Abstract
Vicarious menstruation is an uncommon condition, and its existence has been debated, with some experts questioning its validity. A review of documented cases reveals that many reports may be unreliable. However, there are well-documented instances that are difficult to dismiss, particularly cases where vicarious bleeding occurred consistently over years and stopped during pregnancy. This condition has been observed across a wide age range, from the onset of menstruation to menopause. In some cases, the pelvic anatomy appears normal, while in others, abnormalities of the pelvis have been observed to obstruct menstrual flow; the site of bleeding varies greatly and may be the nose, lungs, stomach, rectum, eyes, ears, gums, bladder, nipples, or umbilicus; in other cases, bleeding may be restricted to certain areas, such as a leg ulcer, nevus, scar, or fistula; usually, the bleeding originates from a single site, but in rare instances, it has been seen at multiple sites reflecting the menstrual cycle.
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TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF VICARIOUS MENSTRUATION WITH NSAIDs
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Description
Vicarious menstruation is an uncommon condition, and its existence has been debated, with some experts questioning its validity. A review of documented cases reveals that many reports may be unreliable. However, there are well-documented instances that are difficult to dismiss, particularly cases where vicarious bleeding occurred consistently over years and stopped during pregnancy. This condition has been observed across a wide age range, from the onset of menstruation to menopause. In some cases, the pelvic anatomy appears normal, while in others, abnormalities of the pelvis have been observed to obstruct menstrual flow; the site of bleeding varies greatly and may be the nose, lungs, stomach, rectum, eyes, ears, gums, bladder, nipples, or umbilicus; in other cases, bleeding may be restricted to certain areas, such as a leg ulcer, nevus, scar, or fistula; usually, the bleeding originates from a single site, but in rare instances, it has been seen at multiple sites reflecting the menstrual cycle.
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