Prevalence, Etiological Patterns and Factors Associated with Bacteraemia among Febrile Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uganda

Prevalence, Etiological Patterns and Factors Associated with Bacteraemia among Febrile Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uganda | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prevalence, Etiological Patterns and Factors Associated with Bacteraemia among Febrile Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uganda Abdifatah Muhuyadin Haji Ali, Martin Nduwiman, Ndeezi Grace, Awil Abdulkadir Abdi, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4997354/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Children with sickle cell anemia have an increased risk for bacterial infections. Studies done in other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa have established the prevalence and etiology of bacteremia among children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), but there are no such studies in Uganda. This study aimed to determine the etiological patterns and factors associated with bacteremia among febrile children with SCA attending Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH). Methods This study employed an observational and analytical cross-sectional design. Febrile children with SCA at JRRH were enrolled. Information regarding their sociodemographic, medical and laboratory characteristics was obtained by asking the care taker or reviewing the medical records. At times, measurements were taken for the information not available in the records. Blood culture was done to assess for bacteremia. Binary logistic regression was done to determine the factors associated with bacteremia using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive statistics reporting frequency and percentage were used to report the prevalence and etiology. A p value < 0.05 was considered for significance. Results This study enrolled 209 children, majority of whom were males 114(54.5%). Most of the patients were young children under five years of age 116(55.5%). Of the 209 children enrolled, 44 had bacterial growth in their blood, translating into a prevalence of 21.1%. Of the 44 patients that had bacteremia, the commonest isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 25(56.8%), followed by Escherichia coli 8(18.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 3(6.8%) and Haemophilus influenzae 3(6.8%). Cloxacillin had good sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus . All organisms were completely resistant to Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Penicillin and Ofloxacin. In the multivariate analysis, low maternal education level was statistically significant (aOR = 1.098, CI = 1.007–1.197, P = 0.037). Conclusion The prevalence of bacteremia was high. The commonest isolate was Staphylococcus aureus . Blood culture should be considered for all febrile patients with SCA especially those whose parents have low education. Other antibiotics should be considered in the management of these children with the exception of ampicillin and gentamicin, which carry high resistance rates. Sickle Cell Anemia Bacteremia Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4997354","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":350355563,"identity":"6d1854eb-18d1-4bb3-8fa4-b634371ed7ec","order_by":0,"name":"Abdifatah Muhuyadin Haji Ali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kampala International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdifatah","middleName":"Muhuyadin Haji","lastName":"Ali","suffix":""},{"id":350355570,"identity":"eb331659-5c18-4610-84ca-a0f407b8fce7","order_by":1,"name":"Martin Nduwiman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kampala International 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among Febrile Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uganda","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Sickle Cell Anemia, Bacteremia","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4997354/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4997354/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildren with sickle cell anemia have an increased risk for bacterial infections. Studies done in other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa have established the prevalence and etiology of bacteremia among children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), but there are no such studies in Uganda. This study aimed to determine the etiological patterns and factors associated with bacteremia among febrile children with SCA attending Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study employed an observational and analytical cross-sectional design. Febrile children with SCA at JRRH were enrolled. Information regarding their sociodemographic, medical and laboratory characteristics was obtained by asking the care taker or reviewing the medical records. At times, measurements were taken for the information not available in the records. Blood culture was done to assess for bacteremia. Binary logistic regression was done to determine the factors associated with bacteremia using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive statistics reporting frequency and percentage were used to report the prevalence and etiology. A p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered for significance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study enrolled 209 children, majority of whom were males 114(54.5%). Most of the patients were young children under five years of age 116(55.5%). Of the 209 children enrolled, 44 had bacterial growth in their blood, translating into a prevalence of 21.1%. Of the 44 patients that had bacteremia, the commonest isolate was \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e 25(56.8%), followed by \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e 8(18.2%), \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e 3(6.8%) and \u003cem\u003eHaemophilus influenzae\u003c/em\u003e 3(6.8%). Cloxacillin had good sensitivity against \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e. All organisms were completely resistant to Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Penicillin and Ofloxacin. In the multivariate analysis, low maternal education level was statistically significant (aOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.098, CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.007\u0026ndash;1.197, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.037).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of bacteremia was high. The commonest isolate was \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e. Blood culture should be considered for all febrile patients with SCA especially those whose parents have low education. Other antibiotics should be considered in the management of these children with the exception of ampicillin and gentamicin, which carry high resistance rates.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prevalence, Etiological Patterns and Factors Associated with Bacteraemia among Febrile Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uganda","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-08 15:27:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4997354/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b9797f3a-664b-49c6-bdef-82554974b51a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 8th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-18T06:08:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-08 15:27:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4997354","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4997354","identity":"rs-4997354","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}