Integrating Dynamic Façade Design into Architectural Education and Practice through Mashrabiya-Inspired Kinetic Systems

Integrating Dynamic Façade Design into Architectural Education and Practice through Mashrabiya-Inspired Kinetic Systems | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Integrating Dynamic Façade Design into Architectural Education and Practice through Mashrabiya-Inspired Kinetic Systems Israa Fardous, Amar Bennadji This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7495010/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose: The study focuses on enhancing student knowledge about integrating traditional architecture and kinetic façade systems. The study is underpinned with the focus on kinetic façade systems inspired by traditional Mashrabiya, a prominent architectural structure in Islamic world. Approach: This project makes use of design-build approach in the context of educational action research. Three groups of students were formed and they designed kinetic facade systems using materials such as cardboard, Arduino kits, stepper motor, and steel. Findings: The three student groups used concepts drawn from Islamic geometric patterns, biomimetic eagle wings, and solar patterns respectively. The students successfully prototyped kinetic façade systems and demonstrated learning about Mashrabiya's conventional uses, sustainability principles, control of light, privacy, and ventilation. Originality: The purpose of this paper was to illustrate a case-based approach to architectural education that integrated cultural heritage and sustainability in the process of building kinetic architecture facades. Practical Implications: The results highlighted the significance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the early incorporation of kinetic design thinking and sustainability into the educational process for architects. The findings create a guideline for educators to incorporate sustainability and cultural heritage aspects in architectural education and practice particularly in the context of the GCC. traditional architecture Kinetic Façade Systems Architectural Education Sustainability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 08 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 28 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 15 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7495010","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":528992684,"identity":"7f255a63-f6d0-4368-b0bc-97136b34f560","order_by":0,"name":"Israa 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Systems","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diedu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Education](https://www.springer.com/journal/44217)","snPcode":"44217","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44217/3","title":"Discover Education","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"traditional architecture, Kinetic Façade Systems, Architectural Education, Sustainability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7495010/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7495010/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePurpose: The study focuses on enhancing student knowledge about integrating traditional architecture and kinetic façade systems. The study is underpinned with the focus on kinetic façade systems inspired by traditional Mashrabiya, a prominent architectural structure in Islamic world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproach: This project makes use of design-build approach in the context of educational action research. Three groups of students were formed and they designed kinetic facade systems using materials such as cardboard, Arduino kits, stepper motor, and steel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFindings: The three student groups used concepts drawn from Islamic geometric patterns, biomimetic eagle wings, and solar patterns respectively. The students successfully prototyped kinetic façade systems and demonstrated learning about Mashrabiya's conventional uses, sustainability principles, control of light, privacy, and ventilation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOriginality: The purpose of this paper was to illustrate a case-based approach to architectural education that integrated cultural heritage and sustainability in the process of building kinetic architecture facades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePractical Implications: The results highlighted the significance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the early incorporation of kinetic design thinking and sustainability into the educational process for architects. The findings create a guideline for educators to incorporate sustainability and cultural heritage aspects in architectural education and practice particularly in the context of the GCC.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Integrating Dynamic Façade Design into Architectural Education and Practice through Mashrabiya-Inspired Kinetic Systems","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-16 12:03:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7495010/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-12T09:39:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T10:43:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-01T09:44:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"176585208088074340099831055095172241720","date":"2025-12-29T11:59:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-28T21:37:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"271687489165816837224709799009207033235","date":"2025-12-28T17:29:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"49246121344080930560213676680003867153","date":"2025-12-24T09:59:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-11T19:44:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"119379981847502528929221623091254923029","date":"2025-12-03T02:43:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"91798049008193410509430029483567411175","date":"2025-12-02T17:49:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-02T12:40:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-15T10:14:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T16:51:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Education","date":"2025-10-13T16:48:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diedu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Education](https://www.springer.com/journal/44217)","snPcode":"44217","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44217/3","title":"Discover Education","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"722498e1-74b8-4079-b1f9-63deba356921","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-19T09:26:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-16 12:03:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7495010","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7495010","identity":"rs-7495010","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}