Bus workers’ experiences with and perceptions of a health promotion program: a qualitative study using a focus group discussion

Abstract Background Transportation workers such as bus workers are considered to be vulnerable workers, with a relatively high risk of industrial accidents. A health promotion program, which included stretching training for musculoskeletal disorder prevention, exercise prescription, and counseling, was developed for transportation workers in Ulsan, South Korea. In this study, a focus group discussion was conducted with bus workers to evaluate their experiences and perceptions, as well as the reasons for their participation in the program for vulnerable workers. The study also sought to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program. Methods A total of nine bus workers participated in the focus group discussion. The focus group discussion was conducted based on a semi-structured guide, which was developed from discussions among the researchers and a review of major preliminary studies. The focus group discussion took about two hours. The discussion was recorded and transcribed, after which data were analyzed using content analysis. Results A total of 100 codes were derived and categorized into four main categories as follows: “Obstacles to the healthcare of bus workers,” “The first positive impression of the health promotion program,” “Satisfaction and changes after participating in the health promotion program,” and “Improvement of the health promotion program.” For participants who had not been involved in other health management programs, the sole existence of a health promotion program for vulnerable workers in Ulsan was sufficient to attract participants. Participants reported that participation in the program mitigated some of their musculoskeletal symptoms, which are often faced by bus workers. Conclusions The findings of this study may contribute to the expansion of the health promotion program targeting workers in vulnerable working environments in Ulsan and other places. In order to increase users’ satisfaction and the sustainability of the program, it is necessary to develop a strategy to increase the accessibility of the program and enhance the self-efficacy of participants.