Panel data analysis of the effect of ambient temperature on antimicrobial resistance in China

Panel data analysis of the effect of ambient temperature on antimicrobial resistance in China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Panel data analysis of the effect of ambient temperature on antimicrobial resistance in China Ruxin Kou, Xiying Li, Haixia Wang, Yuanyang Wu, Dongdong Zou, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5777544/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been causing tremendous loss of life, health and economic property, and WHO identified carbapenem-resistant gram-negative (CRGN) as the most urgent bacteria. The impact of climate change on AMR has received worldwide attention, but the evidence is insufficient. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) from the Chinese Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance System from 2014 to 2023 were used as the dependent variable, the average ambient temperature from the China Statistical Yearbook was used as the independent variable. After controlling factors from socio-economic, environmental and medical services, natural log-linear regression analysis was used and found that CRKP and CRAB increased 1.093-fold and 1.021-fold, respectively, for every 1˚C ambient temperature increase. And this effect was similarly validated in the subgroup models for seasons and regions. In addition, we determined that health facilities, hospital beds per capita, and PM 2.5 had a significant effect on the AMR of different strains. Changes in ambient temperature have a cumulative effect, with the greatest cumulative four-year impact. The effects of ambient temperature and its changes on AMR and the identification of influencing factors in this study provide innovative insights and important evidence for combating AMR. Biological sciences/Microbiology/Antimicrobials Health sciences/Risk factors Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate change impacts Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementary1225.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Accepted 16 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5777544","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":448399848,"identity":"5c995fe0-609b-465b-8124-f62059f5508d","order_by":0,"name":"Ruxin Kou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Kou","suffix":""},{"id":448399850,"identity":"5351f4af-bb01-451e-ad46-d0dd00d4dd70","order_by":1,"name":"Xiying Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen 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