Preparation, optimization, and testing of biostimulant formulations as stress management tools and foliar applications on brinjal and onion for growth and yield

Not only would the application of biostimulant formulations boost vegetable yields under typical and different biotic stress circumstances, but it will also be user and ecologically friendly. Due to their hydrophobic character and huge molecular volumes, the production of extremely stable emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations is the bottleneck of plant growth regulator uses. Gibberellic acid (0.25 percent EC) and Brassinolide (0.15 percent EC) were synthesized using a variety of solvents (Aromatic hydrocarbon, Toluene, Dimethyl sulfoxide) and surfactants (Calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate, Nonylphenol ethoxylate-13). Emulsification, detergency, and quick wetting performance were all outstanding in laboratory adjusted phytohormone formulations (E). Highly stable oil in water emulsions with exceptional compatibility and outstanding emulsion stability have been created using secondary alcohol ethoxylates and sulfonate anionic (5:5), which are affected by the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value and type of nonionic and anionic surfactants. The hormone content fluctuation was also estimated to be appropriate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (5.0 percent). In brinjal (muktakeshi) and onion (sukhsagar), applications at 450, 900, 180, and 360 mL ha -1 considerably enhanced growth and yields over control plants. Gibberellic acid boosted brinjal yields by 37.5 percent, while Brassinolide raised onion yields by 33.9 percent. Plant growth regulator formulations that have been thoroughly developed and evaluated might be a big step toward environmentally friendly agricultural production.