Semi-analytical modeling and simulation of human red blood cell deformation under non-linear strain

Semi-analytical modeling and simulation of human red blood cell deformation under non-linear strain | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Semi-analytical modeling and simulation of human red blood cell deformation under non-linear strain Gaurav D. Bhabhor, Rishabh Bhatt, Arun Anand, Kirit N. Lad This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917082/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The study of red blood cell (RBC) deformability remains an active area of research due to its linkage to health and normal physiological functions of RBCs in the circulatory system. In the present study, we use a semi-analytical approach analogous to optical tweezers or extensional flow experiments to investigate the deformation of the RBCs. The axial and transverse diameters of the RBCs subjected to axial stretching under non-linear strain are found in good agreement with the reported optical tweezers experiment and simulation results for the applied stretching force in the range ~ 10–90 pN. Our results reveal that the linear elastic behaviour of the cell membrane is valid only for small axial deformations of the RBC up to ~ 10 µm for the applied force less than 20 pN. The results also demonstrate the utility of the non-linear Hencky strain to account for the hyperelastic behaviour of the cell membrane over a significantly wide range of axial deformation up to ~ 14 µm for the applied force range of ~ 90 pN. The colour-coded mapping of local membrane curvatures and their quantitative distributions gives intuitive insights into the variation of the membrane bending energy distribution over the RBC surface in the normal and axially stretched states under non-linear strain. Analysis of the curvature bending energy of the RBC subjected to axial stretching suggests that the non-linear strain and the spontaneous curvature should be the essential considerations to ensure the membrane bending energy within the limit of 10–100 eV for the biomechanical deformation of the RBC. Red blood cell deformability Non-linear strain spontaneous curvature curvature bending energy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SMManuscriptv1.0.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7917082","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":552740359,"identity":"9849956b-004e-459a-afe6-a8e7beb49cef","order_by":0,"name":"Gaurav D. Bhabhor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arts, Science \u0026 R.A. Patel Commerce College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gaurav","middleName":"D.","lastName":"Bhabhor","suffix":""},{"id":552740360,"identity":"0ab42e9c-413d-4a12-b7d8-26a72275a574","order_by":1,"name":"Rishabh Bhatt","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sardar Patel University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rishabh","middleName":"","lastName":"Bhatt","suffix":""},{"id":552740361,"identity":"dc655d7d-e0dc-4b86-9092-2cdf63e14813","order_by":2,"name":"Arun Anand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sardar Patel University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arun","middleName":"","lastName":"Anand","suffix":""},{"id":552740363,"identity":"45283008-1d7e-4ff2-9be3-e17c926c87ec","order_by":3,"name":"Kirit N. Lad","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIie3QPQrCMBTA8SdCu8Q9JaIeoSL4AR6mQXAqLgVxjBQ66qroIXRxrhTs0gO01EEQ6tLBXRBDWxxj3QTzn0J4P0IegEz2g2GoMkAABqjsfal/IJWCIPdrgo2SRNvM5/cUzhM9uiXXmuNNQLUPWERI/WhrW0gsPTZ7HU4sQKepkDQwZaT29OguNhWCgjFl2Ox+IvYDASeRn+SkmYoJwdQhGQmhS9BsyF9BYqKtqDPgf6HrwOy1t5w4aGz1RQSHIy/kG6ML308uqY7pUvX2oYgUudByQcmOSonxnDRZ6WGZTCb7t14FN0w8crTQygAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Sardar Patel University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kirit","middleName":"N.","lastName":"Lad","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-22 08:08:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917082/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917082/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97114249,"identity":"572a6234-97da-4384-9bab-15484f5e43b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4415901,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptv1.0review.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/edf6baa139c14a9aff76e3f6.docx"},{"id":97141438,"identity":"df5fcf1f-5ed3-4cd1-b009-2c84f6805f6c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 10:06:42","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6296,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"19c5f5827f2a4560ac693194cc777253.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/61f2e306a2afe6dd6a9aaa32.json"},{"id":97114235,"identity":"aff4cb8f-3654-4808-b21e-0add642a4190","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":45835,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SMManuscriptv1.0.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/6f0e2f3ec9f924b50128fb68.docx"},{"id":97114261,"identity":"8a791438-edfc-43cd-b6e6-a523fe611b6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:46","extension":"xml","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":165107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"19c5f5827f2a4560ac693194cc7772531enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/29b9fad9cf0bb9f9b12db9c3.xml"},{"id":97141613,"identity":"a736d082-97cd-4ba4-b01e-3101232001dd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 10:06:50","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":754426,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/730a7394a957c2d441131214.jpeg"},{"id":97114238,"identity":"bf16ca9f-e092-4eb6-b889-d60d6e7cabb3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":207743,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/3b428a4c96a3ef45f01c83d9.png"},{"id":97114252,"identity":"82be8850-ec63-4e62-8b08-39ee8a12b415","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":766098,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/83f0d98839d63240dd4f7d26.png"},{"id":97141373,"identity":"123f91d6-38e3-4c46-b7b3-173d4f0d91a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 10:06:38","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1065079,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/d8c6096b52ad309ea1fd4215.jpeg"},{"id":97114226,"identity":"7f259b1a-af4f-489b-b6ec-ca6a45eb5dd0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:44","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":73396,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/e5ab6d33412e2bef77199ab2.png"},{"id":97114254,"identity":"2d735f01-f721-427e-98de-0971cdf2f890","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1187085,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/4cc2231fbdab51dc3e13216a.png"},{"id":97114233,"identity":"aca0a7f4-cce6-476c-a973-d2fabf5fb56c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":314159,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/8a4c6c4976d4918f2004a865.png"},{"id":97114247,"identity":"22fc7fa1-9f8b-4d5f-8606-1a8e5770ca97","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":148214,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/327fb64fc7941845a4d018fb.png"},{"id":97141809,"identity":"749a0d2b-eb27-4489-a92c-2fbe84b71875","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 10:07:03","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1074,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/fc31d39661a2b5b956c61e71.jpeg"},{"id":97114246,"identity":"17e078c1-dab2-4b0a-b908-328739f990e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71254,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"groupimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/d8bf83b3688970872acfce52.jpeg"},{"id":97114241,"identity":"d4f516b1-6312-4fd3-9ffe-14d64390ea00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":224750,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/ea6a6d6a27735d63275872cd.png"},{"id":97114263,"identity":"de39bce2-3e3d-4a7e-b825-d95dc2a04cab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:46","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":52233,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/c19f50ad1b3d86a240021d9a.png"},{"id":97141891,"identity":"8e365e67-9310-4707-94c1-566fa809890f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 10:07:08","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":143648,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/8f00f1d54a26ebbbed7ef8e8.png"},{"id":97114255,"identity":"f38ffee4-8e9c-4e92-a121-a18264dc1997","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:46","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":155109,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/6b59351ceab994d9e91b93bd.png"},{"id":97114257,"identity":"7ac950af-d5cf-415c-932c-a0330f659df1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:46","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":25013,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/093155380a8f37fc1b05119d.png"},{"id":97114260,"identity":"f94a5412-509f-43ff-977a-b95c6c4c3b8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:46","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":245866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/670791daff9b3116d9904e7c.png"},{"id":97141920,"identity":"a603cccb-e4f9-4f63-ace4-babe2662ea3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 10:07:09","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":79628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/e69ac6b445518b856227f2dd.png"},{"id":97114251,"identity":"730b2405-7e9d-48d7-ae9e-983656800961","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":36717,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/9738dbcd37e26098aa108eba.png"},{"id":97114240,"identity":"897ffcc5-f439-42cb-840f-a4efa8d2347e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":935,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/13d0c9b4991da5457eea8790.png"},{"id":97114250,"identity":"a051d828-cced-41b7-93ba-fcb4126f3a20","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20797,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinegroupimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/dad8b203f0d41d14fa00ca73.png"},{"id":97114253,"identity":"d9dd0847-8055-4469-b1db-60247d563664","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"xml","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":161680,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"19c5f5827f2a4560ac693194cc7772531structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/eed3c6e0d743809a097493a2.xml"},{"id":97114262,"identity":"1d8b8ef6-18d6-4071-98b6-8aee5162afa7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:46","extension":"html","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":181809,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/c9cc776f7c0ca2198eed5268.html"},{"id":99307902,"identity":"d2664ee0-0ee7-4dfc-bd05-24753033b30c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:07:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1538739,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptv1.0review.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1_covered_c00abe86-1bdf-496a-83e2-c41c414cfabc.pdf"},{"id":97114245,"identity":"4ae07797-3168-41dd-834f-d9077f8e4ab0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 06:57:45","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":45835,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SMManuscriptv1.0.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7917082/v1/684a1d03de3d36096b934a7d.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Semi-analytical modeling and simulation of human red blood cell deformation under non-linear strain","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Red blood cell deformability, Non-linear strain, spontaneous curvature, curvature bending energy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917082/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917082/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe study of red blood cell (RBC) deformability remains an active area of research due to its linkage to health and normal physiological functions of RBCs in the circulatory system. In the present study, we use a semi-analytical approach analogous to optical tweezers or extensional flow experiments to investigate the deformation of the RBCs. The axial and transverse diameters of the RBCs subjected to axial stretching under non-linear strain are found in good agreement with the reported optical tweezers experiment and simulation results for the applied stretching force in the range\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;10\u0026ndash;90 pN. Our results reveal that the linear elastic behaviour of the cell membrane is valid only for small axial deformations of the RBC up to ~\u0026thinsp;10 \u0026micro;m for the applied force less than 20 pN. The results also demonstrate the utility of the non-linear Hencky strain to account for the hyperelastic behaviour of the cell membrane over a significantly wide range of axial deformation up to ~\u0026thinsp;14 \u0026micro;m for the applied force range of ~\u0026thinsp;90 pN. The colour-coded mapping of local membrane curvatures and their quantitative distributions gives intuitive insights into the variation of the membrane bending energy distribution over the RBC surface in the normal and axially stretched states under non-linear strain. Analysis of the curvature bending energy of the RBC subjected to axial stretching suggests that the non-linear strain and the spontaneous curvature should be the essential considerations to ensure the membrane bending energy within the limit of 10\u0026ndash;100 eV for the biomechanical deformation of the RBC.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Semi-analytical modeling and simulation of human red blood cell deformation under non-linear strain","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-01 06:57:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7917082/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e4805764-66d9-4d53-b47b-b9bcfc25c9c5","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-22T19:53:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-01 06:57:39","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7917082","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7917082","identity":"rs-7917082","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}