusion, hyperparasitism, and the induction of systemic resistance in host plants (Abbas et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The observed suppression in both grafted and non-grafted, but heavily amended, plots supported the concept of \"general soil suppressiveness,\" where the overall microbial activity and diversity become the first line of defense against MRRVD (Mustafa and Abdullah \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The improvement of the biological soil quality by organic amendments has been proved by it suppressiveness against soilborne fungi, such as \u003cem\u003ePythium\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eFusarium\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eSclerotinia\u003c/em\u003e sp. and \u003cem\u003eRhizoctonia\u003c/em\u003e spp. (Correa-Delgado et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2026\u003c/span\u003e). This suppression has often been attributed to an increase in microbial density and activity, known to be antagonistic to phytopathogens, isolated from organic amendments in particular \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eBacillus\u003c/em\u003e spp., and \u003cem\u003eTrichoderma\u003c/em\u003e spp. (Akanmu et al. 2021). Likewise, the activity of a compost extract was similar to that of salicylic acid against \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas syringae\u003c/em\u003e. This leads to the conclusion that secondary metabolites excreted by certain microorganisms during extraction appear to be responsible for the suppression of the pathogens tested (Silva and Canellas \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Thus, the soil becomes an environment in which competition between microorganisms is important, contributing to the phenomenon of soil resistance and acting by competition, antibiosis, parasitism and induction of systemic resistance (Akanmu et al. 2021). Grafting melon and watermelon onto \u003cem\u003eCucurbita\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rootstocks is a promising management strategy against MRRVD (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Although \u003cem\u003eCucurbita\u003c/em\u003e hybrids are not completely resistant to \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e, they provide satisfactory control and reduce crop losses (Beltran et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e). In general, grafted plants are more vigorous and productive, showing an improved agronomic performance due to a better tolerance to diverse environmental stresses, such as soil type, high soil salinity, low temperatures and drought (Marquez et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe profound influence of crop sequencing, revealed distinctly in the second season, underscored the epidemiological of breaking host continuity (Al-Daghari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The most detrimental sequences involved successive plantings of highly susceptible non-grafted cucurbits, which acted as a conduit for unchecked inoculum amplification (Zhang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). In contrast, sequences incorporating grafted plants or the tolerant squash interrupted this cycle. Squash, while a host appears to support significantly lower pathogen reproduction, thereby acting as a \"cleaning\" crop that reduces the inoculum load passed to the subsequent, more valuable grafted melon crop (Pourkheirandish et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). This finding emphasized that crop rotation should not be viewed merely as the avoidance of a host, but as the strategic deployment of crops with varying levels of susceptibility and capacity to modulate soil inoculum (Hossain et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). It reinforced the principle that the efficacy of host resistance (grafting) and soil amendments is contingent upon the initial inoculum pressure, which can be managed through the cropping patterns (Costa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significant enhancements in yield and fruit quality, particularly the synergistic boost in grafted, amended treatments, transcend the metrics of disease control (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). They pointed to a holistic improvement in plant physiological performance (Crosby et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Plants liberated from severe root pathogen pressure can allocate more resources to growth and fruit development (Mustafa and Abdullah \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, the improved soil physical and biological environment from organic amendment likely enhanced water and nutrient use efficiency, while grafting may improve vigor and stress tolerance (Al-Daghari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The resultant higher fruit firmness and sugar content are not just indicators of better marketability but are also suggestive of improved plant health and metabolic efficiency (Costa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This synergy transformed the management strategy from one focused solely on pathogen reduction to one that actively promoted crop productivity and quality, enhancing farm profitability and sustainability (Cavalcante et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research contributed to the foundational science of Integrated Disease Management (IDM) by demonstrating how synergistic agronomic interventions, specifically the coupling of host resistance via grafting with soil microbiome modulation via organic amendment, can durably suppress a soil-borne ascomycete pathogen, \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e, under field conditions. The study provided empirical evidence for the ecological intensification of cucurbit production, wherein ecosystem services (e.g., microbial antagonism, nutrient cycling) are harnessed to replace synthetic inputs, thereby increasing system stability and reducing environmental externalities. Future research priorities should include a metabolomic and metagenomic dissection of the suppressive microbial consortia enriched by the high-dose amendment to identify keystone taxa and functional pathways, alongside a full life-cycle assessment to quantify the net agroecological benefits. Furthermore, the development of predictive models integrating soil inoculum density, amendment composition, and climatic variables will be crucial for optimizing this IDM framework across heterogeneous agroecosystems. Ultimately, this work underscored that durable pathogen management in perennial cropping systems requires a transition from simple, disruptive control to the strategic engineering of suppressive soil-plant microbiomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis research was supported by LR21AGR05, University of Sousse, Tunisia. The experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompliance with ethical standards\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman participants and/or animals\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed consent\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData will be available on request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbbas, A., Naveed, M., Shehzad Khan, K., Ashraf, M., Siddiqui, M.H., Abbas, N., Mustafa, A., \u0026amp;Ali, L. (2024). The Efficacy of Organic Amendments on Maize Productivity, Soil Properties and Active Fractions of Soil Carbon in OrganicMatter Deficient Soil. \u003cem\u003eSpan. J. 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Nat Commun 14, 4327 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39952-x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"european-journal-of-plant-pathology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ejpp","sideBox":"Learn more about [European Journal of Plant Pathology](http://link.springer.com/journal/10658)","snPcode":"10658","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ejpp/default2.aspx","title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Crop sequence, Soil organic amendment, Grafting, Ascospore dynamics, Monosporascus cannonballus, Cucurbitaceae, Sustainable Agriculture","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9319897/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9319897/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMonosporascus root rot and vine decline (MRRVD), caused by \u003cem\u003eMonosporascus cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e, is a destructive soil-borne disease threatening cucurbit production worldwide, particularly in arid regions. While organic amendments, grafting, and crop rotation are individually recognized as beneficial practices, their combined efficacy under field conditions remains inadequately studied. This two-year field study (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) evaluated as an integrated management strategy for five cucurbit crops (melon, grafted melon, watermelon, grafted watermelon, and squash) by combining three doses of organic manure (0, 20, 40, and 60 T/Ha) with crop sequencing. Our results demonstrated that the integration of grafting with a high dose of organic amendment (60 T/Ha) was most effective in reducing the pathogen. For grafted melon plots amended with 60 T/Ha, the population dynamics of \u003cem\u003eM. cannonballus\u003c/em\u003e ascospores remained stable throughout the growing season (1.72\u0026ndash;1.77 asc/g soil from 15 to 90 days after transplanting), whereas non-grafted and non amended plots showed significant increases, reaching up to 2.60 asc/g soil in watermelon. Disease incidence and root lesion severity were significantly decreased in grafted plants receiving 60 T/Ha amendments. Furthermore, this combination consistently improved yield and fruit quality parameters, including fruit number, weight, firmness, and sugar concentration. The most beneficial crop sequence involved alternating squash with grafted cucurbits. The synergistic integration of grafting, high-rate organic amendment, and crop sequencing provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing MRRVD in field-grown cucurbits.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Building soil and plant resilience: An integrated program to manage Monosporascus root rot on cucurbit crops","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-20 10:23:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9319897/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-05-08T07:28:54+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-13T05:43:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-10T10:03:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","date":"2026-04-04T07:06:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"european-journal-of-plant-pathology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ejpp","sideBox":"Learn more about [European Journal of Plant Pathology](http://link.springer.com/journal/10658)","snPcode":"10658","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ejpp/default2.aspx","title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9bef651d-1f1a-4f8e-a66f-d14f0b8e212a","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 20th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-05-08T07:28:54+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-20T10:23:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-20 10:23:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9319897","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9319897","identity":"rs-9319897","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}