Ungewöhnlicher Kombinationsbefund eines zystischen Ovarialtumors mit einer Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata

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This case report describes a 35-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain, diagnosed intraoperatively with leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata and a borderline ovarian lesion.

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The paper reports a case of a 35-year-old woman with sudden perimenstrual lower abdominal pain and suspicious ultrasound/CT findings, in whom surgery revealed multiple firm abdominal peritoneal nodules consistent with leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) alongside a cystic left ovarian lesion diagnosed as a borderline process on intraoperative histology. The authors describe LPD as rare and often asymptomatic in women of reproductive age, frequently presenting as multiple small (<2 cm) benign-appearing smooth muscle nodules that can mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis macroscopically, with a reported ~10% association with endometriosis/endosalpingiosis and concurrence with uterine leiomyomas and functional ovarian tumors; they note that malignant transformation has been described. As a caveat, the work is based on a single unusual combination case and thus provides limited generalizability beyond illustrating this diagnostic and histopathologic pattern. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper explicitly discusses LPD’s reported co-occurrence with endometriosis/endosalpingiosis and presents a related clinicopathologic context, though its main focus is the case report of LPD combined with a cystic borderline ovarian lesion.

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Abstract

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare disease, which is most often found in women in reproductive age - seldom pre- and postmenaupausal. LPD has been described in women taking oral contraceptives or during pregnancy. LPD is mostly asymptomatic and discovered during operations like section caesarea, etc. Because of the macroscopic aspect (multiple small nodules <2 cm) a metastasing tumour is suspected during operation. These nodules consist of smooth muscle fibres and show benign histologic features. An increased level of cases with similar endometriosis (10%), myoms of uterus or functional ovarian tumours have been reported. Few cases of malignant transformation have also been described. In the pathogenesis of LPD a metaplastic change of submesothelial multipotential mesenchymal cells as an abnormal response on hormonal stimulation is debated. A regression of LPD after delivery or after stopping oral contraceptives is possible. Another therapeutic option is the application of GnRH-agonists. We present a case of a 35-year old female patient with sudden abdominal pain and suspicious findings in abominal ultrasound and CT-abdomen. The intraoperative aspect shows diffuse intraabdominal nodules consisting of smooth muscle fibres and a cystic left ovary. LPD, endometriosis and a borderline lesion of the left ovary were diagnosed by intraoperative histological examination. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy were performed.
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Zusammenfassung Die Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) betrifft überwiegend Frauen im reproduktionsfähigen Alter. Eine Häufung während der Schwangerschaft und hormoneller Kontrazeption ist feststellbar. Die LPD verläuft zumeist asymptomatisch und stellt häufig einen Zufallsbefund dar. Intraoperativ imponiert sie aufgrund multipler Noduli (zumeist <2 cm) als Peritonealkarzinose. Die Knoten aus glatten Muskelfasern zeigen keine Hinweise für Malignität. In 10% der Fälle besteht eine Kombination mit einer Endometriose/Endosalpingiose. Zusätzlich ist ein gehäuftes zeitgleiches Auftreten von uterinen Leiomyomen und funktionellen Ovartumoren zu verzeichnen. Einige Fälle mit maligner Transformation wurden beschrieben. Pathogenetisch wird eine multizentrische metaplastische Veränderung des submesothelialen Bindegewebes im Rahmen einer abnormalen Antwort auf eine Hormonstimulation diskutiert. Eine spontane Regression post partum oder nach Absetzen der oralen Kontrazeption ist möglich. Ein weiterer Therapieansatz stellt die Applikation von GnRh-Agonisten dar. Wir stellen den Fall einer 35-jährigen Patientin mit plötzlich aufgetretenen perimenstruellen Unterbauchschmerzen, verdächtigem Ultraschall und suspektem CT-Befund vor. Intraoperativ wurde bei Nachweis multipler derber Noduli im Abdomen die Diagnose einer LPD und bei zystischer Veränderung des linken Ovars die Diagnose einer Borderline-Läsion gestellt. Daraufhin wurde eine Adnexektomie beidseits mit Leiomyomenukleation im Bereich des Peritoneums und Uterus sowie eine Netzresektion durchgeführt. Abstract Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare disease, which is most often found in women in reproductive age — seldom pre- and postmenaupausal. LPD has been described in women taking oral contraceptives or during pregnancy. LPD is mostly asymptomatic and discovered during operations like section caesarea, etc. Because of the macroscopic aspect (multiple small nodules <2 cm) a metastasing tumour is suspected during operation. These nodules consist of smooth muscle fibres and show benign histologic features. An increased level of cases with similar endometriosis (10%), myoms of uterus or functional ovarian tumours have been reported. Few cases of malignant transformation have also been described. In the pathogenesis of LPD a metaplastic change of submesothelial multipotential mesenchymal cells as an abnormal response on hormonal stimulation is debated. A regression of LPD after delivery or after stopping oral contraceptives is possible. Another therapeutic option is the application of GnRH-agonists. We present a case of a 35-year old female patient with sudden abdominal pain and suspicious findings in abominal ultrasound and CT-abdomen. The intraoperative aspect shows diffuse intraabdominal nodules consisting of smooth muscle fibres and a cystic left ovary. LPD, endometriosis and a borderline lesion of the left ovary were diagnosed by intraoperative histological examination. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy were performed. Similar content being viewed by others Literatur Bekkers RL, Willemsen WN, Schijf CP et al. (1999) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: does malignant transformation occur? A literature review. Gynecol Oncol 75:158–163 Clavero PA, Nogales FF, Ruiz-Avila I et al. (1992) Regression of peritoneal leiomyomatosis after treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2:52–54 Due W, Pickartz H (1989) Immunohistologic detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors in disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 8:46–53 Gosh K, Dorigo O, Bristow R, Berek J (2000) A radical debulking of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata from a colonic obstruction: a case report and review of the literature. J Am Coll Surg 191:212–215 Hales HA, Peterson CM, Jones KP, Quinn JD (1992) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. A case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:515–516 Herrero J, Kamali P, Kirschbaum M. (1998) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata associated with endometriosis: a case report and literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 76:189–191 Hsu YK, Rosensheim NB, Parmley TH et al. (1981) Leiomyomatosis in pelvic lymph nodes. Obstet Gynecol 57 (Suppl 6):91S–93S Taubert HD, Wissner SE, Haskins AL (1965) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: an unusual complication of genital leiomyomata. Obstet Gynecol 25:561–574 Tavassoli FA, Norris HJ (1982) Peritoneal leiomyomatosis (leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata): a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases with ultrastructural observations. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1:59–74 Willson JR, Peale AR (1952) Multiple peritoneal leiomyomas associated with a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 64:204–208 Yamaguchi T, Imamura Y, Yamamoto T, Fukuda M (2003) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata with malignant change in a man. Pathol Int 53:179–185 Interessenkonflikt: Der korrespondierende Autor versichert, dass keine Verbindungen mit einer Firma, deren Produkt in dem Artikel genannt ist, oder einer Firma, die ein Konkurrenzprodukt vertreibt, bestehen. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Additional information Professor Remmele zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet. Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Lubczyk, V., du Bois, A. & Fisseler-Eckhoff, A. Ungewöhnlicher Kombinationsbefund eines zystischen Ovarialtumors mit einer Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Pathologe 26, 291–295 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-005-0768-z Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-005-0768-z

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MeSH descriptors

Leiomyoma Uterine Neoplasms Adult Female Humans Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Peritoneal Neoplasms Peritoneal Neoplasms Peritoneal Neoplasms Peritoneal Neoplasms Peritoneal Neoplasms Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Uterine Neoplasms Uterine Neoplasms Uterine Neoplasms

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