Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Sulfate source of Groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Sulfate source of Groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Sulfate source of Groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin Xinwei Hou, Xiangquan Li, Zhenxing Wang, Chunchao Zhang, Chunlei Gui, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4007428/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Sangu Spring Basin is located in an important economic area，and groundwater is the main source of water for local life and industry. Understanding the sources of chemical components in groundwater is important for the development and utilization of groundwater. In this paper, we analyzed the origin of the chemical components of groundwater and their evolution in the Sangu Spring Basin using statistical analysis, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and combined hydrochemistry-isotope analyses. The results show that groundwater is the origin of atmospheric precipitation, the groundwater in stagnant and confined environment zones is formed under colder climatic conditions, and the surface water (SW) has a close hydraulic relation with the groundwater. Water-rock interaction is the main factor controlling the composition of groundwater. The compositions of groundwater are mainly derived from carbonate weathering, silicate weathering and dissolution of gypsum. Na+ and K+ in groundwater mainly come from the dissolution of albite and potassium feldspar, rather than rock salt. Ion exchange occurs in KGW and FGW, and the ion exchange is dominated by the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the groundwater by Na+ and K+ in the rock or soil. De-dolomitization of KGW in deeply buried and stagnant flow zones occurred, causing elevated Mg2+ and SO42- concentrations. Nitrates and chlorides in groundwater are affected by a combination of agricultural activities, industrial activities, and weathering of rocks. Sulfate in groundwater is derived from dissolution of gypsum, infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and leakage of SW. Groundwaters with the highest sulfate content are located in the vicinity of SW, as a result of receiving recharge from SW seepage. Groundwaters with higher sulfate contents are located in the stagnant and deeply buried zones, where sulfate is mainly derived from the dissolution of gypsum. SW seepage recharges groundwater, resulting in the increased levels of Cl-, NO3- and SO42- in groundwater. These insights can provide assistance in groundwater protection and effective management. hydrochemical characteristics water-rock interaction δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O isotopes δ34S-SO42-and δ18O-SO42- isotopes Sangu Spring Basin Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4007428","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":278814697,"identity":"ff9f7931-8139-41a0-8293-c028d8adc017","order_by":0,"name":"Xinwei Hou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Hou","suffix":""},{"id":278814698,"identity":"5833bab4-81c6-47e3-b50c-4c6e50c48180","order_by":1,"name":"Xiangquan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Geological 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and δ18O-H2O isotopes, δ34S-SO42-and δ18O-SO42- isotopes, Sangu Spring Basin","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4007428/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4007428/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Sangu Spring Basin is located in an important economic area，and groundwater is the main source of water for local life and industry. Understanding the sources of chemical components in groundwater is important for the development and utilization of groundwater. In this paper, we analyzed the origin of the chemical components of groundwater and their evolution in the Sangu Spring Basin using statistical analysis, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and combined hydrochemistry-isotope analyses. The results show that groundwater is the origin of atmospheric precipitation, the groundwater in stagnant and confined environment zones is formed under colder climatic conditions, and the surface water (SW) has a close hydraulic relation with the groundwater. Water-rock interaction is the main factor controlling the composition of groundwater. The compositions of groundwater are mainly derived from carbonate weathering, silicate weathering and dissolution of gypsum. Na+ and K+ in groundwater mainly come from the dissolution of albite and potassium feldspar, rather than rock salt. Ion exchange occurs in KGW and FGW, and the ion exchange is dominated by the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the groundwater by Na+ and K+ in the rock or soil. De-dolomitization of KGW in deeply buried and stagnant flow zones occurred, causing elevated Mg2+ and SO42- concentrations. Nitrates and chlorides in groundwater are affected by a combination of agricultural activities, industrial activities, and weathering of rocks. Sulfate in groundwater is derived from dissolution of gypsum, infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and leakage of SW. Groundwaters with the highest sulfate content are located in the vicinity of SW, as a result of receiving recharge from SW seepage. Groundwaters with higher sulfate contents are located in the stagnant and deeply buried zones, where sulfate is mainly derived from the dissolution of gypsum. SW seepage recharges groundwater, resulting in the increased levels of Cl-, NO3- and SO42- in groundwater. 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