An Observational Study of Typhoon Talim over the Northern Part of the South China Sea in July 2023

Extensive surface and upper air measurements of a typhoon over the northern part of the South China Sea, namely, Typhoon Talim in July 2023, are documented and analyzed in this paper. A number of features have been observed from the upper air measurements. First, the log law and the power law are found to be appropriate in fitting the wind profiles of the typhoon in the first 1000 m or so above the sea surface. A low level jet is observed in the lower troposphere from the observations of the radar wind profilers. The paper is also novel from the perspectives that the vertical wind profile from a Doppler LIDAR on an offshore platform over the northern part of the South China sea, and that ocean radar data are used to analyze the surface wind observations of a typhoon in the region. The results of this paper would be useful in understanding the structure of tropical cyclones, e.g. in wind engineering applications.