Planetary-induced sunspots inferred from WDC-Silso data.

Planetary-induced sunspots inferred from WDC-Silso data. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Planetary-induced sunspots inferred from WDC-Silso data. Roger Gagnon This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8296447/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract If we introduce a 37-year delay between planetary positions and sunspot data, it becomes clear that planetary alignments are an important cause of the variability of sunspot activity. This delay is caused by the time it takes for the solar plasma to plunge towards the tachocline and reach the sunspot-producing latitudes. The results are strongly dependent on the magnetic orientation of the Sun, so we must study separately the even and odd cycles. When the Sun is oriented South, 37 years before an odd cycle, there is a good connection with the North-oriented Jupiter’s field, and the alignments of Jupiter with Saturn, Uranus or Neptune coincide with large sunspot numbers later. When the Sun is oriented North, the interaction with Jupiter generates a quadrupole field and we observe that quadratures between Jupiter and Uranus or Neptune may enhance sunspot activity. The solar system thus acts as a dynamo whose rotor is the Sun and stator is the variable positions of the four large planets. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8296447","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":557412266,"identity":"fcc5f3a5-8ba6-48c1-a2d7-59191da4957b","order_by":0,"name":"Roger Gagnon","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCCjY5fgkwS0KGSC1n+IwlZzAwNgC18BCng7FNLtHgBlgLA2Et5u3tFz9+YTNLML7dfPzRjRoLHgb2w0c34NMic+ZMsbQMT1qe2Z1jic05x4AO40lLu4FPi4REToK0hMSxYrMbOYbNOWxALRI8ZoS0JP+WMPifuHkGSMs/orSkH5P8kMCWuEECqCW3jRgtPGfYrBkOsBlL3EhLnJ3bJ8HDRtAv7O2Pb/78B4zKGckHPud8q5PjZz98DK8WYEQYMKPEBRt+5SDA/oDxB2FVo2AUjIJRMJIBAJ5NRnAAtCVjAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Roger","middleName":"","lastName":"Gagnon","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-06 18:53:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8296447/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8296447/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":99311207,"identity":"ade2d6bf-c812-420c-b58e-23532934900e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:07","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1955256,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PlanetaryinducedsunspotsinferredfromWDCSilsodataVersion1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/0b0f3cc3f33e4db26ec398b7.docx"},{"id":98948716,"identity":"d3e01377-d888-4e86-8113-b20f4fa5e5b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"5934999f4c5d4d0ca97a6eeff3e3a43f.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/52d4eecf47daadd8037d9c81.json"},{"id":98948718,"identity":"95291744-199a-44e9-aa11-09a511f31a41","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":63969,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"5934999f4c5d4d0ca97a6eeff3e3a43f1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/fda10178c749b42e3bde965f.xml"},{"id":99311221,"identity":"c7195eb0-e006-4112-b541-05463a2eeae5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:09","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":146987,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/ac89af12e18319720ebae4fc.jpeg"},{"id":99311478,"identity":"01431ec6-8f73-4940-8de0-5fd7632421e2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:15:45","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":191389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/b38b99e95975b58660d38bae.jpeg"},{"id":99310886,"identity":"179e28cb-f0cb-4442-bf5f-aba9045f8aab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:13:30","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":409309,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/b898e75764c6d2363f431c63.jpeg"},{"id":98948728,"identity":"bc3ffd38-d92a-4f80-836a-bfb34d29f934","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":279613,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/9b1a355183f32ce5844d266f.jpeg"},{"id":98948723,"identity":"fde2407c-1af4-42a3-9bbb-e66acbdc1b2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":148284,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/3a67335d808ddb4540585b54.jpeg"},{"id":99311160,"identity":"e8cd23c8-479e-4bb7-895c-3d7b92373c71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":180535,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/e7aa10419cffa74b499ea340.jpeg"},{"id":99310663,"identity":"09a4c26a-5257-4d81-983f-69117ac21358","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:13:11","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":171057,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/9fdd04ac66f0cbb27ef57f94.jpeg"},{"id":99311547,"identity":"af71ba2c-642a-4a3a-90f4-ef5683a57639","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:02","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":48739,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/3c22161b5b2d0cbd8ed5b995.png"},{"id":99311215,"identity":"8538d1b9-632a-42fa-bcb6-df2b5f9b9da3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:08","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":130124,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/5916ddb921d1088b6fbb35f2.png"},{"id":98948737,"identity":"511ca108-275f-4c72-8eba-d8b958658c7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":161848,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/c9f1e19b46c353e12c55ffe7.jpeg"},{"id":98948734,"identity":"91201cac-80e9-434a-9761-b864d988365d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":104204,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/f0faa42251f01e0450cc5b3a.png"},{"id":98948727,"identity":"8d6fd682-53f7-4699-b419-d8d49a2e13a6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":102769,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/58e5f11d38bfab71a8fb43a7.jpeg"},{"id":99311054,"identity":"88dba945-4936-4b4f-be0f-e2202b4a0592","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:13:48","extension":"jpeg","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":96865,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/f56cd2a2cbb9f9826c513f31.jpeg"},{"id":98948739,"identity":"6a8fbce8-1cc2-42e7-810e-72ae1fa8702c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":172216,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/e57cb8e5295ba7b409f65368.jpeg"},{"id":99311002,"identity":"b3182769-b5c1-4f6d-9268-2dc38bc13414","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:13:42","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":198429,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/2a927010540326c842da540b.png"},{"id":98948743,"identity":"b18ea403-9e7e-4c35-892a-6f05d05fb5e3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43905,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/e9a91b45b9aff1e5346ec43f.png"},{"id":99311640,"identity":"a3638da5-5d24-4dba-b35b-da59b0d614c0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:22","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/3a569aa3d0dfbdd2b2d2323c.png"},{"id":99311285,"identity":"80f9f4ed-4126-4083-a763-c3343fd58773","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:15","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":121361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/27db4e615f51305e6ddead16.png"},{"id":99310722,"identity":"4f37b2c1-ff94-4e17-8215-1caf626784ac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:13:15","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":73768,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/a7466e0f981be27a71e59ad2.png"},{"id":98948732,"identity":"0857c8bd-96bb-43f5-b52b-6fc2f2d6f0d6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":58012,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/b2644359b0badec37bd0e6bf.png"},{"id":98948740,"identity":"263c1277-1483-4373-a6e8-2af2a55580d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":76348,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/0afe8a863bdab98b9f05ec68.png"},{"id":98948731,"identity":"61362eaf-7ab7-433b-b90d-5933baa458c0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":69359,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/682cb128f8e3f5056ed0d75c.png"},{"id":98948730,"identity":"67caf8de-79b9-4bd7-a1a5-a4473cc62b29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15066,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/b8e9bf3e01584323dd85b114.png"},{"id":99311213,"identity":"d565d03a-ea53-4331-85da-d28896da1fda","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:08","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":21669,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/d58fd5c19b93727d090fded7.png"},{"id":99311665,"identity":"4a09ee14-42e2-4a96-a0d8-2a4c7dc0b0d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:26","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":67116,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/453aef22ee021086686d961b.png"},{"id":99311259,"identity":"31c1e85a-b784-4b9a-8031-ce160b9f4442","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:12","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26146,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/df86f2cda4e6b1faa30301da.png"},{"id":98948741,"identity":"ce8a66d7-5ceb-403e-8134-09cd890d800c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":27717,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/704620ac5fd65a4d79b79291.png"},{"id":98948750,"identity":"fbf9b2a5-58c3-403f-9bfc-a341333ea4a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:55","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":116216,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/4deb535281d0e4385781eaec.png"},{"id":98948738,"identity":"3c138d9b-1542-41a1-a83e-b527e2260372","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":59208,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/aa3d80a9679522a719ac9089.png"},{"id":98948742,"identity":"613d432b-6e01-47b1-b00e-ebfd7811abe3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":58154,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/ad59df7368ff541e7cbef9b2.png"},{"id":98948747,"identity":"80bfaf13-bb95-4326-adc2-2bb5d75102dd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-24 12:57:54","extension":"xml","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":62776,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"5934999f4c5d4d0ca97a6eeff3e3a43f1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/2d67a69d35b173bd78462e92.xml"},{"id":99310809,"identity":"b2fcb068-bdf3-4db0-af21-a55e60ead3b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:13:24","extension":"html","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":70758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1/06a5f9e416c16b43a614f00d.html"},{"id":99788128,"identity":"b52058e2-d908-4bb0-8212-037fab79c647","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-08 12:45:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1405168,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PlanetaryinducedsunspotsinferredfromWDCSilsodataVersion1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8296447/v1_covered_c4ae4b72-be91-409e-99e5-2ada1f1cdc04.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Planetary-induced sunspots inferred from WDC-Silso data.","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8296447/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8296447/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIf we introduce a 37-year delay between planetary positions and sunspot data, it becomes clear that planetary alignments are an important cause of the variability of sunspot activity. This delay is caused by the time it takes for the solar plasma to plunge towards the tachocline and reach the sunspot-producing latitudes. The results are strongly dependent on the magnetic orientation of the Sun, so we must study separately the even and odd cycles. When the Sun is oriented South, 37 years before an odd cycle, there is a good connection with the North-oriented Jupiter\u0026rsquo;s field, and the alignments of Jupiter with Saturn, Uranus or Neptune coincide with large sunspot numbers later. When the Sun is oriented North, the interaction with Jupiter generates a quadrupole field and we observe that quadratures between Jupiter and Uranus or Neptune may enhance sunspot activity. The solar system thus acts as a dynamo whose rotor is the Sun and stator is the variable positions of the four large planets.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Planetary-induced sunspots inferred from WDC-Silso data.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-24 12:57:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8296447/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4ff4d3ec-9bdf-43ac-a74a-aacf6552fa13","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-05T17:24:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-24 12:57:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8296447","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8296447","identity":"rs-8296447","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}