Cannabis Use in Adults with Neuropathic versus Non-Neuropathic Pain
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Abstract Introduction: Cannabis has been decriminalized by many states and shows promise in treating both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examines differences in cannabis use in adults with a primary condition of neuropathic versus non-neuropathic chronic pain. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional survey data collected demographics and patient-reported outcomes including pain intensity and interference. Information regarding the type and frequency of cannabis-product use was also recorded. Participants were stratified into groups based on their most bothersome type of pain: neuropathic and non-neuropathic. Between group statistics assessed for differences. Results: Our sample consisted of 104 participants (61.5% female); with 36.5% reporting their most bothersome pain being neuropathic and 63.5% being non-neuropathic. Participants with neuropathic pain used cannabis and cannabis-based products significantly more days over the previous month and, when used, significantly more often per day. Discussion: This study found that adults with neuropathic pain used cannabis, especially Tetrahydrocannabinol-only (THC) and THC/Cannabidiol (CBD) combination products, more frequently than those with non-neuropathic pain. Those with neuropathic pain also reported higher levels of pain intensity and interference. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm whether increased use of THC-rich cannabis provided symptom relief for adults with neuropathic pain.
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Cannabis Use in Adults with Neuropathic versus Non-Neuropathic Pain | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Cannabis Use in Adults with Neuropathic versus Non-Neuropathic Pain Carl Joshua Laroya, Crystal Lederhos Smith, Ross J. Bindler, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6017718/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: Cannabis has been decriminalized by many states and shows promise in treating both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examines differences in cannabis use in adults with a primary condition of neuropathic versus non-neuropathic chronic pain. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional survey data collected demographics and patient-reported outcomes including pain intensity and interference. Information regarding the type and frequency of cannabis - product use was also recorded. Participants were stratified into groups based on their most bothersome type of pain: neuropathic and non-neuropathic. Between group statistics assessed for differences. Results: Our sample consisted of 104 participants (61.5% female); with 36.5% reporting their most bothersome pain being neuropathic and 63.5% being non-neuropathic. Participants with neuropathic pain used cannabis and cannabis-based products significantly more days over the previous month and, when used, significantly more often per day. Discussion: This study found that adults with neuropathic pain used cannabis, especially Tetrahydrocannabinol-only (THC) and THC/Cannabidiol (CBD) combination products, more frequently than those with non-neuropathic pain. Those with neuropathic pain also reported higher levels of pain intensity and interference. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm whether increased use of THC-rich cannabis provided symptom relief for adults with neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain Chronic pain Cannabis Tetrahydrocannabinol THC Cannabidiol CBD THC/CBD Pain management Figures Figure 1 Introduction Chronic pain impacts an estimated 20% of the global population, with over 100 million people affected in the US. 1,2 This condition imposes a substantial burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike, necessitating effective and sustainable treatment strategies. Chronic pain can be broadly classified into neuropathic pain, caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system, and non-neuropathic pain, stemming from neural pathway activity in response to actual tissue damage or potentially harmful stimuli. 3,4 The distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these pain types suggest the need for differentiated therapeutic approaches. Most states allow for legal medical or non-medical use of cannabis and some evidence supports its effectiveness in managing both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. 5 Cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system, making it a potential treatment for neuropathic pain. In a systematic review, cannabis-based treatments, particularly nabiximols, are likely effective in reducing neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, although results vary by product and patient population. 6 Similarly, a multicriteria decision analysis study found that cannabis-based medicinal products, especially those with a 1:1 tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol (THC/CBD) ratio, achieved the highest scores in managing chronic neuropathic pain due to their positive impact on quality of life and a favorable side effect profile. 7 Cannabis outperformed traditional pharmacotherapies like duloxetine and gabapentin. 7 However, further trials are needed to confirm long-term safety and efficacy. For non-neuropathic pain, cannabis' anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties offer benefits, as evidenced by an improvement in hand function, grip strength, and reduced pain scores in patients with hand osteoarthritis 8 , and reduced pain scores in cancer patients. 9 Along with positive outcomes, significant gaps remain regarding the specific types of cannabis products and their health impacts, highlighting the need for further research to optimize use and address potential adverse effects and inconsistencies in effectiveness compared to non-use. 10,11 This study seeks to evaluate and compare cannabis use patterns among adults with neuropathic versus non-neuropathic pain, focusing on the differential use of THC- and CBD-only products. As part of a larger longitudinal observational study investigating health outcomes over time in U.S. adults experiencing pain, we analyzed baseline data to identify variations in cannabis use patterns and health outcomes within specific patient populations. Methods People receiving care at a partnering interventional pain clinic in the northwest region of the US were recruited into a longitudinal observational survey-based study. Eligible individuals provided informed consent hosted within the primary research university’s online Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) 12 system. Key eligibility criteria included being an adult (21 years or older, or 18 to 20 years with a cannabis use authorization) experiencing pain and using any cannabis-based products without any significant medical conditions that would prohibit survey completion. Following verification by the research and clinic teams, participants were sent a baseline survey which included demographic information as well as valid and reliable self-report measures related to pain and cannabis/cannabis-product use. Outcome measures included the ID-Pain tool (Pfizer) 13 to assess the presence of neuropathic pain as the most bothersome pain type, and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Informational System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity 14 and Interference 15 . A cutoff score of ≥3 on the ID-Pain signifies neuropathic pain based on the tool’s robust diagnostic performance, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89, indicating excellent diagnostic accuracy. 13 After the first six months of recruiting, a cross-sectional data export of the initial survey was created. Categorical variables were summarized with counts and frequencies while means and standard deviations were used for continuous variables. Linear regressions were run to evaluate whether the presence of neuropathic pain was associated with number of days per month of each type of cannabis use, as well as number of times per day of each type of cannabis use. Models included covariates of age and birth sex. The study was reviewed and approved by the primary research university’s institution review board (IRB). Good research and clinical principles were followed throughout. Results A total of 113 individuals were recruited during the first six months of the study. Of these, three participants reported experiencing only headache-related pain, which is not classified as neuropathic or non-neuropathic pain, leaving 110 participants in Table 1. Additionally, six individuals opted not to provide cannabis use information, resulting in the 104 participants referenced in Table 2. Most participants were female (57.7%), White (92%), and non-Hispanic/Latino/a/x, with an average age of 55 years (SD: 13.3). Participants with neuropathic pain reported significantly higher pain intensity and interference scores (PROMIS) compared to those with non-neuropathic pain, highlighting greater overall burden in this group (Table 1). A full demographic summary is available in Table 1. Cannabis use patterns differed between the neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain groups. Participants with neuropathic pain used each of the cannabis product designations (THC/CBD, THC only, CBD only) more days in the last month than participants with non-neuropathic pain (Figure 1a). Overall, 88% (n=91) of participants used products containing THC, whether in combination with CBD or without CBD, and 12% (n=12) exclusively used CBD-only products (i.e., did not use THC at all; Table 2). Regression models revealed that participants with neuropathic pain used combination THC/CBD products nearly six days more per month compared to those with non-neuropathic pain (b=5.96, p<0.05). This suggests a stronger perceived or actual benefit of THC/CBD products in neuropathic pain management. Similarly, the seven-day increase in THC-only product use (b=7.04, p<0.05) highlights the importance of further exploring THC’s specific role in alleviating neuropathic symptoms. The presence of neuropathic pain was also associated with a higher number of times per day of cannabis use (Figure 1b). For example, participants with neuropathic pain used combination THC/CBD products and THC-only products on average five or more times per day (36.8% and 18.4%, respectively), compared to those with non-neuropathic pain, who used them once (25.8%) or twice (18.2%) per day. Regression models, controlling for age and sex, indicated that for combination THC/CBD products, neuropathic pain was significantly related to more frequent use per day (b=1.09, p<0.01). For THC-only products, neuropathic pain was similarly associated with a higher frequency of use per day (b=0.97, p0.05). Additional detail on cannabis use patterns for both groups can be found in Table 2. Discussion This study highlights differences in cannabis use between adults with neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. Individuals with neuropathic pain in this sample of adults recruited from an urban pain specialty clinic report using cannabis more frequently, both in terms of days per month and times per day, especially THC-only and combination THC/CBD products. These results are consistent with previous studies, which found THC products to be more effective in managing neuropathic pain by interacting with the endocannabinoid system. 6,7 Participants with neuropathic pain showed a preference for combination THC/CBD products and used edibles, whole flower, and topicals more frequently than those with non-neuropathic pain. This preference may reflect the longer-lasting effects and ease of use associated with edible products. Concentrates, which contain higher levels of cannabinoids, were also more frequently used by neuropathic pain participants compared to non-neuropathic pain participants. Adults with neuropathic pain may use cannabis more frequently due to unique physiological processes that limit the effectiveness of conventional treatments. 16 Although less evidence supports the benefits of cannabis in treating non-neuropathic pain, the interaction between cannabis and CB1 receptors in the nervous system may provide more targeted relief for neuropathic pain. 17,18 Such a mechanism could explain the reduced cannabis use among those with non-neuropathic pain. It is worth noting that both groups reported using THC/CBD combination products most commonly and on the most days of the month, with neuropathic pain participants averaging 26 days per month and non-neuropathic pain participants averaging 20 days per month. It is also notable that those with neuropathic pain in this sample reported higher levels of pain intensity and pain interference. Potentially, their higher symptom burden contributed to more cannabis use and could represent pain management that is in need of greater attention. The observed preferences suggest potential gaps in the effectiveness of conventional treatments for neuropathic pain, highlighting the possible role of cannabis as an adjunctive therapy. Clinicians should consider these patterns when recommending cannabis products, tailoring choices based on product pharmacokinetics and patient needs. While cannabis shows promise, frequent use raises concerns about dependency and adverse effects, particularly among patient with neuropathic pain requiring higher usage rates. These risks underline the importance of personalized therapy and patient monitoring to balance efficacy and safety. Within this sample, these findings suggest cannabis products rich in THC or with a balanced THC/CBD ratio are desirable within populations with neuropathic pain and may be beneficial or at least perceived as beneficial. Individualized assessments are essential due to the uncertain long-term safety of frequent cannabis use, which raises concerns about cognitive impairment, tolerance, and dependency, necessitating patient education on responsible use, monitoring for overuse, and periodic breaks to prevent tolerance. These steps are important to ensure cannabis remains a safe and effective adjunct to conventional pain therapies. 19 The study’s cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data limit causal interpretations and may introduce recall or selection bias. While the ID-Pain tool demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, it should complement, not replace, clinical judgment. 20 Yet, the confidential collection of survey data allowed for capturing rare information about cannabis use among adults with pain. Further research with randomized, blinded designs are needed to clarify whether increased cannabis use in neuropathic pain leads to improved outcomes or adverse effects, as well as to optimize cannabis use in pain management by balancing its benefits and risks. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the primary university’s institutional review board and human research protection program and good clinical and research principles outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki were followed throughout. All participants provided informed consent prior to beginning the study, were allowed to decline to answer specific survey items, and could withdraw at any time. (#17748) Consent for publication Informed consent was obtained for all participants prior to enrollment in the study. All were informed that information collected during the course of the study would be used in publications and all authors have agreed with submission of the article. Availability of data and materials Data can be made available upon reasonable request to the senior author (MW) following completion of the required approval processes. Competing interests The authors report no conflicts of interest. Funding This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through grant #1S06GM142130-01 (PI: Stacy M. Rasmus, PhD) Native American Research Centers for Health XI: Association Between Cannabis and Pain Outcomes in a Tribally Operated Clinic. Author’s Contributions Carl Joshua Laroya: Conceptualization, Writing-Original Draft. Crystal Lederhos Smith: Software, Formal Analysis, Data Curation, Visualization, Writing - Review & Editing. Ross J. Bindler: Methodology, Investigation, Writing - Review & Editing. Michael McDonell: Funding Acquisition, Writing - Review & Editing. Jamie Lewis: Resources, Supervision, Writing - Review & Editing. Marian Wilson: Funding Acquisition, Validation, Supervision, Project Administration, Writing - Review & Editing. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the Northwest Spine and Pain Medicine team as well as the patients who participated in the study. We also appreciate the support from Stacy M. Rasmus, PhD and her team at Northwest Indian College. The authors would also like to thank Pfizer Inc.'s Patient-Centered Outcomes Assessment team for granting permission to use the ID-Pain tool in this study. Their support has been invaluable in facilitating the research process. References Wang L, Hong PJ, May C, et al. Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2021;374:n1034. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1034. McDonagh MS, Morasco BJ, Wagner J, et al. Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med 2022;175:1143-1153. doi: 10.7326/M21-4520. Sokolaj E, Assareh N, Anderson K, et al. Cannabis constituents for chronic neuropathic pain; reconciling the clinical and animal evidence. J Neurochem 2023;00:1–14. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15964. Bennici A, Mannucci C, Calapai F, et al. Safety of Medical Cannabis in Neuropathic Chronic Pain Management. Molecules 2021;26(20):6257. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206257. Campos RMP, Aguiar AFL, et al. Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: From Animal Research to Human Treatment. Front Physiol 2021;12:785176. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785176. Filippini G, Minozzi S, Borrelli F, et al. Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022;5(5). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013444.pub2. Nutt DJ, Phillips LD, Barnes MP, et al. A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Comparing Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Neuropathic Pain, Including Cannabinoids and Cannabis-Based Medical Products. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022;7(4):482-500. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0129482. Bawa Z, Lewis D, Gavin PD, et al. An open-label feasibility trial of transdermal cannabidiol for hand osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):11792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62428-x. Zylla DM, Eklund J, et al. A randomized trial of medical cannabis in patients with stage IV cancers to assess feasibility, dose requirements, impact on pain and opioid use, safety, and overall patient satisfaction. Support Care Cancer 2021;29(12):7471-7478. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06301-x. Arout CA, Haney M, Herrmann ES, et al. A placebo-controlled investigation of the analgesic effects, abuse liability, safety and tolerability of a range of oral cannabidiol doses in healthy humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022;88(1):347-355. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14973. 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Participant Demographics Neuropathic Pain (n=42) Non-neuropathic Pain (n=68) Total Sample (n=113) Age* 53 (12.6) 56 (13.8) 55 (13.3) Gender Male 17 (44.7%) 22 (33.3%) 39 (37.5%) Female 19 (50.0%) 41 (62.0%) 60 (57.7%) Transgender 1 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.0%) Non-binary 1 (2.6%) 3 (4.5%) 4 (3.8%) Birth Sex Male 18 (47.4%) 22 (33.3%) 40 (38.5%) Female 20 (52.6%) 44 (66.7%) 64 (61.5%) Race Indigenous 1 (2.6%) 1 (1.5%) 2 (1.9%) Asian American 0 (0.0%) 2 (3.0%) 2 (1.9%) Black or African American 1 (2.6%) 3 (4.5%) 4 (3.8%) White 34 (89.5%) 62 (93.9%) 96 (92.3%) Other 2 (5.3%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) Ethnicity Hispanic and/or Latino/Latina/Latinx 0 (0.0%) 3 (4.5%) 3 (2.9%) Non-Hispanic and/or Non-Latino/Latina/Latinx 33 (86.8%) 63 (95.5%) 96 (92.3%) Marital Status Married 13 (34.0%) 30 (45.5%) 43 (41.3%) Remarried 1 (2.6%) 2 (3.0%) 3 (2.9%) Widowed 1 (2.6%) 7 (10.6%) 8 (7.7%) Separated 3 (7.9%) 2 (3.0%) 5 (4.8%) Divorced 11 (28.9%) 16 (24.2%) 27 (26.0%) Never Married 5 (13.2%) 8 (12.1%) 13 (12.5%) Domestic Partnership 3 (7.9%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.9%) Other (both self-declared “single”) 1 (2.6%) 1 (1.5%) 2 (1.9%) Employment Status Full Time 9 (23.7%) 12 (18.2%) 21 (20.2%) Part Time 1 (2.6%) 7 (10.6%) 8 (7.7%) Disabled 16 (42.1%) 23 (34.8%) 39 (37.5%) Retired 8 (21.1%) 18 (27.3%) 26 (25.0%) Student 1 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.0%) Homemaker / stay-at-home parent / caregiver 0 (0.0%) 4 (6.1%) 4 (3.8%) Other 3 (7.9%) 2 (3.0%) 5 (4.8%) Education Level Less than High School 1 (2.6%) 2 (3.0%) 3 (2.9%) Highschool diploma or GED 5 (13.2%) 9 (13.6%) 14 (13.5%) Some College 16 (42.1%) 16 (24.2%) 32 (30.8%) Associate Degree or Technical Certification 9 (23.7%) 17 (25.8%) 26 (25.0%) Bachelor's Degree 6 (15.8%) 14 (21.2%) 20 (19.2%) Graduate Degree 1 (2.6%) 5 (7.6%) 6 (5.8%) Other 0 (0.0%) 3 (4.5%) 3 (2.9%) Have you ever been diagnosed with a mental health disorder? Yes 22 (57.9%) 28 (42.4%) 50 (48.1%) No 16 (42.1%) 37 (56.1%) 53 (51.0%) Mental Health Diagnosis Bipolar I or II 5 (13.2%) 6 (9.1%) 11 (10.6%) Major Depressive Disorder 9 (23.7%) 14 (21.2%) 23 (22.1%) Generalized Anxiety Disorder 13 (34.2%) 13 (19.7%) 26 (25.0%) Schizophrenia 1 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.0%) Other 10 (26.3%) 12 (18.2%) 22 (21.2%) Pain Conditions Arthritis 27 (71.1%) 35 (53.0%) 62 (59.6%) Back Pain 33 (86.8%) 58 (87.9%) 91 (87.5%) Cancer Related 3 (7.9%) 1 (1.5%) 4 (3.8%) Complex Regional Pain Syndrome/ Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 1 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.0%) Fibromyalgia 7 (18.4%) 14 (21.2%) 21 (20.2%) Joint Pain 29 (76.3%) 36 (54.5%) 65 (62.5%) Migraines/Head 15 (39.5%) 23 (34.8%) 38 (36.5%) Neck Pain 29 (76.3%) 25 (37.9%) 54 (51.9%) Nerve Pain/Neuropathy 28 (73.7%) 27 (40.9%) 55 (52.9%) Post-Surgical Pain 11 (28.9%) 4 (6.1%) 15 (14.4%) Other 7 (18.4%) 14 (21.2%) 21 (20.2%) Pain Intensity t-score 70.37 (5.56) 65.79 (5.32) 67.46 (5.82) Pain Interference t-score 70.08 (5.56) 65.49 (6.2 0 ) 67.13 (6.35) Note: Demographics are presented in N (%) unless marked with asterisk (*), wherein they are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation) Table 2. Baseline cannabis use characteristics Neuropathic Pain (n=38) Non-neuropathic Pain (n=66) Total Sample (n=104) Do you use cannabis product(s) that is/are a mix of THC/CBD such as whole leaf marijuana (known as a "bud")? No 7 (18.4%) 20 (30.3%) 27 (26.0%) Yes 31 (81.6%) 46 (69.7%) 77 (74.0%) Whole flower (also known as "bud") 22 (57.9%) 32 (48.5%) 54 (51.9%) 18 (47.4%) 15 (22.7%) 33 (31.7%) 27 (71.1%) 33 (50.0%) 60 (57.7%) 6 (15.8%) 8 (12.1%) 14 (13.5%) Topicals (cannabis infused product applied to skin) 22 (33.3%) 38 (36.5%) Other 0 (0.0%) 4 (6.1%) 4 (3.8%) 22 (57.9%) 31 (47.0%) 53 (51.0%) 19 (28.8%) 37 (35.6%) 31 (47.0%) 57 (54.8%) 16 (42.1%) 24 (36.4%) 40 (38.5%) 26 (8.3) 20 (10.9) 22 (10.3) Once 6 (15.8%) 17 (25.8%) 23 (22.1%) Twice 3 (7.9%) 12 (18.2%) 15 (14.4%) Three times 5 (13.2%) 4 (6.1%) 9 (8.7%) Four times 3 (7.9%) 9 (13.6%) 12 (11.5%) Five or more times 14 (36.8%) 3 (4.5%) 17 (16.3%) Do you use cannabis product(s) that is/are a THC only? No 18 (47.4%) 33 (50.0%) 51 (49.0%) Yes 20 (52.6%) 33 (50.0%) 53 (51.0%) What type of THC only product(s) do you use (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)? [percentage reflects endorsement] Concentrate (product with excess plant materials removed) 12 (31.6%) 14 (21.2%) 26 (25.0%) Edibles (cannabis products meant to be eaten or drunk) 17 (44.7%) 20 (30.3%) 37 (35.6%) Tinctures (herbal solutions in an alcohol mixture) 3 (7.9%) 2 (3.0%) 5 (4.8%) Topicals (cannabis infused product applied to skin) 6 (15.8%) 9 (13.6%) 15 (14.4%) Other 2 (5.3%) 6 (9.1%) 8 (7.7%) How do you administer the THC product(s) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)? Combustion 15 (39.5%) 19 (28.8%) 34 (32.7%) Vaporizing 11 (28.9%) 13 (19.7%) 24 (23.1%) Edible consumption 17 (44.7%) 19 (28.8%) 36 (34.6%) Topical application 6 (15.8%) 8 (12.1%) 14 (13.5%) Other 1 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.0%) How many days in the past 30-days have you used the THC only product(s)?* 24 (9.26) 17 (11.25) 20 (10.92) On days you use the THC only product(s), how many times per day do you use them? Once 4 (10.5%) 15 (22.7%) 19 (18.3%) Twice 4 (10.5%) 6 (9.1%) 10 (9.6%) Three times 2 (5.3%) 3 (4.5%) 5 (4.8%) Four times 3 (7.9%) 5 (7.6%) 8 (7.7%) Five or more times 7 (18.4%) 3 (4.5%) 10 (9.6%) Do you use cannabis product(s) that is/are a CBD only? No 25 (65.8%) 40 (60.6%) 65 (62.5%) Yes 12 (31.6%) 26 (39.4) 38 (36.5%) What type of CBD only product(s) do you use (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)? [percentage reflects endorsement] Concentrate (product with excess plant materials removed) 3 (7.9%) 6 (9.1%) 9 (8.7%) Edibles (cannabis products meant to be eaten or drunk) 10 (26.3%) 15 (22.7%) 25 (24.0%) Tinctures (herbal solutions in an alcohol mixture) 3 (7.9%) 5 (7.6%) 8 (7.7%) Topicals (cannabis infused product applied to skin) 6 (15.8%) 17 (25.8%) 23 (22.1%) Other 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.5%) 1 (1.0%) How do you administer the CBD only product(s) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)? Combustion 5 (13.2%) 4 (6.1%) 9 (8.7%) Vaporizing 3 (7.9%) 4 (6.1%) 7 (6.7%) Edible consumption 10 (26.3%) 18 (27.3%) 28 (26.9%) Topical application 6 (15.8%) 20 (30.3%) 26 (25.0%) How many days in the past 30-days have you used the CBD only product(s)?* 22 (11.57) 12 (9.64) 15 (11.07) On days you use the CBD only product(s), how many times per day do you use them? Once 5 (13.2%) 11 (16.7%) 16 (15.4%) Twice 2 (5.3%) 11 (16.7%) 13 (12.5%) Three times 1 (2.6%) 2 (3.0%) 3 (2.9%) Four times 3 (7.9%) 2 (3.0%) 5 (4.8%) Five or more times 1 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.0%) Note: Demographics are presented in N (%) unless marked with asterisk (*), wherein they are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation). Participants with “headache pain” did not fall into either neuropathic or non-neuropathic pain categories; thus, the number of participants in the total column is not the sum of those in the neuropathic and non-neuropathic columns. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6017718","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":416943475,"identity":"e138e0df-2184-46f3-8084-f876169ee214","order_by":0,"name":"Carl Joshua Laroya","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPjiLnfkAkJSQIaiFDc5iZksAaeEhRQuPAYgiQgv72YePeWrs5M2beT6/ulFjwcPAfvjoBrxaeNKNjXmOJRvOOcy7zTrnGNBhPGlpN/A7LI1NmoftAOMMZt5txjlsQC0SPGb4tfA/A2r5d8B+BjPPM+Ocf8RokQDawtt2IBGohflxbhtRWp4xG87tS06ewcxmxpzbJ8HDRsgv/PxpjA/efLOzncHe/Phzzrc6OX72w8fwagEBJh6YjWCSkHIQYPwBoZk/EKN6FIyCUTAKRh4AAEJnOkgKyLyEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Northwest Spine and Pain Medicine","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carl","middleName":"Joshua","lastName":"Laroya","suffix":""},{"id":416943476,"identity":"a0f16913-18e1-4e73-ac4f-873d8cbb1f0d","order_by":1,"name":"Crystal Lederhos Smith","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Washington State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Crystal","middleName":"Lederhos","lastName":"Smith","suffix":""},{"id":416943477,"identity":"72bdec12-6b20-45d8-8c37-7bf24166dec0","order_by":2,"name":"Ross J. Bindler","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Washington State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ross","middleName":"J.","lastName":"Bindler","suffix":""},{"id":416943478,"identity":"b8bad5ea-37ae-409f-8c64-fc0b3ed4a17a","order_by":3,"name":"Michael McDonell","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Washington State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michael","middleName":"","lastName":"McDonell","suffix":""},{"id":416943479,"identity":"b04a3448-87da-4213-9581-9e78a82500fb","order_by":4,"name":"Jamie Lewis","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwest Spine and Pain Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jamie","middleName":"","lastName":"Lewis","suffix":""},{"id":416943480,"identity":"4bb24d2f-4ced-437a-8eef-303d5ab9e59f","order_by":5,"name":"Marian Wilson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Washington State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marian","middleName":"","lastName":"Wilson","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-12 19:38:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6017718/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6017718/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76688202,"identity":"d7be1e56-98f0-4779-86b9-f6357e335fb8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-19 16:32:08","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":251764,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCannabis Use Patterns Among Adults with Neuropathic and Non-Neuropathic Pain\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cstrong\u003e(a)\u003c/strong\u003eAverage number of days per 30-day period that THC-only, CBD-only, and combination THC/CBD products were used by participants with neuropathic versus non-neuropathic pain. Participants with neuropathic pain reported higher use across all product types compared to those with non-neuropathic pain. \u003cstrong\u003e(b)\u003c/strong\u003eAverage frequency of THC-only, CBD-only, and combination THC/CBD product use per day among participants with neuropathic versus non-neuropathic pain. Participants with neuropathic pain demonstrated more frequent daily use, particularly for THC-only\u003cu\u003e \u003c/u\u003eand combination products.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6017718/v1/d7fc598202af36968d496ad4.png"},{"id":77175079,"identity":"ade0edd7-fa27-41af-ac9a-dbe16cbe8ee3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-26 01:01:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1392121,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6017718/v1/15df6637-358c-4324-b4c2-b09a67427e1f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Cannabis Use in Adults with Neuropathic versus Non-Neuropathic Pain ","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eChronic pain impacts an estimated 20% of the global population, with over 100 million people affected in the US.\u003csup\u003e1,2\u003c/sup\u003e This condition imposes a substantial burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike, necessitating effective and sustainable treatment strategies. Chronic pain can be broadly classified into neuropathic pain, caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system, and non-neuropathic pain, stemming from neural pathway activity in response to actual tissue damage or potentially harmful stimuli.\u003csup\u003e3,4\u003c/sup\u003e The distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these pain types suggest the need for differentiated therapeutic approaches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Most states allow for legal medical or non-medical use of cannabis and some evidence supports its effectiveness in managing both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e Cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system, making it a potential treatment for neuropathic pain. In a systematic review, cannabis-based treatments, particularly nabiximols, are likely effective in reducing neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, although results vary by product and patient population.\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e Similarly, a multicriteria decision analysis study found that cannabis-based medicinal products, especially those with a 1:1 tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol (THC/CBD) ratio, achieved the highest scores in managing chronic neuropathic pain due to their positive impact on quality of life and a favorable side effect profile.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e Cannabis outperformed traditional pharmacotherapies like duloxetine and gabapentin.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e However, further trials are needed to confirm long-term safety and efficacy. For non-neuropathic pain, cannabis\u0026apos; anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties offer benefits, as evidenced by an improvement in hand function, grip strength, and reduced pain scores in patients with hand osteoarthritis\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e, and reduced pain scores in cancer patients.\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e Along with positive outcomes, significant gaps remain regarding the specific types of cannabis products and their health impacts, highlighting the need for further research to optimize use and address potential adverse effects and inconsistencies in effectiveness compared to non-use.\u003csup\u003e10,11\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; This study seeks to evaluate and compare cannabis use patterns among adults with neuropathic versus non-neuropathic pain, focusing on the differential use of THC- and CBD-only products. As part of a larger longitudinal observational study investigating health outcomes over time in U.S. adults experiencing pain, we analyzed baseline data to identify variations in cannabis use patterns and health outcomes within specific patient populations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003ePeople receiving care at a partnering interventional pain clinic in the northwest region of the US were recruited into a longitudinal observational survey-based study. Eligible individuals provided informed consent hosted within the primary research university\u0026rsquo;s online Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e system. Key eligibility criteria included being an adult (21 years or older, or 18 to 20 years with a cannabis use authorization) experiencing pain and using any cannabis-based products without any significant medical conditions that would prohibit survey completion. Following verification by the research and clinic teams, participants were sent a baseline survey which included demographic information as well as valid and reliable self-report measures related to pain and cannabis/cannabis-product use. Outcome measures included the ID-Pain tool (Pfizer)\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e to assess the presence of neuropathic pain as the most bothersome pain type, and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Informational System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e and Interference\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e. A cutoff score of \u0026ge;3 on the ID-Pain signifies neuropathic pain based on the tool\u0026rsquo;s robust diagnostic performance, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89, indicating excellent diagnostic accuracy.\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the first six months of recruiting, a cross-sectional data export of the initial survey was created. Categorical variables were summarized with counts and frequencies while means and standard deviations were used for continuous variables. Linear regressions were run to evaluate whether the presence of neuropathic pain was associated with number of days per month of each type of cannabis use, as well as number of times per day of each type of cannabis use. Models included covariates of age and birth sex. The study was reviewed and approved by the primary research university\u0026rsquo;s institution review board (IRB). Good research and clinical principles were followed throughout.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 113 individuals were recruited during the first six months of the study. Of these, three participants reported experiencing only headache-related pain, which is not classified as neuropathic or non-neuropathic pain, leaving 110 participants in Table 1. Additionally, six individuals opted not to provide cannabis use information, resulting in the 104 participants referenced in Table 2. Most participants were female (57.7%), White (92%), and non-Hispanic/Latino/a/x, with an average age of 55 years (SD: 13.3). Participants with neuropathic pain reported significantly higher pain intensity and interference scores (PROMIS) compared to those with non-neuropathic pain, highlighting greater overall burden in this group (Table 1). A full demographic summary is available in Table 1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCannabis use patterns differed between the neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain groups. Participants with neuropathic pain used each of the cannabis product designations (THC/CBD, THC only, CBD only) more days in the last month than participants with non-neuropathic pain (Figure 1a). Overall, 88% (n=91) of participants used products containing THC, whether in combination with CBD or without CBD, and 12% (n=12) exclusively used CBD-only products (i.e., did not use THC at all; Table 2). Regression models revealed that participants with neuropathic pain used combination THC/CBD products nearly six days more per month compared to those with non-neuropathic pain (b=5.96, p\u0026lt;0.05). This suggests a stronger perceived or actual benefit of THC/CBD products in neuropathic pain management. Similarly, the seven-day increase in THC-only product use (b=7.04, p\u0026lt;0.05) highlights the importance of further exploring THC\u0026rsquo;s specific role in alleviating neuropathic symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe presence of neuropathic pain was also associated with a higher number of times per day of cannabis use (Figure 1b). For example, participants with neuropathic pain used combination THC/CBD products and THC-only products on average five or more times per day (36.8% and 18.4%, respectively), compared to those with non-neuropathic pain, who used them once (25.8%) or twice (18.2%) per day. Regression models, controlling for age and sex, indicated that for combination THC/CBD products, neuropathic pain was significantly related to more frequent use per day (b=1.09, p\u0026lt;0.01). For THC-only products, neuropathic pain was similarly associated with a higher frequency of use per day (b=0.97, p\u0026lt;0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between pain type and the frequency of CBD-only product use per day (b=0.64, p\u0026gt;0.05). Additional detail on cannabis use patterns for both groups can be found in Table 2.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study highlights differences in cannabis use between adults with neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. Individuals with neuropathic pain in this sample of adults recruited from an urban pain specialty clinic report using cannabis more frequently, both in terms of days per month and times per day, especially THC-only and combination THC/CBD products. These results are consistent with previous studies, which found THC products to be more effective in managing neuropathic pain by interacting with the endocannabinoid system.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;6,7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants with neuropathic pain showed a preference for combination THC/CBD products and used edibles, whole flower, and topicals more frequently than those with non-neuropathic pain. This preference may reflect the longer-lasting effects and ease of use associated with edible products. Concentrates, which contain higher levels of cannabinoids, were also more frequently used by neuropathic pain participants compared to non-neuropathic pain participants.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdults with neuropathic pain may use cannabis more frequently due to unique physiological processes that limit the effectiveness of conventional treatments.\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e Although less evidence supports the benefits of cannabis in treating non-neuropathic pain, the interaction between cannabis and CB1 receptors in the nervous system may provide more targeted relief for neuropathic pain.\u003csup\u003e17,18\u003c/sup\u003e Such a mechanism could explain the reduced cannabis use among those with non-neuropathic pain. It is worth noting that both groups reported using THC/CBD combination products most commonly and on the most days of the month, with neuropathic pain participants averaging 26 days per month and non-neuropathic pain participants averaging 20 days per month. It is also notable that those with neuropathic pain in this sample reported higher levels of pain intensity and pain interference. Potentially, their higher symptom burden contributed to more cannabis use and could represent pain management that is in need of greater attention.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe observed preferences suggest potential gaps in the effectiveness of conventional treatments for neuropathic pain, highlighting the possible role of cannabis as an adjunctive therapy. Clinicians should consider these patterns when recommending cannabis products, tailoring choices based on product pharmacokinetics and patient needs. While cannabis shows promise, frequent use raises concerns about dependency and adverse effects, particularly among patient with neuropathic pain requiring higher usage rates. These risks underline the importance of personalized therapy and patient monitoring to balance efficacy and safety.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin this sample, these findings suggest cannabis products rich in THC or with a balanced THC/CBD ratio are desirable within populations with neuropathic pain and may be beneficial or at least perceived as beneficial. Individualized assessments are essential due to the uncertain long-term safety of frequent cannabis use, which raises concerns about cognitive impairment, tolerance, and dependency, necessitating patient education on responsible use, monitoring for overuse, and periodic breaks to prevent tolerance. These steps are important to ensure cannabis remains a safe and effective adjunct to conventional pain therapies.\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study\u0026rsquo;s cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data limit causal interpretations and may introduce recall or selection bias. While the ID-Pain tool demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, it should complement, not replace, clinical judgment.\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e Yet, the confidential collection of survey data allowed for capturing rare information about cannabis use among adults with pain. Further research with randomized, blinded designs are needed to clarify whether increased cannabis use in neuropathic pain leads to improved outcomes or adverse effects, as well as to optimize cannabis use in pain management by balancing its benefits and risks.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the primary university\u0026rsquo;s institutional review board and human research protection program and good clinical and research principles outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki were followed throughout. All participants provided informed consent prior to beginning the study, were allowed to decline to answer specific survey items, and could withdraw at any time. (#17748)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Informed consent was obtained for all participants prior to enrollment in the study. All were informed that information collected during the course of the study would be used in publications and all authors have agreed with submission of the article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Data can be made available upon reasonable request to the senior author (MW) following completion of the required approval processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe authors report no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through grant #1S06GM142130-01 (PI: Stacy M. Rasmus, PhD) Native American Research Centers for Health XI: Association Between Cannabis and Pain Outcomes in a Tribally Operated Clinic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarl Joshua Laroya:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eConceptualization, Writing-Original Draft. \u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Lederhos Smith:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eSoftware,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eFormal Analysis, Data Curation, Visualization, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing. \u003cstrong\u003eRoss J. Bindler:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMethodology, Investigation, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing. \u003cstrong\u003eMichael McDonell:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eFunding Acquisition,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWriting - Review \u0026amp; Editing. \u003cstrong\u003eJamie Lewis:\u003c/strong\u003e Resources, Supervision, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing. \u003cstrong\u003eMarian Wilson:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eFunding Acquisition,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eValidation, Supervision, Project Administration, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe authors would like to acknowledge the Northwest Spine and Pain Medicine team as well as the patients who participated in the study. We also appreciate the support from Stacy M. Rasmus, PhD and her team at Northwest Indian College. The authors would also like to thank Pfizer Inc.\u0026apos;s Patient-Centered Outcomes Assessment team for granting permission to use the ID-Pain tool in this study. Their support has been invaluable in facilitating the research process.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWang L, Hong PJ, May C, et al. Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2021;374:n1034. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1034.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMcDonagh MS, Morasco BJ, Wagner J, et al. Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med 2022;175:1143-1153. doi: 10.7326/M21-4520.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSokolaj E, Assareh N, Anderson K, et al. Cannabis constituents for chronic neuropathic pain; reconciling the clinical and animal evidence. J Neurochem 2023;00:1\u0026ndash;14. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15964.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBennici A, Mannucci C, Calapai F, et al. Safety of Medical Cannabis in Neuropathic Chronic Pain Management. Molecules 2021;26(20):6257. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206257.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCampos RMP, Aguiar AFL, et al. Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: From Animal Research to Human Treatment. Front Physiol 2021;12:785176. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785176.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFilippini G, Minozzi S, Borrelli F, et al. Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022;5(5). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013444.pub2.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNutt DJ, Phillips LD, Barnes MP, et al. A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Comparing Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Neuropathic Pain, Including Cannabinoids and Cannabis-Based Medical Products. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022;7(4):482-500. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0129482.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBawa Z, Lewis D, Gavin PD, et al. An open-label feasibility trial of transdermal cannabidiol for hand osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):11792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62428-x.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZylla DM, Eklund J, et al. A randomized trial of medical cannabis in patients with stage IV cancers to assess feasibility, dose requirements, impact on pain and opioid use, safety, and overall patient satisfaction. Support Care Cancer 2021;29(12):7471-7478. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06301-x.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArout CA, Haney M, Herrmann ES, et al. A placebo-controlled investigation of the analgesic effects, abuse liability, safety and tolerability of a range of oral cannabidiol doses in healthy humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022;88(1):347-355. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14973.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHansen JS, Gustavsen S, Roshanisefat H, et al. Cannabis-Based Medicine for Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity\u0026mdash;A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(8):1079. doi: 10.3390/ph16081079.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHarris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform 2019;95:103208. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePortenoy R. Development and testing of a neuropathic pain screening questionnaire: ID Pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22(8):1555-1565. doi: 10.1185/030079906X115702.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmtmann D, Cook KF, et al. Development of a PROMIS item bank to measure pain interference. Pain 2010;150(1):173-182. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.025.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBonn-Miller MO, Heinz AJ, et al. Preliminary Development of a Brief Cannabis Use Disorder Screening Tool: The Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test Short-Form. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016;1(1):252-261. doi: 10.1089/can.2016.0022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003evan Velzen M, Dahan A, Niesters M. Neuropathic Pain: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2020;1:1. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2020.00001.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUrits I, Charipova K, Gress K, et al. Adverse Effects of Recreational and Medical Cannabis. Psychopharmacol Bull 2021;51(1):94-109.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinn DP, Haroutounian S, Hohmann AG, et al. Cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and pain: a review of preclinical studies. Pain 2021;162:S5-S25. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002268.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilson M, Klein T, Bindler RJ, Kaplan L. Shared Decision-Making for Patients Using Cannabis for Pain Symptom Management in the United States. Pain Manag Nurs 2021;22(1):15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.09.009.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGudala K, Ghai B, Bansal D. Usefulness of four commonly used neuropathic pain screening questionnaires in patients with chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study. Korean J Pain 2017;30(1):51-58. doi: 10.3344/kjp.2017.30.1.51.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Participant Demographics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeuropathic Pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n=42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-neuropathic Pain (n=68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Sample\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n=113)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (12.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (13.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Male\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (44.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Female\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (62.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (57.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Transgender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Non-binary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBirth Sex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Male\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (47.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (38.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Female\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (52.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (66.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (61.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRace\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Indigenous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Asian American\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Black or African American\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;White\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (89.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 (93.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96 (92.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Hispanic and/or Latino/Latina/Latinx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Non-Hispanic and/or Non-Latino/Latina/Latinx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (86.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (95.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96 (92.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarital Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Married\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (34.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (45.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (41.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Remarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Widowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Separated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Divorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (28.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (24.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (26.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Never Married\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Domestic Partnership\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Other (both self-declared \u0026ldquo;single\u0026rdquo;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmployment Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Full Time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (18.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (20.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Part Time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Disabled\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (42.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (34.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Retired\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (21.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Student\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Homemaker / stay-at-home parent / caregiver\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation Level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Less than High School\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Highschool diploma or GED\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (13.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Some College\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (42.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (24.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (30.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Associate Degree or Technical Certification\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (25.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Bachelor\u0026apos;s Degree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (19.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Graduate Degree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (7.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (5.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Other\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHave you ever been diagnosed with a mental health disorder?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (57.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (42.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (48.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (42.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (56.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (51.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMental Health Diagnosis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Bipolar I or II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Major Depressive Disorder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (22.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (34.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Schizophrenia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (18.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePain Conditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Arthritis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (71.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (53.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 (59.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Back Pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (86.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (87.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91 (87.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Cancer Related\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Complex Regional Pain Syndrome/\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Fibromyalgia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (18.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (20.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Joint Pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (76.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (54.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Migraines/Head\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (34.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (36.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Neck Pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (76.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (37.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54 (51.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Nerve Pain/Neuropathy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (73.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (40.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55 (52.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Post-Surgical Pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (28.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (14.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (18.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (20.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePain Intensity t-score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.37 (5.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.79 (5.32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.46 (5.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 36.2319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePain Interference t-score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.2222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.08 (5.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.7053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.49 (6.2\u003cu\u003e0\u003c/u\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.8406%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.13 (6.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Demographics are presented in N (%) unless marked with asterisk (*), wherein they are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Baseline cannabis use characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeuropathic Pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n=38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-neuropathic Pain (n=66)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Sample\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n=104)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDo you use cannabis product(s) that is/are a mix of THC/CBD such as whole leaf marijuana (known as a \u0026quot;bud\u0026quot;)?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (18.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (30.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (26.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (81.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (69.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77 (74.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhole flower (also known as \u0026quot;bud\u0026quot;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (57.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (48.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54 (51.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (47.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (22.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (31.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (71.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (57.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (13.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTopicals (cannabis infused product applied to skin)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (36.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (57.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (47.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (51.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (28.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (35.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (47.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (54.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (42.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (36.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (38.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (10.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (25.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (22.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (18.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (14.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThree times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (8.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFour times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (11.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFive or more times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (36.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (16.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDo you use cannabis product(s) that is/are a THC only?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (47.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (49.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (52.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (51.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat type of THC only product(s) do you use (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)? \u0026nbsp;[percentage reflects endorsement]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentrate (product with excess plant materials removed)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (31.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEdibles (cannabis products meant to be eaten or drunk)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (44.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (30.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (35.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTinctures (herbal solutions in an alcohol mixture)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTopicals (cannabis infused product applied to skin)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (14.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do you administer the THC product(s) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombustion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (39.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (28.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (32.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVaporizing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (28.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (23.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEdible consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (44.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (28.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (34.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTopical application\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (13.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow many days in the past 30-days have you used the THC only product(s)?*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (9.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (11.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (10.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOn days you use the THC only product(s), how many times per day do you use them?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (10.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (22.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (18.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (10.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (9.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThree times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFour times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (7.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFive or more times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (18.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (9.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDo you use cannabis product(s) that is/are a CBD only?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (65.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (60.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (31.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (39.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (36.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat type of CBD only product(s) do you use (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)? \u0026nbsp;[percentage reflects endorsement]\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcentrate (product with excess plant materials removed)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (8.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEdibles (cannabis products meant to be eaten or drunk)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (22.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (24.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTinctures (herbal solutions in an alcohol mixture)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (7.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTopicals (cannabis infused product applied to skin)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (25.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (22.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do you administer the CBD only product(s) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombustion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (8.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVaporizing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEdible consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (26.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (26.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTopical application\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (30.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow many days in the past 30-days have you used the CBD only product(s)?*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (11.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (9.64)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (11.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOn days you use the CBD only product(s), how many times per day do you use them?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (13.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (15.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (16.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThree times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFour times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (7.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFive or more times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Demographics are presented in N (%) unless marked with asterisk (*), wherein they are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation). Participants with \u0026ldquo;headache pain\u0026rdquo; did not fall into either neuropathic or non-neuropathic pain categories; thus, the number of participants in the total column is not the sum of those in the neuropathic and non-neuropathic columns.\u003c/p\u003e\n"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Neuropathic pain, Chronic pain, Cannabis, Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, Cannabidiol, CBD, THC/CBD, Pain management","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6017718/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6017718/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIntroduction: Cannabis has been decriminalized by many states and shows promise in treating both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examines differences in cannabis use in adults with a primary condition of neuropathic versus non-neuropathic chronic pain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaterials and Methods: Cross-sectional survey data collected demographics and patient-reported outcomes including pain intensity and interference. Information regarding the type and frequency of cannabis\u003cdel\u003e-\u003c/del\u003eproduct use was also recorded. Participants were stratified into groups based on their most bothersome type of pain: neuropathic and non-neuropathic. Between group statistics assessed for differences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: Our sample consisted of 104 participants (61.5% female); with 36.5% reporting their most bothersome pain being neuropathic and 63.5% being non-neuropathic. Participants with neuropathic pain used cannabis and cannabis-based products significantly more days over the previous month and, when used, significantly more often per day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscussion: This study found that adults with neuropathic pain used cannabis, especially Tetrahydrocannabinol-only (THC) and THC/Cannabidiol (CBD) combination products, more frequently than those with non-neuropathic pain. Those with neuropathic pain also reported higher levels of pain intensity and interference. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm whether increased use of THC-rich cannabis provided symptom relief for adults with neuropathic pain.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Cannabis Use in Adults with Neuropathic versus Non-Neuropathic Pain ","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-19 16:32:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6017718/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a4b329b4-a833-43cc-a5fd-c5eec2eb109d","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-26T00:53:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-19 16:32:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6017718","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6017718","identity":"rs-6017718","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
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