Black Carbon Emissions Generally Underestimated in the Global South as Revealed by Globally Distributed Measurements

Black Carbon Emissions Generally Underestimated in the Global South as Revealed by Globally Distributed Measurements | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Black Carbon Emissions Generally Underestimated in the Global South as Revealed by Globally Distributed Measurements Yuxuan Ren, Christopher Oxford, Dandan Zhang, Xuan Liu, Haihui Zhu, and 37 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6024974/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Characterization of black carbon (BC) on a fine scale across the world is essential for understanding its climate and health impacts. However, a paucity of BC mass measurements in different parts of the world and the coarse scale resolution of global models have inhibited evaluation of global BC emission inventories. Here, we apply a novel dataset of globally distributed BC mass measurements from the Surface Particulate Matter Network (SPARTAN) and complementary measurement networks to evaluate contemporary BC emission inventories. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) in its high-performance configuration (GCHP) for high-resolution simulations to relate BC emissions to ambient concentrations for comparison with the measurements. Simulations using the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) emission inventory exhibit skill (r 2 = 0.73) in representing variability in SPARTAN measurements across primarily developed regions with low BC concentrations but exhibit pronounced discrepancy (r 2 = 0.00019) across regions with high BC concentrations in the Global South. The model underestimates BC at most Global South sites with a normalized mean bias of -38%. Alternative inventories (EDGAR, HTAP) yield similar results. These findings motivate renewed attention to the challenging task of characterizing BC emissions from developing regions. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences/Environmental impact Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences/Environmental chemistry/Environmental monitoring Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences/Environmental chemistry/Atmospheric chemistry Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInfoBlackCarbon.pdf Supplementary Information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6024974","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":415916227,"identity":"6771aeb2-c483-4b5b-9f18-3319d1db291d","order_by":0,"name":"Yuxuan 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