The Single and Interactive Effects of Aluminium and Low Ph, or Ca/al Ratios on Growth of Red Pine Seedlings

The Single and Interactive Effects of Aluminium and Low Ph, or Ca/al Ratios on Growth of Red Pine Seedlings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report The Single and Interactive Effects of Aluminium and Low Ph, or Ca/al Ratios on Growth of Red Pine Seedlings YUNFENG SHAN This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062094/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Nov, 2023 Read the published version in BMC Research Notes → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Acid deposition has been one of the major environmental pollution problems for longer than 50 years, since the 1970s. Investigation on the interaction of aluminum (Al) and low pH effects on red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Zucc.) has been required but lacking. In the present study, needles of red pine seedlings exposed to Al treatments with solution pH 4.0 and 3.5 exhibited purplish leaf characteristics of Al toxicity. The dry weights of the needle and whole plant, and the current needle elongation were linearly reduced with Al concentrations from 0, 13 to 26 ppm. Results show that red pine is an intermediate species in sensitivity to Al and is insensitive to low pH. However, the synergistic interactions of low pH treatments with the elevated Al were significant. Al toxicity to the root elongation, needle matter production, and needle elongation of red pine was significantly enlarged with reduced pH. The root length and whole plant length were significantly decreased at 1:10 of Ca/Al ratios (p < 0.05). Al phytotoxicity was completely lost when the Ca/Al molar ratio was 10:1. Liming is still an applicable measure to remediate acidification problems by natural or anthropogenic factors such as acid deposition. solution culture high aluminum concentration low pH Ca/Al molar ratio aluminum phytotoxicity red pine Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Nov, 2023 Read the published version in BMC Research Notes → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 11 Oct, 2023 Reviews received at journal 06 Sep, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Jul, 2023 Editor invited by journal 06 Jul, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 03 Jul, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Jun, 2023 First submitted to journal 14 Jun, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3062094","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":211802669,"identity":"0093b0bf-b2c9-4f88-b288-6e44ff1cee05","order_by":0,"name":"YUNFENG SHAN","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQjFD8SMDxIMbOTY2NsPEKVFsoGBgdngQ0GaMR/PmQSitbBJzvhwOHGehIMBXh3ys5ufPeZtuyPBL91+QZrHIC29TYIhgeFHxTacWgzuHDM35m17JiE550yBMY+BTW6bdOMBxp4zt3FrkUgwk+ZtO1xncCMnIRloS26bzIEEZsY23FrkZ6R/A2mRsAdqOcxjcDidTSLBAK8Whhs5YFskDCTSDzbOMDicQFAL0D1lknPOHZaQuJHDzPDBIM2wDRjIB/H5BeiwbRJvyg5L8M9If/4j4Y+NvHx7+8EHPyrwOAwImHjAFA8iOg7gVQ8EjD/AFPsDQgpHwSgYBaNghAIApK5aFg3d0DUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"YUNFENG","middleName":"","lastName":"SHAN","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-06-14 09:29:38","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062094/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062094/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06609-3","type":"published","date":"2023-11-17T15:01:18+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":46779946,"identity":"724f57a1-ead9-402e-9077-dbedb1a9629a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-11-20 15:08:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":313378,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EFFECTSOFALUMINIUMJuly060172023vNumberdescrent.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3062094/v1_covered_59828d1e-2ccb-4bf1-a06e-72a9036c59ba.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe Single and Interactive Effects of Aluminium and Low Ph, or Ca/al Ratios on Growth of Red Pine Seedlings\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-research-notes","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"resn","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Research Notes](http://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/resn/default.aspx","title":"BMC Research Notes","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"solution culture, high aluminum concentration, low pH, Ca/Al molar ratio, aluminum phytotoxicity, red pine","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062094/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062094/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Acid deposition has been one of the major environmental pollution problems for longer than 50 years, since the 1970s. Investigation on the interaction of aluminum (Al) and low pH effects on red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Zucc.) has been required but lacking. In the present study, needles of red pine seedlings exposed to Al treatments with solution pH 4.0 and 3.5 exhibited purplish leaf characteristics of Al toxicity. The dry weights of the needle and whole plant, and the current needle elongation were linearly reduced with Al concentrations from 0, 13 to 26 ppm. Results show that red pine is an intermediate species in sensitivity to Al and is insensitive to low pH. However, the synergistic interactions of low pH treatments with the elevated Al were significant. Al toxicity to the root elongation, needle matter production, and needle elongation of red pine was significantly enlarged with reduced pH. The root length and whole plant length were significantly decreased at 1:10 of Ca/Al ratios (p \u003c 0.05). Al phytotoxicity was completely lost when the Ca/Al molar ratio was 10:1. 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