Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on seed vigor and genetic mutational spectrum in Brassica juncea var. multiceps

Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on seed vigor and genetic mutational spectrum in Brassica juncea var. multiceps | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on seed vigor and genetic mutational spectrum in Brassica juncea var. multiceps Yuxing Huang, Yongguo Zhao, Xiaoyang Ou, Guangyuan Lu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7838093/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background​ ​ Shuidong mustard ( Brassica juncea var. multiceps), a geographically indicative crop, faces production threats from downy mildew. Radiation mutagenesis offers a potent tool for breeding resistant varieties. However, the precise dose-effects of gamma radiation on its seed vigor and genomic stability remain unclear, hindering breeding optimization. ​ Results We exposed Shuidong mustard seeds to a gradient of 60 Co-γ radiation (0–4000 Gy). Low-doses (200–500 Gy) exerted a hormetic effect, enhancing germination potential (85.3% at 200 Gy), root length (3.46 cm, + 19.3%), and stress resistance. Genomic analysis revealed this range induced controllable genetic variations, predominantly C→T transitions (42.5%). In stark contrast, high doses (≥ 1000 Gy) severely inhibited seed vitality, reducing germination to 75.3% and fresh weight by 51.5% at 4000 Gy. Genomic stability was catastrophically compromised, evidenced by decreased Q30 (93.8%), aberrant GC content, and prevalent large-fragment Indels (deletions ≥ 10 bp accounting for 18.7%). High-dose mutagenesis was characterized by a shift towards G→T transversions (28.4% at 2000 Gy). ​ Conclusion​ ​ Our study deciphers the dose-dependent phenotypic and genomic landscapes of γ-radiated Shuidong mustard. We establish 200–500 Gy as the optimal mutagenic window, providing a scientific foundation for precision breeding to improve yield and stress resistance. The identified mutational signatures offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of radiation-induced DNA damage in plants. Shuidong mustard Radiation mutagenesis Seed vigor Genetic effects Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 28 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 24 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 23 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7838093","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":542970885,"identity":"47bc9a0f-849c-4c3c-bb3a-8242932f2fdb","order_by":0,"name":"Yuxing Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuxing","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":542970886,"identity":"2ababd4f-a8f7-4b63-89b0-4e41e2f95370","order_by":1,"name":"Yongguo Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongguo","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":542970887,"identity":"e0c88bce-3151-490b-af15-3d0b53d2075e","order_by":2,"name":"Xiaoyang Ou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAxCK+QADD4RlQKwWtgSQFgmitEABjwFxWvglcgwP/Kg4LG/Ov+bzi7dtd+oY2Ju3STDU3MGpRXJGWsLBnjOHDXfOeLvNcm7bMwkGnmNlEgzHnuHUYnAj+cAB3rbDjBtunN1mDGRIMEjkmEkwNhzGoyWx4eDftsP2G26ceQbRIv+GkJbkA4eBKhM3nO9hfgyxhQe/FsmeZwmHZc6kJ2+4wWbGOOfcM8k2nrRii4RjuLXws+cYf3xTYW274fzhxx/elN3h52c/vPHGhxrcWqCgGRghCWwSoGhlA/ETCGlgYKgD2neA+QM8JYyCUTAKRsEoQAIAum5e+yJBDYIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Ou","suffix":""},{"id":542970888,"identity":"4e05d4d4-c291-4567-ae0b-e36a96444ca5","order_by":3,"name":"Guangyuan Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Agricultural Production and Intelligent Equipment","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guangyuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-12 03:23:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7838093/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7838093/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95909647,"identity":"ee2dcd10-5cff-44a4-88a3-8d61385a4914","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":581395,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/36c50b02cb0f76dfadf779c6.docx"},{"id":95909651,"identity":"acf8213f-020f-4a46-a1cf-c2ae4a26459b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"95f13aa97d4d475db8a789a6614bb24e.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/3690419958c7ea1a92dd3bfb.json"},{"id":95909645,"identity":"58c1cb8c-c428-4d78-9379-7ca3377449b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":95076,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"95f13aa97d4d475db8a789a6614bb24e1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/de1253b04640f9662be331d3.xml"},{"id":95909653,"identity":"a1219aec-3f2f-43a4-80ee-7ca0a31ae4ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":68792,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/dedde79c311e89fe12b93595.jpeg"},{"id":95909609,"identity":"b48c0c33-d728-4a05-b35f-a315648fccfb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:43","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":302851,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/af365110203da787434e84dd.jpeg"},{"id":95909628,"identity":"e9e9276b-b8b9-4397-af37-68ce1f1ee9d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:43","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/2e76556519b8c67f0f08d5cb.png"},{"id":95909646,"identity":"162f1e1d-803c-493a-a573-dc13ab2c8754","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":64034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/b14db2f5fbbe9fa6d92596a5.png"},{"id":95909642,"identity":"0e38e52b-bb65-40b3-aa23-eaf0c13e05d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"wmf","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":698,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image1.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/5bbfa05457485bcb0a177355.wmf"},{"id":95909640,"identity":"0b6528bf-41e7-4ca1-8603-3c5369c2c261","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"wmf","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image2.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/31a531563bf5e3f80ccbffef.wmf"},{"id":95909620,"identity":"7ab7279c-ebba-4d39-9b4c-66744a165109","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:43","extension":"wmf","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":832,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image3.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/9af31654072e8d101aa04ac0.wmf"},{"id":95909672,"identity":"dd7e2353-ae70-4152-abab-7662893c3bed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:47","extension":"wmf","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":698,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image4.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/fbcd333467de532168a0dc85.wmf"},{"id":95909616,"identity":"120488b2-2bd9-4abc-98f7-530693fe5019","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:43","extension":"wmf","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image5.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/d051403c1993476b848dcd96.wmf"},{"id":95909635,"identity":"13c79b9c-5d09-4484-a53f-44253c8753d6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":31600,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/6c7dcea13a85ed4a822ac872.png"},{"id":95909650,"identity":"8be311d6-946c-4780-8d9c-cc43e9d17efd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":206511,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/cf58d3fb2756262cc6234ae2.png"},{"id":95909639,"identity":"b8b320ed-237c-456d-a42f-035a43b26591","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12860,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/031d17d561c95992e4cc1b3d.png"},{"id":95909644,"identity":"8156fd81-87ec-4c89-87e3-dacc01bfb004","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":16789,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/42cb60597e07c1e6dffa982e.png"},{"id":95909638,"identity":"fb099fd2-efca-4f22-9264-c146d6d0c498","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/ada27213c427e7eebb8b6dc6.png"},{"id":95909631,"identity":"83737a95-40cc-4dd1-a28c-6a625d770d00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:43","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1436,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/7fb3329751e10c771450930c.png"},{"id":95909633,"identity":"605f31ed-93fc-4ee4-a7c1-6de81440093f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1597,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/6b9a61ff2cd4a1a46f4dd40f.png"},{"id":95909641,"identity":"5b99001d-862b-4e61-8af8-b451e80a09bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:44","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2510,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/54a2404166fa5df3bb6d99c4.png"},{"id":95909649,"identity":"971f85c8-7a49-4fff-a01d-16cf9be548b9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1993,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/614c25bb66c64c3754b25775.png"},{"id":96244520,"identity":"689570d7-8b49-49bb-bf7d-7f93628de468","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:18:44","extension":"xml","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":94165,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"95f13aa97d4d475db8a789a6614bb24e1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/97e4ab135d60534aeceb6038.xml"},{"id":95909648,"identity":"eebcc337-547f-4cc2-926b-4374454b1b14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-14 10:08:45","extension":"html","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":97270,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1/ff29c2db77ca34a6eb64edcf.html"},{"id":96255418,"identity":"8405d612-669d-41c6-bdbf-c70235eac442","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:48:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":715957,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7838093/v1_covered_db942b6f-3b4d-40d7-b1ae-9df6516fec18.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on seed vigor and genetic mutational spectrum in Brassica juncea var. multiceps","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-genomics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"gics","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Genomics](http://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/gics","title":"BMC Genomics","twitterHandle":"#BMCGenomics","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Shuidong mustard, Radiation mutagenesis, Seed vigor, Genetic effects","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7838093/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7838093/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBackground​\u003c/b\u003e​ Shuidong mustard (\u003cem\u003eBrassica juncea\u003c/em\u003e var. multiceps), a geographically indicative crop, faces production threats from downy mildew. Radiation mutagenesis offers a potent tool for breeding resistant varieties. However, the precise dose-effects of gamma radiation on its seed vigor and genomic stability remain unclear, hindering breeding optimization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e​\u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e We exposed Shuidong mustard seeds to a gradient of \u003csup\u003e60\u003c/sup\u003eCo-γ radiation (0\u0026ndash;4000 Gy). Low-doses (200\u0026ndash;500 Gy) exerted a hormetic effect, enhancing germination potential (85.3% at 200 Gy), root length (3.46 cm, +\u0026thinsp;19.3%), and stress resistance. Genomic analysis revealed this range induced controllable genetic variations, predominantly C\u0026rarr;T transitions (42.5%). In stark contrast, high doses (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1000 Gy) severely inhibited seed vitality, reducing germination to 75.3% and fresh weight by 51.5% at 4000 Gy. Genomic stability was catastrophically compromised, evidenced by decreased Q30 (93.8%), aberrant GC content, and prevalent large-fragment Indels (deletions\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;10 bp accounting for 18.7%). High-dose mutagenesis was characterized by a shift towards G\u0026rarr;T transversions (28.4% at 2000 Gy).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e​\u003cb\u003eConclusion​\u003c/b\u003e​ Our study deciphers the dose-dependent phenotypic and genomic landscapes of γ-radiated Shuidong mustard. We establish 200\u0026ndash;500 Gy as the optimal mutagenic window, providing a scientific foundation for precision breeding to improve yield and stress resistance. The identified mutational signatures offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of radiation-induced DNA damage in plants.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on seed vigor and genetic mutational spectrum in Brassica juncea var. multiceps","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-14 10:08:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7838093/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-08T16:07:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-30T12:39:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"97084825525958342825079261776092078713","date":"2025-11-20T08:01:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-15T11:50:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"181666458542978145189705985441242312993","date":"2025-11-11T00:01:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"252718541057410597545371520976739340428","date":"2025-11-07T00:36:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T00:16:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-28T11:56:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-24T11:45:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-23T08:33:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Genomics","date":"2025-10-23T08:29:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-genomics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"gics","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Genomics](http://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/gics","title":"BMC Genomics","twitterHandle":"#BMCGenomics","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"95585278-12b4-43cf-b2a5-c0c85955c0ea","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 14th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-26T10:13:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-14 10:08:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7838093","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7838093","identity":"rs-7838093","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}