The first draft genome sequence of Penicillium adametzioides F1417, isolated from freshwater plant litter in South Korea

The first draft genome sequence of Penicillium adametzioides F1417, isolated from freshwater plant litter in South Korea | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Data Note The first draft genome sequence of Penicillium adametzioides F1417, isolated from freshwater plant litter in South Korea Yoeguang Hue, Yebin Nam, Jaeduk Goh, Ki-Tae Kim This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406977/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Genomic Data → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives: Penicillium adametzioides is a phylogenetically distinct and ecologically adaptable species within the genus Penicillium , known for its dual roles as a postharvest pathogen and a potential biocontrol agent. It produces various secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties and has been isolated from diverse habitats, including decaying fruits, insects, and aquatic environments. However, its genomic features remain unexplored, limiting insights into its evolutionary relationships, metabolic potential, and ecological functions. To address this gap, we sequenced and annotated the genome of P. adametzioides isolated from freshwater plant litter in Korea to support comparative genomics and functional studies. Data Description: We assembled the genome of P. adametzioides FBCC-F1417 into 12 contigs totaling 40.47 Mb, with an N50 of 5.16 Mb and GC content of 45.52%. BUSCO analysis showed 99.2% completeness, indicating a high-quality assembly. Gene prediction identified 13,643 protein-coding genes, of which 5,959 proteins (40.7%) were functionally annotated. Repeat analysis showed that 6.62% genome consisted of repetitive elements. Secondary metabolite analysis predicted 86 biosynthetic gene clusters, including NRPS, PKS, terpene, and hybrid types. This annotated genome provides a valuable resource for investigating the taxonomy, secondary metabolism, and ecological adaptation of Penicillium species. Biocontrol agent Fresh water fungus Genome Secondary metabolite Penicillium adametzioides Objective Penicillium adametzioides , first described by S. Abe in 1956, is a phylogenetically distinct species within the genus Penicillium , placed in section Sclerotiora [ 1 , 2 ]. It has been separated from related taxa such as P. sclerotiorum and P. multicolor through multigene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, cox1, benA, tef1‑α, and cmd) [ 3 ]. Originally isolated from soil in Japan, P. adametzioides has since been recovered from a wide range of environments, including decayed fruits, insects, and marine ecosystems, highlighting its adaptability and ecological significance [ 4 – 6 ]. Ecologically, it plays a dual role. While it is known to cause fruit rot in grapes and pomegranates [ 7 , 8 ], it has also demonstrated potential as a biological control agent. Notably, P. adametzioides has been shown to inhibit Aspergillus carbonarius , a producer of ochratoxin A, a harmful mycotoxin, making it a promising candidate for pre-harvest treatments in viticulture [ 9 ]. From a biotechnological standpoint, this species is also notable for producing a variety of secondary metabolites, including spiroquinazoline alkaloids, bisthiodiketopiperazines, and acorane sesquiterpenes [ 5 , 10 ]. These compounds have exhibited antimicrobial activity against aqua-pathogenic Vibrio species, supporting its potential for applications in aquaculture and natural product discovery. Although its genome has not yet been publicly released, sequencing P. adametzioides would significantly contribute to comparative studies within the genus Penicillium , enrich the known pangenome, and offer insights into its biosynthetic capabilities. Its dual role as both a pathogen and biocontrol agent, along with its production of bioactive metabolites, underscores its complex ecological interactions and substantial value in applied research. Data description P. adametzioides was isolated from plant litter collected in the Youngsangang River in South Korea (35°8′23.63″N, 126°49′42.63″E) and deposited under accession number FBCC-F1417 in the Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC) at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources. For mycological characterization, the isolate was cultured on creatine sucrose agar (CREA), czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), and malt extract agar (MEA) at 25°C for 7 days, following the protocol by Visagie et al. (2014) [ 11 ]. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia grown in potato dextrose broth using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), yielding 14.952 µg of DNA. DNA quality and quantity were confirmed by PicoGreen dsDNA assay and gel electrophoresis. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted by Macrogen (Seoul, Korea) using the PacBio Sequel and Illumina HiseqX-ten platforms. A total of 14.79 Gb of long-read data (Data File 1) [ 12 , 13 ], corresponding to approximately 366 x genome coverage, and 5.00 Gb of short-read data were generated (Data File 2) [ 14 ]. De novo genome assembly was performed using the HGAP v4.0 with default parameters and Illumina reads were used for error correction via Pilon v1.21 [ 15 , 16 ]. The final assembly contains 12 contigs totaling 40,469,361 bp, with a GC content of 45.52% (Data File 3) [ 17 , 18 ]. The longest and shortest contigs were 9,376.3 kb and 98.6 kb, respectively, with an N50 of 5,159.7 kb, and the L50 of 3. This assembly falls within the known size range for Penicillium genomes (25.4–46.5 Mbp) [ 19 ]. Genome completeness assessed with BUSCO v5.8.2 using the fungi_odb12 dataset (n = 1,122) revealed 1,113 complete orthologs, including 1,104 single-copy and 9 duplicates, indicating a completeness of 99.2% (Data File 4) [ 18 , 20 ]. Gene prediction using MAKER v3.01.03 resulted 13,643 predicted genes (Data File 5), with 14,725 CDS/proteins (Data File 6) [ 18 , 21 ]. Functional annotation using BLASTP against Swiss-Prot v201806, InterPro v69.0, and eggNOG v4.5.1 revealed 5,959 proteins (40.7%) with known functions based on eggNOG prediction (Data File 7). Repeat analysis via RepeatModeler v2.0.5 and RepeatMasker v4.1.6 identified 2,679,187 bp of repetitive content (6.62% of the genome), composed mainly 5.72% of interspersed repeats, 0.74% of simple repeats, and 0.16% of low complexity repeats (Data File 8) [ 18 , 22 , 23 ]. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were identified using antiSMASH v8.0.2 [ 24 ]. A total of 86 BGCs were predicted, including 19 type I polyketide synthase clusters, 19 terpene synthetase clusters, 7 non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and 13 NRPS-like clusters, and 28 hybrid/other metabolite clusters (Data File 9) [ 18 ]. Notably, several BGCs showed high similarity to known biosynthetic pathways of bioactive natural products, including the clavaric acid and NRPS-derived microperfuranone. The diversity and abundance of secondary metabolite BGCs highlight the potential of P. adametzioides as a valuable resource for novel natural product discovery and industrial biotechnology applications. Table 1 Overview of data files/data sets. Label Name of data file/data set File types (file extension) Data repository and identifier (DOI or accession number) Data file 1 PacBio WGS raw data of P. adametzioides (FBCC-F1417) Fastq files (.fastq) Sequence Read Archive (SRX24773772 and SRX24773773) [ 12 , 13 ] Data file 2 Illumina WGS raw data of P. adametzioides (FBCC-F1417) Fastq files (.fastq) Sequence Read Archive (SRX30071030) [ 14 ] Data file 3 P. adametzioides draft genome data Fasta file (.fasta.) GenBank (JBEBMI000000000.1) [ 17 ] Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Data file 4 BUSCO results for P. adametzioides genome Portable Document Format file (.pdf) Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Data file 5 P. adametzioides gene structural annotation data Gene Feature Format file (.gff) Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Data file 6 P. adametzioides protein sequences data Fasta file (.fasta) Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Data file 7 P. adametzioides protein functional annotation data MS Excel file (.xlsx) Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Data file 8 P. adametzioides repeat analysis results Zip compressed file (.zip) Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Data file 9 Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster prediction result for P. adametzioides MS Excel file (.xlsx) Figshare ( 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 ) [ 18 ] Limitations The genome assembly, while showing high completeness (99.2% BUSCO score), consists of 12 contigs and is unlikely to represent chromosome-level resolution. Gene prediction was performed without transcriptome evidence, which may affect the accuracy of the predicted gene models. Functional annotations were generated mainly through automated bioinformatics pipelines and publicly available databases (Swiss-Prot, InterPro, eggNOG) without experimental validation of predicted gene functions. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were identified using in silico prediction tools antiSMASH, and their metabolite production has not yet been confirmed through chemical or biological assays. Abbreviations ITS: Internal Transcribed Spacer cox1: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I benA: β-tubulin tef1‑α: Translation elongation factor 1-alpha cmd: Calmodulin FBCC: Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection CREA: Creatine sucrose agar CYA: Czapek yeast extract agar MEA: Malt extract agar HGAP: Hierarchical Genome Assembly Process BUSCO: Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs BGCs: Biosynthetic gene clusters NRPS: Non-ribosomal peptide synthase Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. This study is not a clinical trial. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The data described in this Data note can be freely and openly accessed on NCBI Sequence Read Archive under accession numbers SRX24773772, SRX24773773, and SRX30071030, and in GenBank under accession number JBEBMI000000000.1 . Genome assembly, annotation, and related analysis files are deposited in Figshare at DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163. Details are provided in Table 1. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Funding This work was supported by the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute KEITI) through a project to make multi-ministerial national biological research resources more advanced, funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (2021003420003). Authors’ contributions Conceptualization: J.G., K-T.K.; Data curation: Y.H., Y.N., K-T.K.; Formal analysis: Y.H., Y.N., K-T.K.; Funding acquisition: J.G.; Investigation: Y.H., Y.N.; Methodology: Y.H., K-T.K.; Project administration: J.G., K-T.K.; Resources: J.G.; Software: Y.H., Y.N.; Supervision: K-T.K.; Validation: J.G., K-T.K.; Visualization: Y.H., Y.N.; Writing - original draft: Y.H., K-T.K.; Writing - review & editing: J.G., K-T.K. Acknowledgements Y.H. acknowledges support from a grant provided by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBRE202506). References Abe S. Studies on the classification of the Penicillia . J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1956, 2(1-2):1-194. https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.2.1 Smith G. Some new species of Penicillium , and some observations on the taxonomy of the genus. Trans Br Mycol Soc. 1963, 46(3):331-IN333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(63)80024-8 Rivera K, Seifert K. A taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Penicillium sclerotiorum complex. Stud Mycol. 2011, 70(1):139-158. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.03 Deng JX, Paul NC, Sang HK, Lee JH, Hwang YS, Yu SH. First report on isolation of Penicillium adametzioides and Purpureocillium lilacinum from decayed fruit of Cheongsoo grapes in Korea. Mycobiology 2012, 40(1):66-70. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2012.40.1.066 Liu Y, Li X-M, Meng L-H, Wang B-G. N-Formyllapatin A, a new N-formylspiroquinazoline derivative from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium adametzioides AS-53. Phytochem lett. 2014, 10:145-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.08.018 Poitevin CG, Porsani MV, Poltronieri AS, Zawadneak MAC, Pimentel IC. Fungi isolated from insects in strawberry crops act as potential biological control agents of Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Appl Entomol Zool. 2018, 53:323-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-018-0561-0 Khokhar I, Bajwa R. First report of Penicillium adametzioides from decayed grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) in Pakistan. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2016, 5(12):316-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.512.034 Quaglia M, Moretti C, Cerri M, Linoci G, Cappelletti G, Urbani S, Taticchi A. Effect of extracts of wastewater from olive milling in postharvest treatments of pomegranate fruit decay caused by Penicillium adametzioides . Postharvest Biol Technol. 2016, 118:26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.03.012 Ahmed H, Strub C, Hilaire F, Schorr-Galindo S. First report: Penicillium adametzioides , a potential biocontrol agent for ochratoxin-producing fungus in grapes, resulting from natural product pre-harvest treatment. Food Control. 2015, 51:23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.034 Liu Y, Li X-M, Meng L-H, Jiang W-L, Xu G-M, Huang C-G, Wang B-G. Bisthiodiketopiperazines and acorane sesquiterpenes produced by the marine-derived fungus Penicillium adametzioides AS-53 on different culture media. J Nat Prod. 2015, 78(6):1294-1299. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00102 Visagie C, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Hong S-B, Klaassen C, Perrone G, et al. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium . Stud Mycol. 2014, 78(1):343-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 NCBI Sequence Read Archive. https://identifiers.org/insdc.sra:SRX24773772 (2025) NCBI Sequence Read Archive. https://identifiers.org/insdc.sra:SRX24773773 (2025) NCBI Sequence Read Archive. https://identifiers.org/insdc.sra:SRX30071030 (2025) Chin C-S, Alexander DH, Marks P, Klammer AA, Drake J, Heiner C, Clum A, Copeland A, Huddleston J, Eichler EE. Nonhybrid, finished microbial genome assemblies from long-read SMRT sequencing data. Nat Methods. 2013, 10(6):563-569. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2474 Walker BJ, Abeel T, Shea T, Priest M, Abouelliel A, Sakthikumar S, et al. Pilon: an integrated tool for comprehensive microbial variant detection and genome assembly improvement. PloS One. 2014, 9(11):e112963. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112963 NCBI Nucleotide. https://identifiers.org/nucleotide:JBEBMI010000000 (2025). Kim K-T, Goh J, Hue Y, Nam Y: Genome sequence of Penicillium adametzioides F1417 isolated from fresh water plant litter in South Korea. Figshare 2025. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163 Petersen C, Sørensen T, Nielsen MR, Sondergaard TE, Sørensen JL, Fitzpatrick DA, et al. Comparative genomic study of the Penicillium genus elucidates a diverse pangenome and 15 lateral gene transfer events. IMA fungus. 2023, 14(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00108-7 Seppey M, Manni M, Zdobnov EM. BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness. In: Gene prediction: methods and protocols. Springer; 2019, 227-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9173-0_14 Cantarel BL, Korf I, Robb SM, Parra G, Ross E, Moore B, et al. MAKER: an easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes. Genome Res. 2008, 18(1):188-196. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.6743907 Flynn JM, Hubley R, Goubert C, Rosen J, Clark AG, Feschotte C, Smit AF. RepeatModeler2 for automated genomic discovery of transposable element families. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020, 117(17):9451-9457. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921046117 Chen N. Using Repeat Masker to identify repetitive elements in genomic sequences. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2004, 5(1):4.10. 11-14.10. 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471250953.bi0410s05 Blin K, Shaw S, Vader L, Szenei J, Reitz ZL, Augustijn HE, et al. antiSMASH 8.0: extended gene cluster detection capabilities and analyses of chemistry, enzymology, and regulation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025, 53(W1): W32-W38. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaf334 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Genomic Data → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 25 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 29 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7406977","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Data Note","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":513910911,"identity":"953c3df8-6043-4a31-8cd5-b01c9c81b5da","order_by":0,"name":"Yoeguang Hue","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sunchon National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yoeguang","middleName":"","lastName":"Hue","suffix":""},{"id":513910912,"identity":"a446e573-c565-47ba-ab2e-e4d0e87573e5","order_by":1,"name":"Yebin Nam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sunchon National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yebin","middleName":"","lastName":"Nam","suffix":""},{"id":513910913,"identity":"a27cba1e-69fb-4f3f-80d7-babdd062733c","order_by":2,"name":"Jaeduk Goh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxoYEBmaGCgYGNgmIgAGRWs6QooWBAaiFsQ1IE62FuT394uPCeXfy+KR7HzBXVDAYmzcQcljPm2LjmdueFbPJHDdgPHOGwUzmACEtM3LSpHm3HU5sk0hjYGxsY7CRIOQwiJY5MC3/iNKSfkyatwGmpYHBjLCWnjfMxjzHgFpkjjEcbDgmYUxQi2F7+sPHPDWHE+fPbmN82FBjYziDoJYGHkRMHIDHDj4gz8D+gLCqUTAKRsEoGNkAAJLZOym3hcSaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jaeduk","middleName":"","lastName":"Goh","suffix":""},{"id":513910914,"identity":"bd393338-2b82-46ad-9d92-fc1b1f037421","order_by":3,"name":"Ki-Tae Kim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sunchon National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ki-Tae","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-19 09:38:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406977/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406977/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-025-01382-7","type":"published","date":"2025-12-08T15:57:13+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":98243781,"identity":"c65462ae-a630-46c6-9c56-0007f29054b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-15 16:10:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":454084,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406977/v1/2e4cfb68-dea9-4886-bcd5-edc81a60900d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The first draft genome sequence of Penicillium adametzioides F1417, isolated from freshwater plant litter in South Korea","fulltext":[{"header":"Objective","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePenicillium adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e, first described by S. Abe in 1956, is a phylogenetically distinct species within the genus \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e, placed in section Sclerotiora [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. It has been separated from related taxa such as \u003cem\u003eP. sclerotiorum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eP. multicolor\u003c/em\u003e through multigene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, cox1, benA, tef1‑α, and cmd) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Originally isolated from soil in Japan, \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e has since been recovered from a wide range of environments, including decayed fruits, insects, and marine ecosystems, highlighting its adaptability and ecological significance [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEcologically, it plays a dual role. While it is known to cause fruit rot in grapes and pomegranates [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], it has also demonstrated potential as a biological control agent. Notably, \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e has been shown to inhibit \u003cem\u003eAspergillus carbonarius\u003c/em\u003e, a producer of ochratoxin A, a harmful mycotoxin, making it a promising candidate for pre-harvest treatments in viticulture [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom a biotechnological standpoint, this species is also notable for producing a variety of secondary metabolites, including spiroquinazoline alkaloids, bisthiodiketopiperazines, and acorane sesquiterpenes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. These compounds have exhibited antimicrobial activity against aqua-pathogenic \u003cem\u003eVibrio\u003c/em\u003e species, supporting its potential for applications in aquaculture and natural product discovery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough its genome has not yet been publicly released, sequencing \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e would significantly contribute to comparative studies within the genus \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e, enrich the known pangenome, and offer insights into its biosynthetic capabilities. Its dual role as both a pathogen and biocontrol agent, along with its production of bioactive metabolites, underscores its complex ecological interactions and substantial value in applied research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Data description","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e was isolated from plant litter collected in the Youngsangang River in South Korea (35°8′23.63″N, 126°49′42.63″E) and deposited under accession number FBCC-F1417 in the Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC) at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources. For mycological characterization, the isolate was cultured on creatine sucrose agar (CREA), czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), and malt extract agar (MEA) at 25°C for 7 days, following the protocol by Visagie et al. (2014) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenomic DNA was extracted from mycelia grown in potato dextrose broth using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), yielding 14.952 µg of DNA. DNA quality and quantity were confirmed by PicoGreen dsDNA assay and gel electrophoresis. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted by Macrogen (Seoul, Korea) using the PacBio Sequel and Illumina HiseqX-ten platforms. A total of 14.79 Gb of long-read data (Data File 1) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], corresponding to approximately 366 x genome coverage, and 5.00 Gb of short-read data were generated (Data File 2) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDe novo\u003c/em\u003e genome assembly was performed using the HGAP v4.0 with default parameters and Illumina reads were used for error correction via Pilon v1.21 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. The final assembly contains 12 contigs totaling 40,469,361 bp, with a GC content of 45.52% (Data File 3) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. The longest and shortest contigs were 9,376.3 kb and 98.6 kb, respectively, with an N50 of 5,159.7 kb, and the L50 of 3. This assembly falls within the known size range for \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e genomes (25.4–46.5 Mbp) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Genome completeness assessed with BUSCO v5.8.2 using the fungi_odb12 dataset (n = 1,122) revealed 1,113 complete orthologs, including 1,104 single-copy and 9 duplicates, indicating a completeness of 99.2% (Data File 4) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGene prediction using MAKER v3.01.03 resulted 13,643 predicted genes (Data File 5), with 14,725 CDS/proteins (Data File 6) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Functional annotation using BLASTP against Swiss-Prot v201806, InterPro v69.0, and eggNOG v4.5.1 revealed 5,959 proteins (40.7%) with known functions based on eggNOG prediction (Data File 7). Repeat analysis via RepeatModeler v2.0.5 and RepeatMasker v4.1.6 identified 2,679,187 bp of repetitive content (6.62% of the genome), composed mainly 5.72% of interspersed repeats, 0.74% of simple repeats, and 0.16% of low complexity repeats (Data File 8) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were identified using antiSMASH v8.0.2 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. A total of 86 BGCs were predicted, including 19 type I polyketide synthase clusters, 19 terpene synthetase clusters, 7 non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and 13 NRPS-like clusters, and 28 hybrid/other metabolite clusters (Data File 9) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Notably, several BGCs showed high similarity to known biosynthetic pathways of bioactive natural products, including the clavaric acid and NRPS-derived microperfuranone. The diversity and abundance of secondary metabolite BGCs highlight the potential of \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e as a valuable resource for novel natural product discovery and industrial biotechnology applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverview of data files/data sets.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLabel\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eName of data file/data set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFile types (file extension)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData repository and identifier (DOI or accession number)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePacBio WGS raw data of \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e (FBCC-F1417)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFastq files (.fastq)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSequence Read Archive (SRX24773772 and SRX24773773) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIllumina WGS raw data of \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e (FBCC-F1417)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFastq files (.fastq)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSequence Read Archive (SRX30071030) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e draft genome data\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFasta file (.fasta.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenBank (JBEBMI000000000.1) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBUSCO results for \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e genome\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePortable Document Format file (.pdf)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e gene structural annotation data\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGene Feature Format file (.gff)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e protein sequences data\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFasta file (.fasta)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e protein functional annotation data\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMS Excel file (.xlsx)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e repeat analysis results\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZip compressed file (.zip)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData file 9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster prediction result for \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMS Excel file (.xlsx)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigshare (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Limitations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe genome assembly, while showing high completeness (99.2% BUSCO score), consists of 12 contigs and is unlikely to represent chromosome-level resolution. Gene prediction was performed without transcriptome evidence, which may affect the accuracy of the predicted gene models. Functional annotations were generated mainly through automated bioinformatics pipelines and publicly available databases (Swiss-Prot, InterPro, eggNOG) without experimental validation of predicted gene functions. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were identified using \u003cem\u003ein silico\u003c/em\u003e prediction tools antiSMASH, and their metabolite production has not yet been confirmed through chemical or biological assays.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eITS: Internal Transcribed Spacer\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ecox1: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ebenA: \u0026beta;-tubulin\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003etef1‑\u0026alpha;: Translation elongation factor 1-alpha\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ecmd: Calmodulin\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFBCC: Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCREA: Creatine sucrose agar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCYA: Czapek yeast extract agar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMEA: Malt extract agar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHGAP: Hierarchical Genome Assembly Process\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBUSCO: Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBGCs: Biosynthetic gene clusters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNRPS: Non-ribosomal peptide synthase\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable. This study is not a clinical trial.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data described in this Data note can be freely and openly accessed on NCBI Sequence Read Archive under accession numbers SRX24773772, SRX24773773, and SRX30071030, and in\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eGenBank under accession number JBEBMI000000000.1\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eGenome assembly, annotation, and related analysis files are deposited in Figshare at DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.29827163. Details are provided in Table 1.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by the Korea Environment Industry \u0026amp; Technology Institute KEITI) through a project to make multi-ministerial national biological research resources more advanced, funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (2021003420003).\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: J.G., K-T.K.; Data curation: Y.H., Y.N., K-T.K.; Formal analysis: Y.H., Y.N., K-T.K.; Funding acquisition: J.G.; Investigation: Y.H., Y.N.; Methodology: Y.H., K-T.K.; Project administration: J.G., K-T.K.; Resources: J.G.; Software: Y.H., Y.N.; Supervision: K-T.K.; Validation: J.G., K-T.K.; Visualization: Y.H., Y.N.; Writing - original draft: Y.H., K-T.K.; Writing - review \u0026amp; editing: J.G., K-T.K.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY.H. acknowledges support from a grant provided by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBRE202506).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbe S. 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Nucleic Acids Res. 2025, 53(W1): W32-W38. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaf334 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-genomic-data","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"gtic","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Genomic Data](http://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/gtic/default.aspx","title":"BMC Genomic Data","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Biocontrol agent, Fresh water fungus, Genome, Secondary metabolite, Penicillium adametzioides","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406977/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406977/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjectives:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePenicillium adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e is a phylogenetically distinct and ecologically adaptable species within the genus \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e, known for its dual roles as a postharvest pathogen and a potential biocontrol agent. It produces various secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties and has been isolated from diverse habitats, including decaying fruits, insects, and aquatic environments. However, its genomic features remain unexplored, limiting insights into its evolutionary relationships, metabolic potential, and ecological functions. To address this gap, we sequenced and annotated the genome of \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e isolated from freshwater plant litter in Korea to support comparative genomics and functional studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Description:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe assembled the genome of \u003cem\u003eP. adametzioides\u003c/em\u003e FBCC-F1417 into 12 contigs totaling 40.47 Mb, with an N50 of 5.16 Mb and GC content of 45.52%. BUSCO analysis showed 99.2% completeness, indicating a high-quality assembly. Gene prediction identified 13,643 protein-coding genes, of which 5,959 proteins (40.7%) were functionally annotated. Repeat analysis showed that 6.62% genome consisted of repetitive elements. Secondary metabolite analysis predicted 86 biosynthetic gene clusters, including NRPS, PKS, terpene, and hybrid types. This annotated genome provides a valuable resource for investigating the taxonomy, secondary metabolism, and ecological adaptation of \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e species.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The first draft genome sequence of Penicillium adametzioides F1417, isolated from freshwater plant litter in South Korea","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-15 06:58:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406977/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-29T08:10:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-25T11:16:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T14:57:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"36398391589869338990497233400431490784","date":"2025-09-22T12:04:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"135152720875669765863839974409783961391","date":"2025-09-12T01:38:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-05T15:51:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-29T14:12:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-29T14:11:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Genomic Data","date":"2025-08-19T09:30:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-genomic-data","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"gtic","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Genomic Data](http://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/gtic/default.aspx","title":"BMC Genomic Data","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"02690806-2d87-46ba-8bce-a07ee0f1f3ae","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-15T16:02:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7406977","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-025-01382-7","journal":{"identity":"bmc-genomic-data","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Genomic Data"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-08 15:57:13","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 8th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-15 06:58:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12863-025-01382-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-025-01382-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7406977","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7406977","identity":"rs-7406977","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}