Harnessing an integrated glyco-nanovaccine technology for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy, particularly using immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized cancer treatment; however, its efficacy remains limited to a subset of patients. Nanoparticles have potential in cancer treatment because they offer advantages such as biocompatibility, greater stability, and precise targeting capabilities. In this study, we investigated the potential of an integrated glyco-nanovaccine (iGN) comprising gold nanoparticles conjugated with a synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) ligand, sugar chains, and peptide antigens for cancer immunotherapy. In murine models, iGN effectively induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, demonstrating prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against tumor growth. iGN stimulated antigen-presenting cells via the TLR7–MYD88 pathway, enhancing antigen presentation and priming of cytotoxic T cells. Combination therapy with iGN and anti-PD-1 antibodies further enhanced the therapeutic outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of iGN as a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy, particularly when used in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, to bolster antitumor immune responses and improve therapeutic outcomes.