Prevalence and risk factors for dementia and mild cognitive impairment among older people in Southeast China: a community-based study

Abstract Background As the aging population grows, there is a rapid increase in the number of individuals with dementia in China. We aimed to conduct a community-based study on the prevalence and risk factors for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older adults in China. Methods In this study, 20070 individuals aged ≥ 65 were recruited between January 1st, 2022, and February 1st, 2023, from ten communities in Xiamen City, China. We collected data on age, sex, level of education, and medical history, as well as global cognition and functional status. The prevalence of dementia and MCI was examined, and the risk factors for the different groups were assessed. Results The overall prevalence of dementia and MCI was approximately 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1–5.7) and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.4–8.1), respectively. The results also indicated that dementia and MCI share similar risk factors, including older age, female sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Compared to individuals with no formal education, those with > 6 years of education had an odds ratio for MCI of 1.93 (95% CI, 1.57–2.38). We also found that only 5.5% of the positive participants chose to be referred to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment during follow-up visits. Conclusions We estimated the prevalence and risk factors of dementia and MCI among individuals aged 65 years or older in Southeast China. These findings are crucial for preventing and managing dementia and MCI in China.