Investigation of the effectiveness of rice straw nanobiochar treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in reducing the concentration of surfactants     

Investigation of the effectiveness of rice straw nanobiochar treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in reducing the concentration of surfactants | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation of the effectiveness of rice straw nanobiochar treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in reducing the concentration of surfactants Alla Smolyanichenko This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9131270/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Urbanized areas are characterized by high traffic of motor vehicles, which in turn requires regular maintenance, including washing. Car wash enterprises operate in various modes - manual, automatic, semi-automatic, but in any case, significant volumes of water are required. Wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of various pollutants, including surfactants. In the case of discharge of untreated wastewater into a body of water, surfactants can initiate the process of eutrophication in it, thereby disrupting the existing ecosystem. In this regard, the aim of the research presented in the article is to reduce the concentration of surfactants by the method of sorption treatment using rice straw nanobiochar processed by Bacillus subtilis bacteria. According to the literature review, previously published works have established the high efficiency of rice straw biochar in reducing the concentration of surfactants. However, the presence of heavy metals in wastewater reduces the adsorption efficiency of surfactants. It is known that Bacillus subtilis bacteria are capable of bioaccumulating heavy metals and also directly cause degradation of Bacillus subtilis. In addition, literature sources provide information on the possibility of using nanobiochar as a carrier of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Based on the above, studies were conducted to reduce the concentration of surfactants in model waters with an initial value of 9.5 mg/l at a sorbent dose of 2.0 mg/l. In addition, the physicochemical and sorption properties of processed nanobiochar were studied, electron microscopy photographs were obtained, thermogravimetric analysis was carried out, and its diffractogram was made. The sorption process itself was carried out in a static mode with a contact time of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 minutes. According to the experimental data, the optimal result was obtained with a contact time of 10 minutes. Rice straw nanobiochar car wash wastewater surfactant biosorption Bacillus subtilis B-76 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 21 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 15 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9131270","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":616076993,"identity":"3945da2c-8349-4e7d-8edd-9a51fa966228","order_by":0,"name":"Alla Smolyanichenko","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAwwMNjxs7M1A2sCCaC1pcvw8xxKAWiSItuiwseQMHwMggwgt/LPPHjz4g4E5ccMNnq8bfhRIMJjPSMCvReJcXsJhHga2xA23e7fd7AE6TOYGAS0MZ3gMDjP+40nccOfsths8QC0SEgS0yAO1AB0mAXRYzrObf4jRYgDUcoCHwQDo/Ry220TZYniGD+SXBFAgm92WMZDgkeB5gF+L3Bnewx9/MPwHReWzm2/+2MhJsBOwhYGBBy+XGC2jYBSMglEwCjAAALw0QOpk9e6RAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Don State Technical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alla","middleName":"","lastName":"Smolyanichenko","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-15 22:08:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9131270/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9131270/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106403864,"identity":"32e4d0d2-2cd1-4cb1-b240-a51783ac079e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 09:15:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":697960,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SorbBacSubman.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9131270/v1_covered_938fcfe6-1e79-4f63-af0e-1ac15819260a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigation of the effectiveness of rice straw nanobiochar treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in reducing the concentration of surfactants ","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nanotechnology-for-environmental-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ntee","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/41204)","snPcode":"41204","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41204/3","title":"Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Rice straw, nanobiochar, car wash wastewater, surfactant, biosorption, Bacillus subtilis B-76","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9131270/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9131270/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUrbanized areas are characterized by high traffic of motor vehicles, which in turn requires regular maintenance, including washing. 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