Needs and barriers around affective-sexual and gender diversity: are the system and institutions up to the task?

Needs and barriers around affective-sexual and gender diversity: are the system and institutions up to the task? | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Needs and barriers around affective-sexual and gender diversity: are the system and institutions up to the task? María Aranda, Virginia Fuentes, Teresa Fernández, David Moreno This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7766378/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Despite advancements towards full equality for LGBTIQA + individuals, progress is neither linear nor complete. Therefore, it is important to delve into the challenges, needs, and obstacles that remain to be addressed. This study analyzed the barriers and needs surrounding affective-sexual diversity and gender identity, revealing discriminations and their mechanisms. A qualitative design utilizing focus groups was selected. The perceptions of 19 participants were analyzed, including representatives from NGOs and educational institutions ( n = 7), NGOs focused on sexual diversity ( n = 7), and public institutions ( n = 5). All groups included both LGBTIQA + and non-LGBTIQA + individuals. The results revealed the existence of barriers in the form of more or less direct discrimination, such as ridicule, resistance to implementing the law, different types of violence. This discrimination originates and persists due to a combination of macrosocial factors, such as a sociocultural context marked by a cisheteronormative collective imaginary that generates social rejection, the naturalization of violence, and myths; and microsocial factors, including individual aspects in the form of attitudes fueled by cognitions (beliefs, stereotypes, and ignorance) and emotions (prejudices connected to fear, disgust, or paternalism/maternalism). Needs related to training, compliance with laws, and the review of implemented strategies were also highlighted. LGBTIQA+ focus groups needs discrimination sexual diversity gender identity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Alternativetext.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 21 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 12 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 02 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 02 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7766378","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":530838765,"identity":"e162de62-495f-46cc-9682-5d74facbb062","order_by":0,"name":"María Aranda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"María","middleName":"","lastName":"Aranda","suffix":""},{"id":530838767,"identity":"8f54b9d6-b579-4fd0-a295-497b71fb283e","order_by":1,"name":"Virginia 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