Pandemic, War and Economic Sanctions: From Turbulent to Confrontational Globalization
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AI-generated summary
The COVID-19 pandemic caused turbulent globalization, while the Russia-Ukraine war and sanctions ushered in a new era of confrontational globalization.
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Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an impression of the beginning of deglobalization, although in reality it was pseudo deglobalization. It manifested itself in the turbulence of globalization processes. Russia's war in Ukraine and Western economic sanctions against Russia have created a new type of globalization - confrontational globalization.
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- last seen: 2026-05-19T01:45:01.086888+00:00