Chitosan-clay beads: Preparation, characterization and use as water adsorbent

Chitosan-clay beads: Preparation, characterization and use as water adsorbent | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Chitosan-clay beads: Preparation, characterization and use as water adsorbent Abdellah Mourak, mohamed hajjaji, abdelhakim alagui This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5377694/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The microstructure of beads composed of 50 mass% α-chitosan and either montmorillonite, a clay minerals mixture (illite, pyrophyllite, and kaolinite), or palygorskite was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the kinetics of water adsorption and desorption by the beads were studied at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 45°C. Adsorption-desorption cycles were conducted to assess the beads performance. The findings revealed that chitosan and montmorillonite were linked by electrostatic forces, with no intercalation of chitosan observed. Additionally, attractive electrostatic forces were noted between the clay minerals assemblage and chitosan. Conversely, repulsive electrostatic forces occurred between chitosan and palygorskite, with the clay fibers acting as fillers. The study also showed that the maximal adsorption kinetic constants for montmorillonite-containing beads, palygorskite-containing beads, and chitosan beads were 13.6x10⁻³ s⁻¹, 16.7x10⁻³ s⁻¹, and 31x10⁻³ s⁻¹, respectively. As for the beads composed of the clay minerals assemblage, the maximum adsorption kinetic constant was 2.8x10⁻² mg.s⁻¹. Notably, high water adsorption capacities were measured for the beads consisting of palygorskite and the clay minerals assemblage (22% and 34% mass/mass, respectively). Regarding desorption kinetics, relatively high rate constants were determined for beads composed of montmorillonite and the clay minerals assemblage (38.6x10⁻² s⁻¹ and 39x10⁻² s⁻¹, respectively). In addition, more than 90% of adsorbed water was released by all studied beads at 45°C, and the adsorption/desorption performances of the beads were not significantly affected by the applied cycles. Chitosan-clay beads microstructure water adsorption/desorption kinetics study adsorption-desorption cycles beads performances Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5377694","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":376391066,"identity":"9a6ac429-af64-4d75-9b67-5de7f8853815","order_by":0,"name":"Abdellah Mourak","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Cadi Ayyad University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdellah","middleName":"","lastName":"Mourak","suffix":""},{"id":376391068,"identity":"6895a249-c74e-41b1-9ffe-36b7768b9753","order_by":1,"name":"mohamed hajjaji","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Cadi Ayyad University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"hajjaji","suffix":""},{"id":376391069,"identity":"dc5050ff-9445-43fe-a483-ab2a7b9eb798","order_by":2,"name":"abdelhakim alagui","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Cadi Ayyad University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"abdelhakim","middleName":"","lastName":"alagui","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-02 10:23:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5377694/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5377694/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76853196,"identity":"61212134-893b-41ca-af3a-06be25f79ddd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-21 12:17:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2281910,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Text.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5377694/v1_covered_a60db74a-7442-421b-9e58-9c5e3dd57eeb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Chitosan-clay beads: Preparation, characterization and use as water adsorbent","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Chitosan-clay beads, microstructure, water adsorption/desorption, kinetics study, adsorption-desorption cycles, beads performances","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5377694/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5377694/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe microstructure of beads composed of 50 mass% α-chitosan and either montmorillonite, a clay minerals mixture (illite, pyrophyllite, and kaolinite), or palygorskite was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the kinetics of water adsorption and desorption by the beads were studied at temperatures ranging from 25\u0026deg;C to 45\u0026deg;C. Adsorption-desorption cycles were conducted to assess the beads performance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings revealed that chitosan and montmorillonite were linked by electrostatic forces, with no intercalation of chitosan observed. Additionally, attractive electrostatic forces were noted between the clay minerals assemblage and chitosan. Conversely, repulsive electrostatic forces occurred between chitosan and palygorskite, with the clay fibers acting as fillers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study also showed that the maximal adsorption kinetic constants for montmorillonite-containing beads, palygorskite-containing beads, and chitosan beads were 13.6x10⁻\u0026sup3; s⁻\u0026sup1;, 16.7x10⁻\u0026sup3; s⁻\u0026sup1;, and 31x10⁻\u0026sup3; s⁻\u0026sup1;, respectively. As for the beads composed of the clay minerals assemblage, the maximum adsorption kinetic constant was 2.8x10⁻\u0026sup2; mg.s⁻\u0026sup1;. Notably, high water adsorption capacities were measured for the beads consisting of palygorskite and the clay minerals assemblage (22% and 34% mass/mass, respectively). Regarding desorption kinetics, relatively high rate constants were determined for beads composed of montmorillonite and the clay minerals assemblage (38.6x10⁻\u0026sup2; s⁻\u0026sup1; and 39x10⁻\u0026sup2; s⁻\u0026sup1;, respectively). In addition, more than 90% of adsorbed water was released by all studied beads at 45\u0026deg;C, and the adsorption/desorption performances of the beads were not significantly affected by the applied cycles.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Chitosan-clay beads: Preparation, characterization and use as water adsorbent","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-14 05:54:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5377694/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"52083bd7-8686-4b95-a239-bf4a30837e88","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 14th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-21T12:08:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-14 05:54:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5377694","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5377694","identity":"rs-5377694","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}