Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-periodontal activities of silver nanoparticles from Tecoma stans flower extract

Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-periodontal activities of silver nanoparticles from Tecoma stans flower extract | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-periodontal activities of silver nanoparticles from Tecoma stans flower extract G Anburaj, M. Surendra Varma, R. Sathish Kumar, D.Chinnaraja, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9100484/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Tecoma stans flower extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were rigorously characterized, with UV-Vis spectroscopy confirming surface plasmon resonance, and FTIR identifying key phytochemical functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization. Advanced microscopy (SEM/TEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles, while EDAX and XRD analysis validated their elemental silver composition and crystalline structure. The AgNPs demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity in vitro, effectively inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Crucially, this research is the first to report the potent anti-periodontal activity of these AgNPs against key oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus . Stem Cell & Developmental Cell Biology Analytical Biochemistry Biochemical Research Methods Chemical Biology Biophysics Green Synthesis Tecoma stans Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Anti-periodontal Antioxidant Anti-diabetic Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Tables 1 to 5 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files Figure11.pdf Supplementary Files Tables.jpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9100484","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":607368238,"identity":"72cd5af4-eedf-45f2-8144-b816697cb17e","order_by":0,"name":"G Anburaj","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAxAqAUQYJFTYyPGDuQXEanlwJs1YsgHENSBSC+PDtsOJG8AieLTw3T7A/IKh5k6ewe3DDwoS29KMjc+vTvzwwIBBnl/sAFYtkucS2CwYjj0rNjiXZmCQcM5GzuzG280SQIcZzpydgFWLwRkGNgMGNqB7zjAAtZSlGZvdOLsBpCXB4DY+Lf9AWtg/GCQA9W6ecXbzDwJamB8wgnx9hgdoC4jB37sNry2SZxjbGBL7DhdLnuEpMEgABrLEDd5tFgkGEjj9wneG+fCHD98O5/GdYd9m+AMUlf1nN98EMuT5pbFrAUZGmwRUig0SGRCuBA7lYMD8AcZ4AKb4D+BTPQpGwSgYBSMQAAAoEGnkEUJ/zwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science \u0026 Technology (PRIST),","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"G","middleName":"","lastName":"Anburaj","suffix":""},{"id":607368239,"identity":"407c68de-4ba9-4daf-8a2b-8811ab17dd2c","order_by":1,"name":"M. Surendra Varma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science \u0026 Technology (PRIST),","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"Surendra","lastName":"Varma","suffix":""},{"id":607368240,"identity":"66e507f6-b83b-4163-b17a-07a329cc799d","order_by":2,"name":"R. Sathish Kumar","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"R.","middleName":"Sathish","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":607368241,"identity":"4086576d-76e2-43c5-87de-9d19b2ee6ca0","order_by":3,"name":"D.Chinnaraja","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science \u0026 Technology (PRIST),","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"","middleName":"","lastName":"D.Chinnaraja","suffix":""},{"id":607368242,"identity":"6c1d1bc8-2bde-4691-aa9c-53e3be265978","order_by":4,"name":"T. Abuthaheer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science \u0026 Technology (PRIST),","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"T.","middleName":"","lastName":"Abuthaheer","suffix":""},{"id":607368243,"identity":"12cb3198-bdc6-46ea-a47c-9284df424754","order_by":5,"name":"P. Durairaj","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bharath University, Chennai","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"P.","middleName":"","lastName":"Durairaj","suffix":""},{"id":607368244,"identity":"47744baa-2914-4a43-9803-ba1214a57a21","order_by":6,"name":"M. Mahadevi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"A.V.V.M.S.P College (Autonomous) Poo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"","lastName":"Mahadevi","suffix":""},{"id":607368245,"identity":"fd7203c7-56c4-42a4-af8d-c8e3075d6c1c","order_by":7,"name":"R.Manikadan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"A.V.V.M.S.P College (Autonomous) Poo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"","middleName":"","lastName":"R.Manikadan","suffix":""},{"id":607368246,"identity":"a9f430c3-1228-4691-b7d4-985f8b545ac4","order_by":8,"name":"T. Durgadevi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"A.V.V.M.S.P College (Autonomous) Poo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"T.","middleName":"","lastName":"Durgadevi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-12 05:47:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9100484/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9100484/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104872232,"identity":"08464923-404e-46e7-989a-f5078e2d5b14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:15","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":191873,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/41e575e92fa3ef06d4f2478d.jpg"},{"id":104872274,"identity":"93b256c5-9f38-4cdb-a6a7-b6ddb4bb53b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:20","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":371843,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/0a4e7faa702390d7b6f29630.jpg"},{"id":104872246,"identity":"8775ea1b-94ae-48f0-b5a9-b4696ed28e9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:17","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":527665,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/fa27f7f9d3ed7421dce8cb65.jpg"},{"id":104872277,"identity":"8d198ddf-087a-4d1e-846b-1dea42730872","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":686433,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/faa231e4737a3a192353a598.jpg"},{"id":104872248,"identity":"ae5857c7-bf9e-4fcf-b10e-7d6fb8f9ba0a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:18","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":139601,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/b99fe0f7658f53c49ac838f1.jpg"},{"id":104872233,"identity":"e6b4bf0a-cb4f-40b7-b8a9-a3a940a51346","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:15","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":211057,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/267ebead6453d7b9fc9a563d.jpg"},{"id":104872282,"identity":"02b5f745-43b4-45f3-9c31-c03675d91776","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2698614,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GreenSynthesisCharacterizationandEvaluationofAntioxidantAntidiabeticandAntiperiodontalActivitiesofSilverNanoparticlesfromTecomastansFlowerExtract121.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1_covered_a857ccba-d955-4d65-91f8-9105896164aa.pdf"},{"id":104872276,"identity":"3ef20352-4109-46df-b18c-fc295bfa8e0c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":732323,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Files\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure11.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/1db76327ca20810dcb99bc61.pdf"},{"id":104872275,"identity":"423bd3cf-26e3-4344-958e-b0698e7fdefd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-18 08:13:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1196703,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9100484/v1/a2af50fb215286c4a4c3f79b.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 1 to 5 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGreen synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-periodontal activities of silver nanoparticles from \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTecoma stans\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e flower extract\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science \u0026 Technology (PRIST), ","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Green Synthesis, Tecoma stans, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), Anti-periodontal, Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9100484/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9100484/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing \u003cem\u003eTecoma stans\u003c/em\u003e flower extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were rigorously characterized, with UV-Vis spectroscopy confirming surface plasmon resonance, and FTIR identifying key phytochemical functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization. Advanced microscopy (SEM/TEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles, while EDAX and XRD analysis validated their elemental silver composition and crystalline structure. The AgNPs demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity in vitro, effectively inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Crucially, this research is the first to report the potent anti-periodontal activity of these AgNPs against key oral pathogens, including \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus mutans\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-periodontal activities of silver nanoparticles from Tecoma stans flower extract","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-18 08:11:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9100484/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"28685bf0-6d26-43cf-91db-6d5fda24c629","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 18th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":64665905,"name":"Stem Cell \u0026 Developmental Cell Biology"},{"id":64665906,"name":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"id":64665907,"name":"Biochemical Research Methods"},{"id":64665908,"name":"Chemical Biology"},{"id":64665909,"name":"Biophysics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-18T08:11:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-18 08:11:42","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9100484","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9100484","identity":"rs-9100484","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}