Diagnosis and management of hemoptysis

Anna Rita Larici, Larici AR, Franchi P, Paola Franchi, Mariaelena Occhipinti, Occhipinti M, Andrea Contegiacomo, Annemilia del Ciello, del Ciello A, Calandriello L, Lucio Calandriello, Storto ML, Maria Luigia Storto, Marano R, Riccardo Marano, Lorenzo Bonomo, Bonomo L
Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2014 · vol. 20(4) , pp. 299–309 · doi:10.5152/dir.2014.13426 · PMID:24808437 · PMC4463269
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⚙ AI-generated summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-06 ⓘ

This review analyzes causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms of hemoptysis, evaluates diagnostic imaging modalities with emphasis on MDCT angiography, and summarizes treatment options including bronchial artery embolization.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-25 · read from full text ⓘ

This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the diagnosis and management of hemoptysis, defined as expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract. The authors analyze the pathophysiologic mechanisms and evaluate imaging modalities such as multidetector computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography to identify bleeding sources. Treatment strategies are summarized with a focus on bronchial artery embolization for recurrent or massive cases, offering a clinical guide based on recent medical evidence. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood that originates from the lower respiratory tract. It is usually a self-limiting event but in fewer than 5% of cases it may be massive, representing a life-threatening condition that warrants urgent investigations and treatment. This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on hemoptysis, analyzing its causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms, and providing details about anatomy and imaging of systemic bronchial and nonbronchial arteries responsible for hemoptysis. Strengths and limits of chest radiography, bronchoscopy, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), MDCT angiography and digital subtraction angiography to assess the cause and lead the treatment of hemoptysis were reported, with particular emphasis on MDCT angiography. Treatment options for recurrent or massive hemoptysis were summarized, highlighting the predominant role of bronchial artery embolization. Finally, a guide was proposed for managing massive and nonmassive hemoptysis, according to the most recent medical literature.
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ABSTRACT Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood that originates from the lower respiratory tract. It is usually a self-limiting event but in fewer than 5% of cases it may be massive, representing a life-threatening condition that warrants urgent investigations and treatment. This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on hemoptysis, analyzing its causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms, and providing details about anatomy and imaging of systemic bronchial and nonbronchial arteries responsible for hemoptysis. Strengths and limits of chest radiography, bronchoscopy, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), MDCT angiography and digital subtraction angiography to assess the cause and lead the treatment of hemoptysis were reported, with particular emphasis on MDCT angiography. Treatment options for recurrent or massive hemoptysis were summarized, highlighting the predominant role of bronchial artery embolization. Finally, a guide was proposed for managing massive and nonmassive hemoptysis, according to the most recent medical literature.

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MeSH descriptors

Embolization, Therapeutic Hemoptysis Hemoptysis Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography, Digital Subtraction Bronchial Arteries Bronchial Arteries Hemoptysis Humans

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