Effects of Aspirin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Composite and Subdomain Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 Questionnaire: The ASCEND-Eye Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Aspirin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Composite and Subdomain Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 Questionnaire: The ASCEND-Eye Randomized Controlled Trial | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effects of Aspirin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Composite and Subdomain Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 Questionnaire: The ASCEND-Eye Randomized Controlled Trial Emily L Sammons, Georgina Buck, Louise J Bowman, William M Stevens, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4348414/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Ophthalmology → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: The double-blind, 2x2 factorial design, placebo-controlled ASCEND randomized trial compared the effects of 100mg aspirin daily and, separately, 1g omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) daily on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in 15,480 UK adults with diabetes. We report the effects of these randomized treatment allocations on scores derived from the National Eye Institute’s Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) in a subset of participants involved in the ASCEND-Eye sub-study. Methods: Ordinal data from the NEI-VFQ-25 were analyzed using proportional odds regression methods. A common odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to interpret the average effect size of randomization to each study treatment on composite and subdomain scores from the questionnaire. Results: Neither randomization to aspirin nor omega-3 FAs for 7.5 years significantly affected composite or subdomain scores from the NEI-VFQ-25. Conclusion: Applying the NEI-VFQ-25 in ASCEND-Eye represents one of the largest surveys of vision-targeted health-related quality of life in people with diabetes. Further observational analyses of these data are planned, to identify the clinical and demographic characteristics associated with lower composite and subdomain scores in a diabetic population. Study registration: Eudract No. 2004-000991-15; Multicentre Research Ethics Committee Ref No. 03/8/087; ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT00135226; ISRCTN No. ISRCTN60635500 Protocol: available via the ClinicalTrials.gov website. Aspirin omega-3 fatty acids NEI-VFQ-25 randomized controlled trial diabetes Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction ASCEND-Eye is an eye-health sub-study of the ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes) double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in 15,480 UK adults, at least 40 years of age, with diabetes. 1–4 We have previously published the rationale, design and baseline characteristics 5 of this sub-study, as well as results showing a lack of any significant treatment effect on the primary outcome of referable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. 6,7 We now present the results from pre-specified analyses of the sub-study’s secondary and tertiary efficacy outcomes, comparing the effects of aspirin versus placebo and, separately, omega-3 FAs versus placebo on composite and subdomain scores from the National Eye Institute’s Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25). 8 Research Design and Methods Trial Oversight Investigators from the Clinical Trial Service Unit at the University of Oxford designed and conducted ASCEND-Eye, overseen by the Trial Steering Committee. Members of the writing committee vouch for the sub-study’s faithfulness to the data analysis plan. Participants and Procedures The design of ASCEND has been described in detail elsewhere. 1–4 Briefly, the trial used mail-based methods to recruit and follow up 15,480 UK participants who were recruited between 2005 and 2011. They comprised men and women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, who were at least 40 years of age, with no previous history of cardiovascular disease, no contraindication to the use of aspirin or omega-3 FAs, and no pre-existing life-limiting medical condition. Eligible participants were randomized in a 2×2 factorial double-blinded design, between 100mg aspirin daily or matching placebo and, separately, 1g omega-3 FA capsules (containing 460mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 380mg docosahexaenoic acid) daily or matching placebo. After randomization, participants were followed up using questionnaires sent every six months. All surviving participants who were on web- or mail-based follow-up at the end of the trial (31st July 2017) were sent the ASCEND-Eye Visual function questionnaire (VFQ) via the post (see supplementary materials). 8 The VFQ consisted of two parts: a bespoke first page of questions which explicitly sought incident diagnoses of serious eye conditions, followed by the standard National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25), which gathered information about the effects of visual impairment on activities of daily living and emotional well-being and has been reported to be a reliable and valid questionnaire across various chronic eye conditions. 8 Questionnaires were scanned and coded using commercial optical character recognition software supplemented by quality control software developed in-house for ASCEND. The participants’ signatures and dates of birth on every form were checked for consistency with those recorded on the ASCEND randomization form. Occasionally, resolving multiple or contradictory responses was also necessary by telephoning the participant. Outcomes The analyses reported here were part of a more comprehensive programme of research conducted for the ASCEND-Eye sub-study, described in detail previously. 5–7 In this paper, we present the results from the pre-specified analyses of the secondary and tertiary efficacy outcomes, assessing the effects of randomization to aspirin compared with placebo and, separately, omega-3 FAs compared with placebo, on composite and subdomain scores from the NEI-VFQ-25, respectively. Statistical Analysis The data analysis plan was publicly available on the trial website ( https://ascend.medsci.ox.ac.uk ) before unblinding the ASCEND-Eye results. NEI-VFQ-25 composite and subdomain scores (general vision, ocular pain, near vision, distance vision, social function, mental health, role limitations, dependency, driving, colour vision and peripheral vision) were calculated using the scoring algorithm prescribed by the instrument developers (see Supplementary Materials), with a score of 0 representing the worst possible outcome and 100 representing perfect vision-specific quality of life. 8 As blinded preliminary analyses confirmed that the distribution of the composite score was negatively skewed, scores were grouped into a 5-point ordinal scale (≥ 90, 80–89, 70–79, 60–69 and < 60) and analyzed by proportional ordinal logistic regression. 9 This analysis method was chosen because there is simulated 10,11 and empirical evidence 12,13 that the method has greater power to detect differences in the treatment effect than if the data is dichotomized into a binary favourable versus unfavourable outcome. It assumes that treatment allocation has a similar effect on all pairs of grouped scores (i.e. the treatment effect between composite scores < 60 and ≥ 60 is the same as the treatment effect between composite scores < 70 and ≥ 70, etc). Thus, a common odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to interpret the average effect size of randomization to aspirin versus placebo and, separately, omega-3 FAs versus placebo. The same approach was used to analyze the 11 subdomains, with the number and position of cut-points also based on a blinded preliminary assessment of the subdomain score distributions (Supplementary Table S1 ). To avoid multiple comparisons of the same data, we pre-specified that separate odds ratios between active and placebo groups at each response level would not be presented if the proportional odds assumption was violated. No formal adjustments for multiplicity were made for these secondary and tertiary analyses of ASCEND-Eye. 5 Therefore, two-tailed P-values of less than 0.05 and the 95% confidence interval should be interpreted with caution. All analyses were carried out using SAS version 9.4 statistical software. Results In total, 8,846 out of 11,301 participants eligible to receive the VFQ responded. Those who did not respond were slightly older and had a longer duration of diabetes (Supplementary Table S2). The baseline characteristics of VFQ responders were well-balanced between the randomized groups (Table 1 ). The mean (standard deviation) time from randomization to completing the VFQ was 8.6 (1.4) years; the mean (standard deviation) duration of trial treatment was 7.5 (1.4) years. Among those who returned a VFQ, the study average adherence to aspirin and omega-3 FAs was 79.3% and 88.4%, respectively, with similar proportions in the corresponding placebo arms (Table S3). Of the 8,846 VFQ responders, 7 completed the page of questions on incident eye diagnoses but did not complete the NEI-VFQ-25, and 8,839 completed both parts. Mean composite and subdomain scores overall and by randomized treatment allocations are shown in Table 2 . There was no statistically significant effect of either aspirin or omega-3 FAs on the composite scores. The common odds ratio for the likelihood of having a lower composite score with randomization to aspirin versus placebo was 1.04 (95% CI 0.96–1.13; P = 0.36; Fig. 1), and for omega-3 FAs versus placebo, was 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.09; P = 0.87; Fig. 2). The effect of randomized treatment allocations on the odds of lower subdomain scores were also non-significant for most of the 11 subdomains (Figures S1 -S22 in the supplementary materials). Although the p-value for a greater likelihood of having a less-than-perfect score for the vision-specific dependency subdomain by omega-3 FAs allocation was 0.04 (odds ratio 1.16; 95% CI 1.01–1.33; Figure S16), this could be a chance finding given the number of comparisons analyzed. The assumption of proportional odds was upheld in every model except for the driving subdomain scores by omega-3 FAs allocation (P = 0.01, Figure S18). Separate analyses to calculate an odds ratio at each data cut-point of this subdomain have not been performed, as per the pre-specified data analysis plan. Discussion In this ASCEND-Eye sub-study of a large randomized placebo-controlled trial, neither randomization to aspirin nor omega-3 FAs for a mean of 7.5 years had any significant effect on composite scores derived from the NEI-VFQ-25, nor on any of its subdomains at a mean of 8.6 years from randomization. Scores obtained from the NEI-VFQ-25 are strongly and independently correlated to visual acuity. 8 The latter serves as an objective indicator of macular function, but it may not reflect how retinal diseases affect other dimensions of vision, including contrast sensitivity, colour perception and stereoscopic vision. 14 Therefore, the NEI-VFQ-25 has been recommended by regulators as a more holistic endpoint and for vision-targeted cost-utility analyses in ophthalmology trials, such as ASCEND-Eye. 15 There are no equivalent studies of the effects of either treatment on NEI-VFQ-25 scores for comparison. However, the average composite and subdomain scores in ASCEND-Eye were consistent with those reported in observational studies of individuals with diabetes. 14,16–18 The distribution of scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 were very negatively skewed towards the highest possible values, both overall and in the subdomains. Therefore, showing between-group differences with this instrument would have required both a large treatment effect and a potential for rapid deterioration of retinal disease during the follow-up period. In ASCEND-Eye, very few participants had severe retinal disease, and both conditions that were of interest, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, are known to progress slowly compared to the duration of follow-up. Since it was not possible to send the NEI-VFQ-25 to those on third-party follow-up at the end of ASCEND, those who completed the questionnaire were slightly younger (Table S1 ), probably less frail and probably with better eyesight than those who were not sent it, making it more difficult to detect any effects. The absence of any treatment effect on the primary and secondary outcome comparisons 6,7 , may explain and is consistent with the fact that there were no significant treatment effects on the NEI-VFQ-25 composite or subdomain scores over the follow-up period. Conclusion Overall, the application of the NEI-VFQ-25 in ASCEND-Eye represents one of the largest surveys of vision-targeted health-related quality of life in people with diabetes to date. Some observational analyses are planned to further investigate these data, which may identify the clinical and demographic characteristics associated with lower composite and subdomain scores in a diabetic population. Abbreviations ASCEND = A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes; NEI-VFQ-25 = National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: The North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee gave approval for the ASCEND-Eye sub-study in October 2016. All participants gave their written informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable Availability of data and materials: All requests for data sharing should be addressed to Professors Jane Armitage and Louise Bowman, Co-Principal Investigators of ASCEND, and will be handled in line with the data access and sharing policy of the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/about/data-access-policy). Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding: The ASCEND study was funded by grants to the University of Oxford from the British Heart Foundation (SP/03/002, SP/08/010/25939, SP/14/3/31114, PG/05/013/18296). The supply of aspirin and matching placebo was provided by Bayer Healthcare AG, and the supply of omega-3 FA and matching placebo capsules by Abbott Products Operations AG (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals), with some funding from each company to cover drug packaging. Some funding for the ASCEND-Eye study was obtained from the Macular Society. The Clinical Trial Research Unit at the University of Oxford receives support from the UK Medical Research Council (which funds the MRC Population Health Research Unit in a strategic partnership with the University of Oxford, MC_UU_00017/3, MC_UU_00017/5), the British Heart Foundation and Cancer Research UK. The Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU) of the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford has a staff policy of not taking any personal payments directly or indirectly from industry (with reimbursement sought only for the costs of travel and accommodation to attend scientific meetings) http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/about-ctsu/documents/independent-research. Financial sources have no authority over the design of the study and collection, analysis or interpretation of data, or the decision to submit manuscripts for publication. Authors' contributions: JA and LB were Co-Principal Investigators of the ASCEND trial, and together with ES, have made substantial contributions to the design of the ASCEND-Eye study. ES obtained regulatory and information governance approvals and wrote this manuscript. WS, GB, SP and IH gave statistical advice and made significant contributions to the data analysis plan and statistical analyses for ASCEND-Eye. All authors read the final manuscript. ES takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the contributions of the ASCEND Steering Committee, the ASCEND Study Collaborative Group and the generosity of trial participants. Meeting Presentations: The material is not under consideration for presentation and has not been previously presented at any medical conferences. Licensing: For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. References Aung T, Haynes R, Barton J, et al. Cost-effective recruitment methods for a large randomised trial in people with diabetes: A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes (ASCEND). Trials. 2016;17(1):286. ASCEND Collaborative Group. A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes: characteristics of a randomized trial of aspirin and of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in 15,480 people with diabetes. Am Heart J. 2018;198:135–44. ASCEND Collaborative Group. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1529–39. Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, et al. Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1540–50. Sammons E, Bowman L, Stevens W, et al. ASCEND-Eye: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics for a sub-study of the ASCEND randomised trial, exploring the effects of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2023;35:101184. Sammons EL, Buck G, Bowman LJ et al. , . ASCEND-Eye: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2023. Sammons EL, Buck G, Bowman LJ et al. , . ASCEND-Eye: Effects of Aspirin on Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2024. Mangione CM, Lee PP, Gutierrez PR, et al. Development of the 25-list-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(7):1050–8. Agresti A. Logistic Regression Models Using Cumulative Logits. Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data. Second ed. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics; 2012. pp. 44–87. McHugh GS, Butcher I, Steyerberg EW, et al. A simulation study evaluating approaches to the analysis of ordinal outcome data in randomized controlled trials in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT Project. Clin Trails. 2010;7(1):44–57. Valenta Z, Pitha J, Poledne R. Proportional odds logistic regression–effective means of dealing with limited uncertainty in dichotomizing clinical outcomes. Stat Med. 2006;25(24):4227–34. Bath PM, Gray LJ, Collier T, Pocock S, Carpenter J. Can we improve the statistical analysis of stroke trials? Statistical reanalysis of functional outcomes in stroke trials. Stroke. 2007;38(6):1911–5. Roozenbeek B, Lingsma HF, Perel P, et al. The added value of ordinal analysis in clinical trials: an example in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care. 2011;15(3):R127. Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BE, Gutierrez P, Mangione CM. The NEI-VFQ-25 in people with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(5):733–40. European Medicines Agency. EU regulatory workshop – ophthalmology: visual function endpoints in clinical trials. (2012). http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2012/09/WC500131815.pdf (accessed 21/03/2018). Mazhar K, Varma R, Choudhury F, McKean-Cowdin R, Shtir CJ, Azen SP. Severity of diabetic retinopathy and health-related quality of life: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):649–55. Trento M, Passera P, Trevisan M, et al. Quality of life, impaired vision and social role in people with diabetes: a multicenter observational study. Acta Diabetol. 2013;50(6):873–7. Trento M, Durando O, Lavecchia S, et al. Vision related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes in the EUROCONDOR trial. Endocrine. 2017;57(1):83–8. Tables Table 1 Baseline Characteristics by randomized treatment allocation in Visual Function Questionnaire Responders Baseline Characteristic Aspirin Randomization Omega-3 FAs Randomization Overall (n=8846) Active (n=4447) Placebo (n=4399) Active (n=4417) Placebo (n=4429) Age at randomization (years) Mean (SD) 62.4±8.3 62.5±8.3 62.4±8.3 62.5±8.3 62.5±8.3 Sex Male 2785 (62.6%) 2744 (62.4%) 2758 (62.4%) 2771 (62.6%) 5529 (62.5%) Female 1662 (37.4%) 1655 (37.6%) 1659 (37.6%) 1658 (37.4%) 3317 (37.5%) Type of diabetes * Type 1 270 (6.1%) 289 (6.6%) 288 (6.5%) 271 (6.1%) 559 (6.3%) Type 2 4177 (93.9%) 4110 (93.4%) 4129 (93.5%) 4158 (93.9%) 8287 (93.7%) Duration of diabetes (years) Median (IQR) 7 (3-12) 6 (3-12) 7 (3-12) 6 (3-12) 7(3-12) Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) † Mean (SD) 135.7±15.1 135.9±14.9 135.9±15.1 135.7±14.9 135.8±14.9 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) † Mean (SD) 77.3±9.3 77.6±9.1 77.5±9.2 77.4±9.1 77.4±9.2 Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) ‡ Mean (SD) 30.8±6.3 30.4±5.9 30.6±6.1 30.6±6.1 30.6±6.1 Cigarette smoking Current 264 (5.9%) 291 (6.6%) 278 (6.3%) 277 (6.3%) 555 (6.3%) Former 1995 (44.9%) 1952 (44.4%) 1959 (44.4%) 1988 (44.9%) 3947 (44.6%) Never 2139 (48.1%) 2104 (47.8%) 2131 (48.2%) 2112 (47.7%) 4243 (48.0%) Unknown 49 (1.1%) 52 (1.2%) 49 (1.1%) 52 (1.2%) 101 (1.1%) Non-study medication ACE-inhibitor or ARB 2559 (57.5%) 2556 (58.1%) 2597 (58.8%) 2518 (56.9%) 5115 (57.8%) Aspirin use before screening 1598 (35.9%) 1559 (35.4%) 1582 (35.8%) 1575 (35.6%) 3157 (35.7%) Thiazide or related diuretic 818 (18.4%) 821 (18.7%) 805 (18.2%) 834 (18.8%) 1639 (18.5%) Calcium channel blocker 1074 (24.2%) 1014 (23.1%) 1040 (23.5%) 1048 (23.7%) 2088 (23.6%) Statin 3424 (77.0%) 3345 (76.0%) 3356 (76.0%) 3413 (77.1%) 6769 (76.5%) Total cholesterol (mmol/L) Mean (SD) 4.1±0.9 4.2±0.9 4.2±0.9 4.1±0.8 4.1±0.9 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Mean (SD) 1.3±0.4 1.3±0.4 1.3±0.4 1.3±0.4 1.3±0.4 Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Mean (SD) 2.9±0.8 2.9±0.8 2.9±0.9 2.9±0.8 2.9±0.8 Glycosylated haemoglobin - HbA1c IFCC (mmol/mol) mean (SD) 53.9±12.1 54.2±12.2 54.2±12.1 53.9±12.3 54.0±12.2 DCCT (%) mean (SD) 7.1±1.1 7.1±1.1 7.1±1.1 7.1±1.1 7.1±1.1 CKD-EPI estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m 2 ) § Mean (SD) 87.9±19.6 87.7±19.9 87.7±20.2 87.8±19.3 87.8±19.8 Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) ¶ Median (IQR) 0.50 (0.00-1.16) 0.49 (0.00-1.12) 0.50 (0.00-1.17) 0.50 (0.00-1.12) 0.50 (0.00-1.14) Townsend Deprivation Index** <-3 1537 (34.6%) 1564 (35.6%) 1574 (35.6%) 1527 (34.5%) 3101 (35.1%) ≥-3<0 1830 (41.2%) 1758 (40.0%) 1762 (39.9%) 1826 (41.2%) 3588 (40.6%) ≥0<2 537 (12.1%) 534 (12.1%) 555 (12.6%) 516 (11.7%) 1071 (12.1%) ≥2<4 322 (7.2%) 303 (6.9%) 292 (6.6%) 333 (7.5%) 625 (7.1%) ≥4<6 161 (3.6%) 162 (3.7%) 162 (3.7%) 161 (3.6%) 323 (3.7%) ≥6 52 (1.2%) 66 (1.5%) 64 (1.4%) 54 (1.2%) 118 (1.3%) Unknown 8 (0.2%) 12 (0.3%) 8 (0.2%) 12 (0.3%) 20 (0.2%) White Ethnicity 4309 (96.9%) 4255 (96.7%) 4279 (96.9%) 4285 (96.7%) 8564 (96.8%) ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; DCCT = Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; FAs = Fatty acids; GFR = Glomerular Filtration Rate; HDL = High-density lipoprotein; IQR = Interquartile range; IFCC =I nternational Federation of Clinical Chemistry; SD = Standard Deviation Figures presented are counts with percentages unless otherwise stated. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Out of 8846 VFQ respondents, 7 answered a bespoke first page of questions that sought incident eye diagnoses but did not complete the NEI-VFQ-25, and 8839 completed both parts of the form. *The presence of type 2 diabetes was based on a broad clinical definition involving the participant’s age when diagnosed with diabetes, the use of insulin within one year after diagnosis, and the body-mass index. † From blood and urine consent forms, generally before randomization. ‡ The body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres) was based on values for height and weight the participants reported on their randomization questionnaires. § Calculated from blood cystatin c concentration using the CKD-EPI formula. (Inker LA, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H , et al. Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C. New England Journal of Medicine 2012; 367(1): 20-9) ¶There was an analysis rule in ASCEND which stated that those with a below detectable threshold albumin component of their urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, would be recorded as zero. This applied to just over 25% of participants in the active arm of the aspirin randomization, and to just under 25% of participants in the placebo arm. Hence the interquartile range included zero. **Townsend scores of 0 represent an area with a UK-average level of deprivation, positive values indicate areas of above-average deprivation, and negative values indicate areas of below-average deprivation. Table 2 Average Composite NEI-VFQ-25 Scores - Overall, by Subdomain and by Randomized Treatment Allocation Aspirin Randomization Omega-3 FAs Randomization Overall Active Placebo Active Placebo n=4444 n=4395 n=4415 n=4424 n=8839 Composite score 87.9 (11.1) 88.2 (11.0) 87.9 (11.3) 88.2 (10.8) 88.1 (11.1) Subdomain score n=4305 n=4242 n=4288 n=4259 n=8547 General Health* 53.9 (21.2) 54.2 (21.7) 54.1 (21.1) 54.1 (21.8) 54.1 (21.4) n=4431 n=4381 n=4403 n=4409 n=8812 General Vision 78.4 (13.7) 78.4 (13.4) 78.4 (13.7) 78.3 (13.7) 78.4 (13.5) n=4444 n=4394 n=4414 n=4424 n=8838 Ocular Pain 91.3 (14.1) 91.7 (13.8) 91.4 (14.1) 91.6 (13.8) 91.5 (13.9) n=4433 n=4382 n=4402 n=4413 n=8815 Near Activities 88.0 (15.9) 88.1 (15.9) 87.8 (16.3) 88.3 (15.5) 88.1 (15.9) n=4433 n=4381 n=4404 n=4410 n=8814 Distance Activities 91.9 (13.9) 92.1 (13.6) 91.9 (14.0) 92.2 (13.5) 92.1 (13.8) n=4429 n=4381 n=4401 n=4409 n=8810 Social Functioning 96.5 (11.0) 96.5 (10.9) 96.3 (11.4) 96.7 (10.5) 96.5 (10.9) n=4441 n=4392 n=4413 n=4420 n=8833 Mental Health 90.4 (14.8) 90.7 (14.5) 90.2 (15.0) 90.9 (14.3) 90.5 (14.7) n=4389 n=4345 n=4361 n=4373 n=8734 Role Dependency 91.2 (17.6) 91.2 (17.7) 91.0 (17.9) 91.5 (17.3) 91.2 (17.6) n=4421 n=4372 n=4390 n=4403 n=8793 Vision-Specific Dependency 96.8 (12.1) 97.0 (11.5) 96.8 (12.1) 97.1 (11.6) 96.9 (11.8) n=3215 n=3201 n=3221 n=3195 n=6416 Driving 87.9 (20.7) 88.9 (19.1) 87.9 (20.8) 88.8 (18.9) 88.4 (19.9) n=4392 n=4350 n=4365 n=4377 n=8742 Colour Vision 97.2 (10.7) 97.3 (10.3) 97.3 (10.5) 97.2 (10.6) 97.3 (10.5) n=4419 n=4361 n=4394 n=4386 n=8780 Peripheral Vision 93.3 (15.2) 93.3 (15.2) 93.3 (15.2) 93.3 (15.2) 93.3 (15.2) FAs = Fatty acids. Figures are presented as mean (standard deviation). The number of participants who gave non-missing answers and contributed to the composite and subdomain score analyses is shown in the row above the mean and standard deviation results. *The general health subdomain is not included in the calculation of composite scores from the NEI-VFQ-25. The instrument developers intend the composite and subdomain scores to be interpreted alongside the general health score and hence, they are displayed in the table. Comparisons of the responses to this question by randomized treatment allocation were conducted on a post-hoc basis and are shown in the supplementary materials. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterials30042024.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Ophthalmology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 02 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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Sammons","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxsYDCE4FA2ODBJzHhktLA5KWM0RpYWBAaGFsI0ILv9jhhsM8DHXyutMOH3v4c94d2e3SDYyPeRjs5Bkk0hKwaZGcnQjScthw2+20dGPebc+Md845wGw4gyHZsEEi7QA2LQa3wVoOMG67nWMmzbjtcOKGGwlsEh8YmBMYJNIbsGmxh2ipswdpkfw5B6olgaEepxYDabAW5kSQFgneBrgth4FasDtMAmjLwTkGh5OBfkmT5jl22HjnjMRmwxkGxw3beJ5h9T7/7PSHD95U1Nluu518TPJHzWHZ7RLJBx/zVFTL87OnGWDTAgJMPMhSBsCoAZF4IhIYgT9QfIdH5SgYBaNgFIxMAACkKmQ8T0M+xAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emily","middleName":"L","lastName":"Sammons","suffix":""},{"id":299531220,"identity":"916ff05e-3f4a-4c8e-8dc1-cf26c6fff564","order_by":1,"name":"Georgina Buck","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford, Big Data Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Georgina","middleName":"","lastName":"Buck","suffix":""},{"id":299531225,"identity":"905ed23c-3487-4ff0-8bab-7df96c7f2cc4","order_by":2,"name":"Louise J Bowman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Louise","middleName":"J","lastName":"Bowman","suffix":""},{"id":299531227,"identity":"5e7e7d34-11d8-4686-9b3f-c290071b55b1","order_by":3,"name":"William M Stevens","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford, Big Data Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"William","middleName":"M","lastName":"Stevens","suffix":""},{"id":299531229,"identity":"816a266e-5d1c-42be-8400-5a786ab689fc","order_by":4,"name":"Imen Hammami","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford, Big Data Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Imen","middleName":"","lastName":"Hammami","suffix":""},{"id":299531230,"identity":"a25ab4f5-ffb3-4fd6-bf5f-108988e83cd7","order_by":5,"name":"Sarah Parish","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford, Big Data Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sarah","middleName":"","lastName":"Parish","suffix":""},{"id":299531231,"identity":"aa82dafc-33fa-46c6-b83f-f27a55e59e85","order_by":6,"name":"Jane Armitage","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Oxford","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jane","middleName":"","lastName":"Armitage","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-30 10:44:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4348414/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4348414/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03741-x","type":"published","date":"2024-11-05T15:57:30+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56276951,"identity":"fac55470-67f8-4913-8630-99b90a8d70d8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-10 20:12:24","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":507489,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComposite Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 by Aspirin Allocation\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1CompositeScoreaspirinunblind.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4348414/v1/8cfa5acbaf77c60f5ce7dfca.png"},{"id":56276976,"identity":"281fd107-e445-41a3-a09f-f606b498c189","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-10 20:12:57","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":512571,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComposite Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 by Omega-3 Fatty Acids Allocation\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2CompositeScoreomegaunblind.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4348414/v1/abdeccceaaf7aaa7727d3c6e.png"},{"id":68749928,"identity":"2e6737e0-8a67-42da-a451-5c44a51b55f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-11 16:07:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2682403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4348414/v1/934796a9-6c3f-4fe3-99b7-e604fefeb837.pdf"},{"id":56276973,"identity":"67579b7c-b758-41cf-990a-87a1aa8d98bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-10 20:12:53","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1677573,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterials30042024.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4348414/v1/7d3830f409276ddf25f51804.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effects of Aspirin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Composite and Subdomain Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 Questionnaire: The ASCEND-Eye Randomized Controlled Trial","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eASCEND-Eye is an eye-health sub-study of the ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes) double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in 15,480 UK adults, at least 40 years of age, with diabetes.\u003csup\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/sup\u003e We have previously published the rationale, design and baseline characteristics\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e of this sub-study, as well as results showing a lack of any significant treatment effect on the primary outcome of referable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy.\u003csup\u003e6,7\u003c/sup\u003e We now present the results from pre-specified analyses of the sub-study\u0026rsquo;s secondary and tertiary efficacy outcomes, comparing the effects of aspirin versus placebo and, separately, omega-3 FAs versus placebo on composite and subdomain scores from the National Eye Institute\u0026rsquo;s Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25).\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Design and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTrial Oversight\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigators from the Clinical Trial Service Unit at the University of Oxford designed and conducted ASCEND-Eye, overseen by the Trial Steering Committee. Members of the writing committee vouch for the sub-study\u0026rsquo;s faithfulness to the data analysis plan.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipants and Procedures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe design of ASCEND has been described in detail elsewhere.\u003csup\u003e1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/sup\u003e Briefly, the trial used mail-based methods to recruit and follow up 15,480 UK participants who were recruited between 2005 and 2011. They comprised men and women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, who were at least 40 years of age, with no previous history of cardiovascular disease, no contraindication to the use of aspirin or omega-3 FAs, and no pre-existing life-limiting medical condition. Eligible participants were randomized in a 2\u0026times;2 factorial double-blinded design, between 100mg aspirin daily or matching placebo and, separately, 1g omega-3 FA capsules (containing 460mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 380mg docosahexaenoic acid) daily or matching placebo. After randomization, participants were followed up using questionnaires sent every six months. All surviving participants who were on web- or mail-based follow-up at the end of the trial (31st July 2017) were sent the ASCEND-Eye Visual function questionnaire (VFQ) via the post (see supplementary materials).\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e The VFQ consisted of two parts: a bespoke first page of questions which explicitly sought incident diagnoses of serious eye conditions, followed by the standard National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25), which gathered information about the effects of visual impairment on activities of daily living and emotional well-being and has been reported to be a reliable and valid questionnaire across various chronic eye conditions.\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e Questionnaires were scanned and coded using commercial optical character recognition software supplemented by quality control software developed in-house for ASCEND. The participants\u0026rsquo; signatures and dates of birth on every form were checked for consistency with those recorded on the ASCEND randomization form. Occasionally, resolving multiple or contradictory responses was also necessary by telephoning the participant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOutcomes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analyses reported here were part of a more comprehensive programme of research conducted for the ASCEND-Eye sub-study, described in detail previously.\u003csup\u003e5\u0026ndash;7\u003c/sup\u003e In this paper, we present the results from the pre-specified analyses of the secondary and tertiary efficacy outcomes, assessing the effects of randomization to aspirin compared with placebo and, separately, omega-3 FAs compared with placebo, on composite and subdomain scores from the NEI-VFQ-25, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data analysis plan was publicly available on the trial website (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://ascend.medsci.ox.ac.uk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://ascend.medsci.ox.ac.uk\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) before unblinding the ASCEND-Eye results. NEI-VFQ-25 composite and subdomain scores (general vision, ocular pain, near vision, distance vision, social function, mental health, role limitations, dependency, driving, colour vision and peripheral vision) were calculated using the scoring algorithm prescribed by the instrument developers (see Supplementary Materials), with a score of 0 representing the worst possible outcome and 100 representing perfect vision-specific quality of life.\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e As blinded preliminary analyses confirmed that the distribution of the composite score was negatively skewed, scores were grouped into a 5-point ordinal scale (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90, 80\u0026ndash;89, 70\u0026ndash;79, 60\u0026ndash;69 and \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;60) and analyzed by proportional ordinal logistic regression.\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e This analysis method was chosen because there is simulated\u003csup\u003e10,11\u003c/sup\u003e and empirical evidence\u003csup\u003e12,13\u003c/sup\u003e that the method has greater power to detect differences in the treatment effect than if the data is dichotomized into a binary favourable versus unfavourable outcome. It assumes that treatment allocation has a similar effect on all pairs of grouped scores (i.e. the treatment effect between composite scores\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;60 and \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 is the same as the treatment effect between composite scores\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;70 and \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;70, etc). Thus, a common odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to interpret the average effect size of randomization to aspirin versus placebo and, separately, omega-3 FAs versus placebo. The same approach was used to analyze the 11 subdomains, with the number and position of cut-points also based on a blinded preliminary assessment of the subdomain score distributions (Supplementary Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e). To avoid multiple comparisons of the same data, we pre-specified that separate odds ratios between active and placebo groups at each response level would not be presented if the proportional odds assumption was violated. No formal adjustments for multiplicity were made for these secondary and tertiary analyses of ASCEND-Eye.\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e Therefore, two-tailed P-values of less than 0.05 and the 95% confidence interval should be interpreted with caution.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll analyses were carried out using SAS version 9.4 statistical software.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn total, 8,846 out of 11,301 participants eligible to receive the VFQ responded. Those who did not respond were slightly older and had a longer duration of diabetes (Supplementary Table S2). The baseline characteristics of VFQ responders were well-balanced between the randomized groups (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The mean (standard deviation) time from randomization to completing the VFQ was 8.6 (1.4) years; the mean (standard deviation) duration of trial treatment was 7.5 (1.4) years. Among those who returned a VFQ, the study average adherence to aspirin and omega-3 FAs was 79.3% and 88.4%, respectively, with similar proportions in the corresponding placebo arms (Table S3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf the 8,846 VFQ responders, 7 completed the page of questions on incident eye diagnoses but did not complete the NEI-VFQ-25, and 8,839 completed both parts. Mean composite and subdomain scores overall and by randomized treatment allocations are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. There was no statistically significant effect of either aspirin or omega-3 FAs on the composite scores. The common odds ratio for the likelihood of having a lower composite score with randomization to aspirin versus placebo was 1.04 (95% CI 0.96\u0026ndash;1.13; P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.36; Fig.\u0026nbsp;1), and for omega-3 FAs versus placebo, was 1.01 (95% CI 0.93\u0026ndash;1.09; P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.87; Fig.\u0026nbsp;2). The effect of randomized treatment allocations on the odds of lower subdomain scores were also non-significant for most of the 11 subdomains (Figures \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e-S22 in the supplementary materials). Although the p-value for a greater likelihood of having a less-than-perfect score for the vision-specific dependency subdomain by omega-3 FAs allocation was 0.04 (odds ratio 1.16; 95% CI 1.01\u0026ndash;1.33; Figure S16), this could be a chance finding given the number of comparisons analyzed. The assumption of proportional odds was upheld in every model except for the driving subdomain scores by omega-3 FAs allocation (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01, Figure S18). Separate analyses to calculate an odds ratio at each data cut-point of this subdomain have not been performed, as per the pre-specified data analysis plan.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this ASCEND-Eye sub-study of a large randomized placebo-controlled trial, neither randomization to aspirin nor omega-3 FAs for a mean of 7.5 years had any significant effect on composite scores derived from the NEI-VFQ-25, nor on any of its subdomains at a mean of 8.6 years from randomization. Scores obtained from the NEI-VFQ-25 are strongly and independently correlated to visual acuity.\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e The latter serves as an objective indicator of macular function, but it may not reflect how retinal diseases affect other dimensions of vision, including contrast sensitivity, colour perception and stereoscopic vision.\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e Therefore, the NEI-VFQ-25 has been recommended by regulators as a more holistic endpoint and for vision-targeted cost-utility analyses in ophthalmology trials, such as ASCEND-Eye.\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e There are no equivalent studies of the effects of either treatment on NEI-VFQ-25 scores for comparison. However, the average composite and subdomain scores in ASCEND-Eye were consistent with those reported in observational studies of individuals with diabetes.\u003csup\u003e14,16\u0026ndash;18\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe distribution of scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 were very negatively skewed towards the highest possible values, both overall and in the subdomains. Therefore, showing between-group differences with this instrument would have required both a large treatment effect and a potential for rapid deterioration of retinal disease during the follow-up period. In ASCEND-Eye, very few participants had severe retinal disease, and both conditions that were of interest, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, are known to progress slowly compared to the duration of follow-up. Since it was not possible to send the NEI-VFQ-25 to those on third-party follow-up at the end of ASCEND, those who completed the questionnaire were slightly younger (Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e), probably less frail and probably with better eyesight than those who were not sent it, making it more difficult to detect any effects. The absence of any treatment effect on the primary and secondary outcome comparisons\u003csup\u003e6,7\u003c/sup\u003e, may explain and is consistent with the fact that there were no significant treatment effects on the NEI-VFQ-25 composite or subdomain scores over the follow-up period.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOverall, the application of the NEI-VFQ-25 in ASCEND-Eye represents one of the largest surveys of vision-targeted health-related quality of life in people with diabetes to date. Some observational analyses are planned to further investigate these data, which may identify the clinical and demographic characteristics associated with lower composite and subdomain scores in a diabetic population.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eASCEND = A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes; NEI-VFQ-25 = National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate: \u003c/strong\u003eThe North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee gave approval for the ASCEND-Eye sub-study in October 2016. All participants gave their written informed consent. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials:\u003c/strong\u003e All requests for data sharing should be addressed to Professors Jane Armitage and Louise Bowman, Co-Principal Investigators of ASCEND, and will be handled in line with the data access and sharing policy of the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/about/data-access-policy).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding: \u003c/strong\u003eThe ASCEND study was funded by grants to the University of Oxford from the British Heart Foundation (SP/03/002, SP/08/010/25939, SP/14/3/31114, PG/05/013/18296). The supply of aspirin and matching placebo was provided by Bayer Healthcare AG, and the supply of omega-3 FA and matching placebo capsules by Abbott Products Operations AG (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals), with some funding from each company to cover drug packaging. Some funding for the ASCEND-Eye study was obtained from the Macular Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Clinical Trial Research Unit at the University of Oxford receives support from the UK Medical Research Council (which funds the MRC Population Health Research Unit in a strategic partnership with the University of Oxford, MC_UU_00017/3, MC_UU_00017/5), the British Heart Foundation and Cancer Research UK. The Clinical Trial Service Unit \u0026amp; Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU) of the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford has a staff policy of not taking any personal payments directly or indirectly from industry (with reimbursement sought only for the costs of travel and accommodation to attend scientific meetings) http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/about-ctsu/documents/independent-research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFinancial sources have no authority over the design of the study and collection, analysis or interpretation of data, or the decision to submit manuscripts for publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions: \u003c/strong\u003eJA and LB were Co-Principal Investigators of the ASCEND trial, and together with ES, have made substantial contributions to the design of the ASCEND-Eye study. ES obtained regulatory and information governance approvals and wrote this manuscript. WS, GB, SP and IH gave statistical advice and made significant contributions to the data analysis plan and statistical analyses for ASCEND-Eye. All authors read the final manuscript. ES takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors acknowledge the contributions of the ASCEND Steering Committee, the ASCEND Study Collaborative Group and the generosity of trial participants. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeeting Presentations: \u003c/strong\u003eThe material is not under consideration for presentation and has not been previously presented at any medical conferences. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLicensing:\u003c/strong\u003e For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAung T, Haynes R, Barton J, et al. Cost-effective recruitment methods for a large randomised trial in people with diabetes: A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes (ASCEND). Trials. 2016;17(1):286.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eASCEND Collaborative Group. A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes: characteristics of a randomized trial of aspirin and of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in 15,480 people with diabetes. Am Heart J. 2018;198:135\u0026ndash;44.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eASCEND Collaborative Group. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1529\u0026ndash;39.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, et al. Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1540\u0026ndash;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSammons E, Bowman L, Stevens W, et al. ASCEND-Eye: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics for a sub-study of the ASCEND randomised trial, exploring the effects of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2023;35:101184.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSammons EL, Buck G, Bowman LJ et al. ,\u003cem\u003e. ASCEND-Eye: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2023.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSammons EL, Buck G, Bowman LJ et al. ,\u003cem\u003e. ASCEND-Eye: Effects of Aspirin on Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2024.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMangione CM, Lee PP, Gutierrez PR, et al. Development of the 25-list-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(7):1050\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAgresti A. Logistic Regression Models Using Cumulative Logits. Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data. Second ed. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics; 2012. pp. 44\u0026ndash;87.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcHugh GS, Butcher I, Steyerberg EW, et al. A simulation study evaluating approaches to the analysis of ordinal outcome data in randomized controlled trials in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT Project. Clin Trails. 2010;7(1):44\u0026ndash;57.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eValenta Z, Pitha J, Poledne R. Proportional odds logistic regression\u0026ndash;effective means of dealing with limited uncertainty in dichotomizing clinical outcomes. Stat Med. 2006;25(24):4227\u0026ndash;34.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBath PM, Gray LJ, Collier T, Pocock S, Carpenter J. Can we improve the statistical analysis of stroke trials? Statistical reanalysis of functional outcomes in stroke trials. Stroke. 2007;38(6):1911\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRoozenbeek B, Lingsma HF, Perel P, et al. The added value of ordinal analysis in clinical trials: an example in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care. 2011;15(3):R127.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKlein R, Moss SE, Klein BE, Gutierrez P, Mangione CM. The NEI-VFQ-25 in people with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(5):733\u0026ndash;40.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEuropean Medicines Agency. EU regulatory workshop \u0026ndash; ophthalmology: visual function endpoints in clinical trials. (2012). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2012/09/WC500131815.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2012/09/WC500131815.pdf\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (accessed 21/03/2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMazhar K, Varma R, Choudhury F, McKean-Cowdin R, Shtir CJ, Azen SP. Severity of diabetic retinopathy and health-related quality of life: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(4):649\u0026ndash;55.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTrento M, Passera P, Trevisan M, et al. Quality of life, impaired vision and social role in people with diabetes: a multicenter observational study. Acta Diabetol. 2013;50(6):873\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTrento M, Durando O, Lavecchia S, et al. Vision related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes in the EUROCONDOR trial. Endocrine. 2017;57(1):83\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1 Baseline Characteristics by randomized treatment allocation in Visual Function Questionnaire Responders\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.77319587628866%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBaseline Characteristic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.896907216494846%\" colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAspirin Randomization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.896907216494846%\" colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOmega-3 FAs Randomization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.43298969072165%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=8846)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=4447)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlacebo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=4399)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(n=4417)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlacebo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=4429)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge at randomization\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.4\u0026plusmn;8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.5\u0026plusmn;8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.4\u0026plusmn;8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.5\u0026plusmn;8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.5\u0026plusmn;8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2785\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(62.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2744\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(62.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2758\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(62.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2771\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(62.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5529\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1662\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1655\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1659\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1658\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3317\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of diabetes\u003c/strong\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eType 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e289\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e288\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e271\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e559\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eType 2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4177\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(93.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4110\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(93.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4129\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(93.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4158\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(93.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8287\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(93.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDuration of diabetes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(3-12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystolic blood pressure\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.7\u0026plusmn;15.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.9\u0026plusmn;14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.9\u0026plusmn;15.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.7\u0026plusmn;14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.8\u0026plusmn;14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiastolic blood pressure\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(mmHg)\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.3\u0026plusmn;9.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.6\u0026plusmn;9.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.5\u0026plusmn;9.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.4\u0026plusmn;9.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.4\u0026plusmn;9.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBody mass index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026Dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.8\u0026plusmn;6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4\u0026plusmn;5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.6\u0026plusmn;6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.6\u0026plusmn;6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.6\u0026plusmn;6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCigarette smoking\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e264\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e291\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e278\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e277\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e555\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFormer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1995\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1952\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1959\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1988\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3947\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(44.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2139\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(48.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2104\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(47.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2131\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(48.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2112\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(47.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4243\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(48.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknown\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-study medication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eACE-inhibitor or ARB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2559\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(57.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2556\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2597\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2518\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(56.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5115\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(57.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAspirin use before screening\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1598\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1559\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1582\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1575\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3157\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiazide or related diuretic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e821\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e805\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e834\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCalcium channel blocker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1048\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3424\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(77.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3345\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(76.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3356\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(76.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3413\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(77.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6769\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(76.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal cholesterol (mmol/L)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026plusmn;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026plusmn;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026plusmn;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026plusmn;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026plusmn;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHDL cholesterol (mmol/L)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026plusmn;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026plusmn;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026plusmn;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026plusmn;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026plusmn;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026plusmn;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026plusmn;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026plusmn;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026plusmn;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026plusmn;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlycosylated haemoglobin - HbA1c\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIFCC (mmol/mol) mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u0026plusmn;12.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.2\u0026plusmn;12.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.2\u0026plusmn;12.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u0026plusmn;12.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.0\u0026plusmn;12.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDCCT (%) mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026plusmn;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026plusmn;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026plusmn;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026plusmn;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026plusmn;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCKD-EPI estimated GFR\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(ml/min/1.73m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026sect;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.9\u0026plusmn;19.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.7\u0026plusmn;19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.7\u0026plusmn;20.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.8\u0026plusmn;19.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.8\u0026plusmn;19.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrinary albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026para;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.00-1.16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.00-1.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.00-1.17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.00-1.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.736842105263158%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.00-1.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTownsend Deprivation Index**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;-3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1537\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(34.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1564\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1574\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1527\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(34.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3101\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;-3\u0026lt;0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1830\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1758\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1762\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(39.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1826\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3588\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;0\u0026lt;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e537\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e534\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e555\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e516\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1071\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;2\u0026lt;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e322\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e303\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e292\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e333\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e625\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;4\u0026lt;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e323\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknown\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhite Ethnicity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4309\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(96.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4255\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(96.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4279\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(96.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4285\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(96.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8564\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(96.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.31578947368421%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.315789473684211%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.421052631578947%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; DCCT = Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; FAs = Fatty acids; GFR = Glomerular Filtration Rate; HDL = High-density lipoprotein; IQR = Interquartile range; IFCC =I nternational Federation of Clinical Chemistry; SD = Standard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigures presented are counts with percentages unless otherwise stated. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOut of 8846 VFQ respondents, 7 answered a bespoke first page of questions that sought incident eye diagnoses but did not complete the NEI-VFQ-25, and 8839 completed both parts of the form.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*The presence of type 2 diabetes was based on a broad clinical definition involving the participant\u0026rsquo;s age when diagnosed with diabetes, the use of insulin within one year after diagnosis, and the body-mass index.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026dagger; From blood and urine consent forms, generally before randomization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026Dagger; The body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres) was based on values for height and weight the participants reported on their randomization questionnaires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026sect; Calculated from blood cystatin c concentration using the CKD-EPI formula. (Inker LA, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C. \u003cem\u003eNew England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em\u003e 2012; 367(1): 20-9)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026para;There was an analysis rule in ASCEND which stated that those with a below detectable threshold albumin component of their urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, would be recorded as zero. This applied to just over 25% of participants in the active arm of the aspirin randomization, and to just under 25% of participants in the placebo arm. Hence the interquartile range included zero.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e**Townsend scores of 0 represent an area with a UK-average level of deprivation, positive values indicate areas of above-average deprivation, and negative values indicate areas of below-average deprivation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2 Average Composite NEI-VFQ-25 Scores - Overall, by Subdomain and by Randomized Treatment Allocation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAspirin Randomization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOmega-3 FAs Randomization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlacebo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlacebo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4444\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4395\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4415\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4424\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8839\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComposite score\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.9 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.2 (11.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.9 (11.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.2 (10.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.1 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubdomain score\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4305\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4242\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4288\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4259\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8547\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeneral Health*\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9 (21.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.2 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.1 (21.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.1 (21.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.1 (21.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4431\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4381\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4403\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4409\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8812\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeneral Vision\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4 (13.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4 (13.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4 (13.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.3 (13.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4444\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4394\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4414\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4424\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8838\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOcular Pain\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.3 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.7 (13.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.4 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.6 (13.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.5 (13.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4433\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4382\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4402\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4413\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8815\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNear Activities\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.0 (15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.1 (15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.8 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.3 (15.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.1 (15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4433\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4381\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4404\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4410\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8814\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistance Activities\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.9 (13.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.1 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.9 (14.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.2 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.1 (13.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4429\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4381\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4401\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4409\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8810\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocial Functioning\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.5 (11.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.5 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.3 (11.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.7 (10.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.5 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4441\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4392\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4413\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4420\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8833\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMental Health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.4 (14.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.7 (14.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.2 (15.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.9 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.5 (14.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4389\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4345\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4361\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4373\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8734\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRole Dependency\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.2 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.2 (17.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.0 (17.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.5 (17.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.2 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4421\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4372\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4390\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4403\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8793\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVision-Specific Dependency\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.8 (12.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.0 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.8 (12.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.1 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.9 (11.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=3215\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=3201\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=3221\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=3195\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=6416\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDriving\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.9 (20.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.9 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.9 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.8 (18.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.4 (19.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4392\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4350\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4365\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4377\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8742\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColour Vision\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.2 (10.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.3 (10.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.3 (10.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.2 (10.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.3 (10.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4419\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4361\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4394\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=4386\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=8780\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeripheral Vision\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.3 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.3 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.3 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.3 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.3 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.571428571428573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.285714285714286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAs = Fatty acids. Figures are presented as mean (standard deviation). The number of participants who gave non-missing answers and contributed to the composite and subdomain score analyses is shown in the row above the mean and standard deviation results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*The general health subdomain is not included in the calculation of composite scores from the NEI-VFQ-25. The instrument developers intend the composite and subdomain scores to be interpreted alongside the general health score and hence, they are displayed in the table. Comparisons of the responses to this question by randomized treatment allocation were conducted on a post-hoc basis and are shown in the supplementary materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-ophthalmology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"boph","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Ophthalmology](http://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/boph","title":"BMC Ophthalmology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Aspirin, omega-3 fatty acids, NEI-VFQ-25, randomized controlled trial, diabetes","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4348414/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4348414/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe double-blind, 2x2 factorial design, placebo-controlled ASCEND randomized trial compared the effects of 100mg aspirin daily and, separately, 1g omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) daily on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in 15,480 UK adults with diabetes. We report the effects of these randomized treatment allocations on scores derived from the National Eye Institute’s Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) in a subset of participants involved in the ASCEND-Eye sub-study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrdinal data from the NEI-VFQ-25 were analyzed using proportional odds regression methods. A common odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to interpret the average effect size of randomization to each study treatment on composite and subdomain scores from the questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeither randomization to aspirin nor omega-3 FAs for 7.5 years significantly affected composite or subdomain scores from the NEI-VFQ-25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApplying the NEI-VFQ-25 in ASCEND-Eye represents one of the largest surveys of vision-targeted health-related quality of life in people with diabetes. Further observational analyses of these data are planned, to identify the clinical and demographic characteristics associated with lower composite and subdomain scores in a diabetic population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy registration:\u003c/strong\u003e Eudract No. 2004-000991-15; Multicentre Research Ethics Committee Ref No. 03/8/087; ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT00135226; ISRCTN No. ISRCTN60635500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtocol:\u003c/strong\u003e available via the ClinicalTrials.gov website.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effects of Aspirin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Composite and Subdomain Scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 Questionnaire: The ASCEND-Eye Randomized Controlled Trial","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-10 20:10:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4348414/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-05-10T09:38:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-02T05:55:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-02T05:55:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Ophthalmology","date":"2024-04-30T10:42:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-ophthalmology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"boph","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Ophthalmology](http://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/boph","title":"BMC Ophthalmology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2eefd137-e03e-4b93-9bb6-7b5e05c24bc0","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-11T16:01:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4348414","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03741-x","journal":{"identity":"bmc-ophthalmology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Ophthalmology"},"publishedOn":"2024-11-05 15:57:30","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 5th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-10 20:10:38","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12886-024-03741-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03741-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4348414","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4348414","identity":"rs-4348414","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}