Prediction of elastic properties of 2D biaxial and triaxial braided composites multi-scale RVE models using the finite element method

Prediction of elastic properties of 2D biaxial and triaxial braided composites multi-scale RVE models using the finite element method | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Prediction of elastic properties of 2D biaxial and triaxial braided composites multi-scale RVE models using the finite element method Ali Shakersoureh, Majid Safarjohari, Hadi Dabiryan, Farzad Hatami, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7520132/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Accurate prediction of the elastic constants of braided composites has become increasingly critical, yet the complex geometry of these materials remains challenging for evaluating stiffness. To address this challenge, a novel multiscale finite-element representative volume element (RVE) framework was developed to predict the elastic behavior of two-dimensional biaxial and triaxial braided composites. An analytical approach was first derived to calculate the minimal curved unit-cell dimensions regardless of braid diameter for the three main patterns as a function of curvature angle and yarn pitch length of the braid structure. Subsequently, periodic RVEs were generated to capture the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Periodic boundary conditions were applied under six independent loading modes to extract the complete anisotropic stiffness tensor. The resulting predictions were validated through uniaxial tensile tests and also three-point bending experiments to confirm the model's robustness under combined stress states, showing an error margin of less than 8% compared to numerical results. A qualitative comparison of maximum principal stress contours further validated the RVE's capability to replicate anisotropic load paths and shear coupling. Taken together, the proposed multiscale RVE–FEM methodology is demonstrated to be a reliable, physics-based tool for the design and optimization of braided composite structures. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Braided composite Numerical analysis RVE Multiscale modelling Elastic property prediction Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7520132","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":513716932,"identity":"ec5edc68-fbf8-4064-9a66-9514ad667d10","order_by":0,"name":"Ali Shakersoureh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"","lastName":"Shakersoureh","suffix":""},{"id":513716933,"identity":"d8f29e3b-8a66-4052-b21b-7f88fd308e06","order_by":1,"name":"Majid Safarjohari","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACgwMH2ICUhBxMgIegFkuoFmMGBmYitdgfYABpYUhsgGohDMwOHj724Ocei/T+GfkHGH7UMMiYNxDScuBYumHPM4ncGTeSGRh7jjHwyBwgqOWMmQTPAYncBqAWBt4GBh4JQg4zAGqR/HNAIl0eZMtfYrVIA21JMABqYSbSlmNp0jIHJAw3nnlscFjmmAQRWm4cPib55kCdvNzxxIcP39TY2BPUwiBxAMEGMglrYGDgbyBC0SgYBaNgFIxsAABZwT8meQHc4AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Majid","middleName":"","lastName":"Safarjohari","suffix":""},{"id":513716934,"identity":"5ae63941-d509-4f65-a861-262611e46e6f","order_by":2,"name":"Hadi Dabiryan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hadi","middleName":"","lastName":"Dabiryan","suffix":""},{"id":513716935,"identity":"5bef9865-8c41-45be-85c4-31a562585e05","order_by":3,"name":"Farzad Hatami","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Farzad","middleName":"","lastName":"Hatami","suffix":""},{"id":513716936,"identity":"7a189a25-f8b9-4555-99b6-dad64f6b28bd","order_by":4,"name":"Faridreza Biglari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Faridreza","middleName":"","lastName":"Biglari","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-02 17:23:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7520132/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7520132/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92950573,"identity":"00cfdf7f-e3d1-4975-81dd-54143d30de44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-07 13:06:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1782985,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Finalmanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7520132/v1_covered_87cacac2-e331-48ba-beae-e8e56b7d4dc6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Prediction of elastic properties of 2D biaxial and triaxial braided composites multi-scale RVE models using the finite element method","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Braided composite, Numerical analysis, RVE, Multiscale modelling, Elastic property prediction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7520132/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7520132/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAccurate prediction of the elastic constants of braided composites has become increasingly critical, yet the complex geometry of these materials remains challenging for evaluating stiffness. To address this challenge, a novel multiscale finite-element representative volume element (RVE) framework was developed to predict the elastic behavior of two-dimensional biaxial and triaxial braided composites. An analytical approach was first derived to calculate the minimal curved unit-cell dimensions regardless of braid diameter for the three main patterns as a function of curvature angle and yarn pitch length of the braid structure. Subsequently, periodic RVEs were generated to capture the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Periodic boundary conditions were applied under six independent loading modes to extract the complete anisotropic stiffness tensor. The resulting predictions were validated through uniaxial tensile tests and also three-point bending experiments to confirm the model's robustness under combined stress states, showing an error margin of less than 8% compared to numerical results. A qualitative comparison of maximum principal stress contours further validated the RVE's capability to replicate anisotropic load paths and shear coupling. Taken together, the proposed multiscale RVE\u0026ndash;FEM methodology is demonstrated to be a reliable, physics-based tool for the design and optimization of braided composite structures.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prediction of elastic properties of 2D biaxial and triaxial braided composites multi-scale RVE models using the finite element method","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-18 06:05:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7520132/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"24ff2f67-813b-4485-9224-54947d333838","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":54577758,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":54577759,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"},{"id":54577760,"name":"Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-07T12:55:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-18 06:05:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7520132","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7520132","identity":"rs-7520132","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}