Comparative structural, dielectric and electrical studies of pure, Mg-doped, Cr-doped and co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 electro-ceramic

Comparative structural, dielectric and electrical studies of pure, Mg-doped, Cr-doped and co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 electro-ceramic | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparative structural, dielectric and electrical studies of pure, Mg-doped, Cr-doped and co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 electro-ceramic Cécile Autret-lambert, Adel Megriche, Salam Rhouma, Senda Said This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8128609/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This work highlights the basis for the development of novel CCTO-based dielectric materials, suitable for many applications, including as capacitors. In this study, we explored the impact of Mg and/or Cr substitutions on microstructure and dielectric characteristics of CaCu 3 − x Mg x Ti 4 O 12 (x = 0.1,0.2, 0.3), CaCu 3 Ti 4 − y Cr x O 12 and CaCu 2.9 Mg 0.3 Ti 4−y Cr y O 12 ceramics (y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03). The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all the synthesized samples maintained a single phase, free from impurities. The Rietveld refinement results confirm the formation of all intended phases independently of the dopant rate, with slight variations in the structural parameters. Examination of SEM images revealed that the introduction of small amounts of Mg and/or Cr during sintering disclosed similar morphology compared to pure CCTO. In particular, the CaCu 2.9 Mg 0.3 Ti 3.99 Cr 0.01 O 12 composition revealed minor differences in grain size compared to pure ceramics. However, the solid solutions of formula CaCu 2.9 Mg 0.3 Ti 4−y Cr y O 12 whose percentage of Chromium is greater than 0.02 show a remarkable grain growth. The dielectric studies, conducted over a wide frequency range, showed that the co-doped ceramics exhibited impressive dielectric permittivity. Notably, the compositions CaCu 2.7 Mg 0.3 Ti 4 O 12 and CaCu 2.9 Mg 0.3 Ti 4−y Cr y O 12 show a remarkable dielectric constant with values ​​ranging from about 6.7 to 8.56 × 10 4 . Furthermore, Chromium-doped ceramics also exhibit low dielectric loss, with tanδ values ranging from 0.039 to 0.05. The dual substitution greatly improved resistivity. Moreover, impedance analysis revealed good stability regardless of the Chromium content in the co-doped ceramics. The highest resistivity increases with of Chromium content. Notably, the composition with the best resistivity also presents an interesting dielectric permittivity (53060) at 1 kHz. CaCu3Ti4O12. Co-substitution colossal permittivity Dielectric properties Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8128609","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":549348909,"identity":"2cc66b25-4e46-476f-8110-571d3cc5aae9","order_by":0,"name":"Cécile Autret-lambert","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"GREMAN UMR 7347 Université of Tours - CNRS - CEA – INSA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cécile","middleName":"","lastName":"Autret-lambert","suffix":""},{"id":549348910,"identity":"7009c982-4116-466d-bb2d-ef7e477c2ffe","order_by":1,"name":"Adel Megriche","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université de Tunis 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electro-ceramic","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"CaCu3Ti4O12. Co-substitution, colossal permittivity, Dielectric properties","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8128609/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8128609/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis work highlights the basis for the development of novel CCTO-based dielectric materials, suitable for many applications, including as capacitors. In this study, we explored the impact of Mg and/or Cr substitutions on microstructure and dielectric characteristics of CaCu\u003csub\u003e3\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e (x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1,0.2, 0.3), CaCu\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e4\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;y\u003c/sub\u003eCr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e and CaCu\u003csub\u003e2.9\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e4\u0026minus;y\u003c/sub\u003eCr\u003csub\u003ey\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e ceramics (y\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01, 0.02, 0.03). The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all the synthesized samples maintained a single phase, free from impurities. The Rietveld refinement results confirm the formation of all intended phases independently of the dopant rate, with slight variations in the structural parameters. Examination of SEM images revealed that the introduction of small amounts of Mg and/or Cr during sintering disclosed similar morphology compared to pure CCTO. In particular, the CaCu\u003csub\u003e2.9\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e3.99\u003c/sub\u003eCr\u003csub\u003e0.01\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e composition revealed minor differences in grain size compared to pure ceramics. However, the solid solutions of formula CaCu\u003csub\u003e2.9\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e4\u0026minus;y\u003c/sub\u003eCr\u003csub\u003ey\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e whose percentage of Chromium is greater than 0.02 show a remarkable grain growth. The dielectric studies, conducted over a wide frequency range, showed that the co-doped ceramics exhibited impressive dielectric permittivity. Notably, the compositions CaCu\u003csub\u003e2.7\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e and CaCu\u003csub\u003e2.9\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003eTi\u003csub\u003e4\u0026minus;y\u003c/sub\u003eCr\u003csub\u003ey\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e show a remarkable dielectric constant with values ​​ranging from about 6.7 to 8.56 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. Furthermore, Chromium-doped ceramics also exhibit low dielectric loss, with tanδ values ranging from 0.039 to 0.05. The dual substitution greatly improved resistivity. Moreover, impedance analysis revealed good stability regardless of the Chromium content in the co-doped ceramics. The highest resistivity increases with of Chromium content. Notably, the composition with the best resistivity also presents an interesting dielectric permittivity (53060) at 1 kHz.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparative structural, dielectric and electrical studies of pure, Mg-doped, Cr-doped and co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 electro-ceramic","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-27 17:34:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8128609/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"001e2917-2314-475d-add8-7fab675832a4","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-03T00:38:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-27 17:34:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8128609","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8128609","identity":"rs-8128609","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}