The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Newly Recorded Chinese Species of Diglyphus sabulosus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Insights into Its Phylogenetic Position

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Newly Recorded Chinese Species of Diglyphus sabulosus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Insights into Its Phylogenetic Position | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Newly Recorded Chinese Species of Diglyphus sabulosus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Insights into Its Phylogenetic Position Lu-Chao Fang, Zhi-Qiang Ge, Ou-Yan Xi, Ze-Lu Mu, Hong-Ying Hu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8308075/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Biochemical Genetics → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Diglyphus Walker, 1844 is an economically important genus which many species acting as biocontrol agents against agromyzid leafminer pests, but there is a lack of mitogenomic data on the evolutionary relationships within this genus, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its evolutionary history. we used traditional morphological methods to identify species, and present the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence and characterization of features of Diglyphus sabulosus and further infer its phylogenetic position based on the complete mitochondrial genome sequence. The complete mitochondrial genome of Diglyphus sabulosus is 15,690 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The AT content of the whole genome sequence was 81.0%, indicating a significant AT bias. All 13 protein-coding genes have the typical ATN as the start codon and TAA as the stop codon. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from the complete mitogenome revealed that all species within the family Eulophidae constituted a monophyletic clade, supporting the monophyly of this family. Diglyphus sabulosus and Diglyphus poppoea form a well-supported sister group, representing the species with the closest phylogenetic relationship within the analyzed taxa. This inferred close phylogenetic affinity is highly consistent with their morphological characteristics, which exhibit the highest degree of similarity among the studied species. In this study, the mitogenome structure was analyzed and the taxonomic status of Diglyphus sabulosus was clarified, thus providing a theoretical basis for understanding the phylogenetic relationships of Diglyphus . Diglyphus sabulosus Mitochondrial genome Phylogenetic relationship Newly recorded species from China Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1 Introduction Diglyphus sabulosus belongs to the family Eulophidae, subfamily Eulophinae, genus Diglyphus . Diglyphus currently includes 41 species, and 17 of them are recorded from China (Gordh and Hendrickson; 1979 ; Gauthier et al. 2000 ; Zhu et al. 2000 ; Yefremova et al. 2011 ; Ye et al. 2018 ; UCD 2023) [1–6] . Diglyphus is an economically important genus containing species that attack Agromyzidae (Diptera) leafminers and occasionally Lepidoptera pests (Gelechiidae, Gracillariidae, Lyonetiidae, and Nepticulidae) (Zhu et al. 2000 ; Yefremova et al. 2011 ; Hansson and Navone 2017 ; UCD 2023). Agromyzidae leafminers such as Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) and Liriomyza spp. are pests of vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide (Bader et al. 2006 ; Kaspi and Pawella 2006; Foba et al. 2016 ; Kumar and Sharma 2016 ). Most species of the genus Diglyphus can serve as biological control agents, providing protection for important cash crops. Eulophidae is a large and biologically varied family of parasitoid wasps, traditionally split into four subfamilies (Gauthier et al. 2000 ). Identification of Eulophidae species mainly depends on morphological data. However, combining morphological and molecular analyses for species identification is essential owing to the morphological similarities among species. The rapid advancement of molecular biology techniques has led to an increasing focus among researchers on taxonomic and genetic studies of Eulophidae based on molecular markers such as mitochondrial gene sequences. The cytochrome c oxidase I ( COI ) gene of the mitochondrial DNA and internal transcribed spacer II (ITS2) ribosomal DNA genes have previously been applied to enhance species identification (Hebert et al. 2003 ; Bernardo et al. 2008 ; Gebiola et al. 2012 ; Song et al. 2020 ; Du et al. 2021 ; Huang et al. 2022 ). Although 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) has mostly been used for phylogenetic studies at the genus level and above, it has also been used for species identification (Burks et al. 2011 ; Hansson and Schmidt 2020 ). However, due to the limited amount of genetic information carried by individual genes, polygenic association studies have become increasingly prevalent in Eulophidae research. For example, Gebiola et al. ( 2009 ) used a combined molecular approach involving 28S rDNA and COI to determine the taxonomic status of two species from the Pygalio genus that had previously been the subject of morphological identification disputes. This approach provided molecular evidence to clarify their taxonomic positions. Gebiola et al. ( 2015 ) employed an integrated taxonomic approach to revise the classification of the genus Necremnus . Molecular data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and the nuclear D2 expansion region of the 28S ribosomal subunit and internal transcribed spacer 2, the discovery of new morphological features, and study of type material resulted in the delineation of three species groups, the Necremnus artynes , Necremnus cosconius and Necremnus tidius groups, the discovery of four new species, and the resurrection of three taxa from synonymy. Wan et al. ( 2023 ) discovered one new species of Diglyphus based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of COI , ITS2 and 28S rDNA genes. With the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, obtaining mitogenome sequences has become increasingly straightforward. The typical insect mitogenome is circular, being 14–20 kb in length and normally containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 1 A + T-rich region (control region, CR) (Dowton et al. 2002 ; Cameron 2014 ). The mitogenomes of insects are characterised by a high degree of conservation and compactness. Compared to those of other eukaryotes, insect mitogenomes exhibit a higher gene density, with genes often lacking non-coding sequences between them (Liu et al. 2016 ). Insect mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, non-recombining, and has an elevated mutation rate compared to nuclear DNA, making it the most popular marker in phylogenetic analysis of insects (Zheng et al. 2018 ; Liu et al. 2019 ; Tang et al. 2019 ; Nie et al. 2020 ). In recent years, with the maturation of sequencing technologies and the application of universal primers for mitochondrial genes (Simon et al. 1994 ; Simon et al. 2006 ), the number of insect mitogenomes that have been sequenced has increased rapidly. The study of insect mitogenomes is significant in fields such as insect taxonomy, evolutionary studies and population genetics. These genomes may also serve as crucial tools for identifying insect species and reconstructing their phylogeny (Boore 1999 ; Ballard and Rand 2005; Ma et al. 2012 ; Nelson et al. 2012 ). However, the availability of Diglyphus mitogenomes remains extremely limited. So far, merely three mitogenomes of Diglyphus species have been deposited in the GenBank database (as of August 30, 2025), with Diglyphus sabulosus not among these sequenced species. In this study, we determined the first complete mitogenome sequence of the genus Diglyphus , Diglyphus sabulosus , along with the details of its mitogenomic structure, providing a valuable data resource with which to address the lack of mitogenomes in this genus. Based on mitogenome data, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Eulophidae and discussed the phylogenetic position of Diglyphus , contributing novel molecular evidence for understanding the evolution of this group. 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sample Collection and Species Identification All specimens in this study were collected in accordance with Chinese laws. The collection and sampling of the specimens were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang University. All the experiments were conducted with respect to animal welfare and care. We obtained specimens of Diglyphus sabulosus from Aktao County Aoyi Take Glacier Park, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (38°53′54″N, 75°12′5″E). Specimens were promptly preserved in anhydrous ethanol during field collection. Subsequently, all specimens were transferred to and preserved at − 20℃ in the Entomology Collection at the College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (ICXU). The specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope (Nikon, SMZ25, Japan). Morphological photographs were captured and morphometric measurements were taken using the Nikon DS-U3 imaging system that accompanies the microscope. Image processing and layout were performed using Adobe Photoshop. The morphological terminology and measurement methods follow Gibson ( 1989 ), Hansson ( 1990 ), and Yefremova et al. ( 2011 ), and the following abbreviations were used: F1-2: maximum length of Funicle 1–2. OOL: Ocular ocellar line: shortest distance between the lateral ocelli and eyes. POL: Posterior ocellar line: shortest distance between lateral ocelli. 2.2 DNA Extraction and Genome sequencing Genomic DNA was extracted from ten female adult specimens of Diglyphus sabulosus . The extraction process was carried out by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. The mitogenome sequencing of Diglyphus sabulosus was conducted using the Illumina Nova Xplus platform (Sangong Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.). A genomic DNA library with insert fragments of approximately 350 bp was constructed and sequenced using a PE150 strategy, yielding approximately 6 Gb of raw data in FASTQ format. Subsequently, Fastp v0.23.4 (Chen et al. 2018 ) was used to filter the raw reads for quality control, removing those containing adapter sequences, high read redundancy, a high N content and low quality. This produced high-quality data for subsequent assembly. 2.3 Genome assembly, annotation and validation Multiple strategies are employed in the assembly and validation of mitogenomes to ensure the accuracy of the results. The raw sequencing data were processed using MitoZ v3.6 (Meng et al. 2019 ), including quality control, de novo assembly, and preliminary annotation. We compared the two assembly results and manually annotated in MEGAX v10.2.6 (Kumar et al. 2018 ), yielding a consistent, high-quality mitogenome sequence. The sequence was submitted to the MITOS2 (2.1.9 + galaxy0) (Donath et al. 2019 ) online server for systematic annotation. Annotation results from MitoZ and MITOS2 were manually verified and confirmed in Geneious Prime, yielding the final annotation. Protein-coding genes (PCGs) were further validated using ORF Finder ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/ , accessed on 10 August 2025). The secondary structures of tRNAs were predicted and visualized using MITOS2 and VARNA v3-93 (Darty et al. 2009 ), respectively. The annotated mitogenome sequence has been submitted to NCBI GenBank under accession number PX395427. The mitogenomic structure was visualized through Proksee ( https://proksee.ca/ , accessed on 10 August 2025) (Grant et al. 2023 ). 2.4 Sequence Analysis To analyze the full-sequence characteristics of the mitogenome, we used Geneious Prime v2025.1.2, MEGAX v10.2.6, and PhyloSuite v1.2.3pre3 for comprehensive analysis, including: (1) Genome-wide base composition analysis to determine its distribution; (2) Investigation of codon usage patterns and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in protein-coding genes (PCGs) to assess codon preference; (3) Calculation of mitogenome composition skew using formulae: AT skew=(A − T)/(A + T) and GC skew=(G − C)/(G + C) (Perna and Kocher 1995 ). 2.5 Phylogenetic Analysis We selected mitogenome sequences from 8 species of Eulophidae and 1 outgroup species ( Pteromalus puparum ), in addition to the complete mitogenome sequence of Diglyphus sabulosus determined in this study. All species used for phylogenetic analysis, along with their mitogenome GenBank accession numbers, are listed in Table 1 . Multiple sequence alignments were performed with MAFFT v7.505 (Katoh and Standley 2013 ), and the alignments were then optimized using MACSE (Ranwez et al. 2011 ). The aligned sequences of PCGs and RNAs were trimmed using Gblocks 0.91b (Talavera and Castresana 2007 ), respectively. Subsequently, we concatenated all 37 genes with a total of 15,690 bp using PhyloSuite v1.2.3pre3. We selected the best-fit model based on the BIC criterion using ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017 ), then performed phylogenetic analyses on each dataset via Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML), respectively. The BI tree was constructed in MrBayes v3.2.7 (Ronquist et al. 2012 ), using four Markov chains run for 50,000,000 generations, with a sampling frequency of 1,000 generations and a relative burn-in of 25%. Majority consensus trees were then generated, and node support was assessed via posterior probabilities. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed in IQ-TREE v2.2.2.7 (Nguyen et al. 2015 ), with branch support assessed using 5,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates to generate bootstrap values. The phylogenetic tree was edited in Figtree v1.4.4 and further embellished in iTOL ( https://itol.embl.de/ , accessed on 20 September 2025) (Letunic and Bork 2024 ). Table 1 Taxonomic information and GenBank accession numbers of mitochondrial genomes used in the study. Family Species GenBank Accession no. Size(bp) Chouioia cunea NC_060368 14,930 Chouioia cunea MW192646 14,930 Citrostichus phyllocnistoides PQ059861 14,669 Tetrastichus howardi NC_079567 14,791 Eulophidae Tetrastichus sp. PP735728 14,910 Necremnus tutae NC_053857 15,252 Diglyphus begini OQ863035 14,478 Diglyphus sabulosus PX395427 15,690 Diglyphus poppoea OQ863037 13,193 Diglyphus isaea OQ863031 14,178 Pteromalidae (Outgroup) Pteromalus puparum NC_039656 18,217 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Diglyphus sabulosus Erdӧs, 1951(Newly Recorded Species from China) Diglyphus sabulosus Erdös, 1951:197. Diglyphus sabulosus Thuróczy, 1992: 167. Specimens examined. 15♀♀3♂♂, CHINA, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Akto County Oyatake Glacier Park, 38°53′54″N, 75°12′5″E, 2764.51 m, 17. Ⅶ. 2022. Hongying Hu et al., sweeping. Diagnosis. Female. Body length 1.30–1.41 mm (n = 15). Body (Fig. 1 F) with a dark green metallic sheen. Antenna scape white, pedicel and funicle light brown (Fig. 1 C); proximal 1/2 of femur brown, tibia pale yellow, entire tarsus yellowish-brown; wing veins pale yellow. F1 1.18× as long as F2. Malar sulcus prominent, POL 2.56× that of OOL (Fig. 1 A). Thorax (Fig. 1 D) with reticulated engraving pattern. Foring veins slightly thickened (Fig. 1 E), with postmarginal vein subequal in length to stigmal vein which possesses a stalk; speculum minute. Gaster (Fig. 1 F) approximately oblong-ovate, ovipositor extends slightly from the end of the gaster. Male. Veins of both forewings and hindwings are distinctly thickened (Fig. 1 H); all other characters silimar with those of the female. Hosts. Agromyzidae (Yefremova et al.2011; UCD 2023). Distribution. China (Xinjiang); Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey (UCD 2023). Comments. This species is closely similar to Diglyphus poppoea , with the main difference being the color of the hind tibia. In Diglyphus poppoea , the distal two-thirds of the hind tibia are dark green (Jafarlu et al. 2023 ), whereas in this species, they are entirely yellow. Additionally, the male wings of this species have distinctly thickened, yellow veins, a feature that differs from those of other congeneric species. 3.2 Mitogenome Organization The complete mitogenome of Diglyphus sabulosus is a circular molecule of 15,690 bp, encoding 13 PCGs, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The organization of 37 genes and one non-coding region, together with the GC content and GC skew along the mitogenome, is presented in Fig. 2 . A total of 10 PCGs, 15 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes are located on the major coding strand (H-strand); 3 PCGs ( cytb , nad 2, and nad 6) and 7 tRNA genes ( trnS 2, trnT , trnE , trnK , trnN , trnW , and trnQ ) are situated on the minor coding strand (L-strand). There is one long non-coding region in the Diglyphus sabulosus mitogenome. The control region is located between trnI and trnM . Basic information on all the genes and non-coding region is listed in Table 2 , including strand positions, lengths, tRNA anticodons, the start and stop codons of the PCGs, and intergenic spacer lengths. The mitochondrial adjacent genes of Diglyphus sabulosus exhibit variable-length intergenic spacers and gene overlap. In this study, 19 intergenic gaps and 15 gene overlaps were identified in the mitogenome of Diglyphus sabulosus . Among these gaps, the longest (99 bp) was detected between nad 2 and trnI , and the shortest (2 bp) was present between two gene pairs: trnT - trnP and trnC - trnN . For gene overlaps, the longest spanned 21 bp and was located between rrnL and trnL 1. Table 2 Positions and basic features of genes and non-coding region of the Diglyphus sabulosus mitogenome Gene From To Length/bp Intergenic nucleotide/bp Anticodon Start codon Stop codon Coding strand trnA 1 64 64 TGC H rrnL 80 1394 1315 15 H trnL 1 1374 1441 68 -21 TAG H nad 1 1457 2389 933 15 ATT TAA H trnS 2 2388 2454 67 -2 TGA L cytb 2453 3592 1140 -2 ATG TAA L nad 6 3592 4113 522 -1 ATT TAA L trnP 4170 4236 67 56 TGG H trnT 4239 4306 68 2 TGT L nad 4 L 4324 4593 270 17 ATG TAA H nad 4 4608 5939 1332 14 ATG TAA H trnH 5923 5989 67 -17 GTG H nad 5 5993 7690 1698 3 ATT TAA H trnF 7671 7734 64 -20 GAA H trnE 7734 7798 65 -1 TTC L cox 1 7802 9337 1536 3 ATG TAA H trnL 2 9333 9399 67 -5 TAA H cox 2 9425 10102 678 25 ATT TAA H trnK 10112 10180 69 9 TTT L trnD 10188 10255 68 7 GTC H atp 8 10280 10441 162 24 ATT TAA H atp 6 10435 11109 675 -7 ATG TAA H cox 3 11109 11897 789 -1 ATG TAA H trnG 11908 11973 66 10 TCC H nad 3 11971 12324 354 -3 ATA TAA H trnR 12328 12386 59 3 TCG H trnC 12402 12467 66 15 GCA H trnN 12470 12536 67 2 GTT L trnY 12536 12602 67 -1 GTA H trnS 1 12602 12663 62 -1 TCT H trnW 12663 12732 70 -1 TCA L nad 2 12731 13723 993 -2 ATT TAA L trnI 13823 13890 68 99 GAT H Control region 13891 14692 802 0 trnM 14693 14757 65 0 CAT H trnV 14758 14833 76 0 TAC H rrnS 14841 15600 760 7 H trnQ 15608 15676 69 7 TTG L 3.3 Nucleotide Composition The whole mitogenome of Diglyphus sabulosus consists of 37.5% A, 43.5% T, 7.9% C, and 11.1% G. It shows an obvious bias towards A + T (81.0%), with a negative AT skew of -0.074 and a positive GC skew of 0.171 (Table 3 ), similar to what is observed in other Eulophid species (Tang et al. 2021 ; Tian et al. 2021 ). The AT content of the four datasets comprising the complete mitogenome, protein-coding genes, tRNA genes, and rRNA genes of Diglyphus sabulosus were 81.0%, 79.8%, 86.6%, and 86.0%, respectively. The AT content of 13 protein-coding genes ranged from 73.7% to 86.0%, with cox 1 exhibiting the lowest value at 73.7% and nad 2 the highest at 86.0%. Analysis of AT skew in each protein-coding gene revealed that, with the exception of the atp 8 gene, 12 remaining protein-coding genes exhibited T bias. In contrast, in GC skew analysis, 4 protein-coding genes ( atp 8, cyt b, nad 2, and nad 6) showed C bias, while the remaining 9 protein-coding genes exhibited G bias. Table 3 Nucleotide composition and skewness of the Diglyphus sabulosus mitogenome. Regions Size(bp) T C A G AT(%) GC(%) AT skewness GC skewness Full genome 15690 43.5 7.9 37.5 11.1 81.0 19.0 -0.074 0.171 PCGs 11082 45.7 9.4 34.1 10.8 79.8 20.2 -0.146 0.073 tRNAs 1469 42.0 5.2 44.6 8.2 86.6 13.4 0.030 0.218 rRNAs 2075 43.6 4.8 42.4 9.2 86.0 14.0 -0.013 0.313 Control region 802 39.0 12.0 31.3 17.7 70.3 29.7 -0.110 0.190 atp 6 675 44.6 10.5 34.1 10.8 78.7 21.3 -0.134 0.014 atp 8 162 37.7 8.6 47.5 6.2 85.2 14.8 0.116 -0.167 cox 1 1536 43.0 12.0 30.7 14.3 73.7 26.3 -0.166 0.089 cox 2 678 42.2 9.7 34.4 13.7 76.6 23.4 -0.102 0.170 cox 3 789 46.4 9.9 30.7 13.1 77.1 23.0 -0.204 0.138 cytb 1140 42.1 13.1 33.1 11.8 75.2 24.9 -0.120 -0.053 nad 1 933 46.0 8.0 33.7 12.3 79.7 20.3 -0.155 0.211 nad 2 993 47.3 9.3 38.7 4.7 86.0 14.0 -0.101 -0.324 nad 3 354 47.5 7.3 35.6 9.6 83.1 16.9 -0.143 0.133 nad 4 1332 47.7 7.4 33 11.8 80.7 19.2 -0.182 0.227 nad 4 L 270 50.7 4.4 35.2 9.6 85.9 14.0 -0.181 0.368 nad 5 1698 48.8 7.2 34.4 9.6 83.2 16.8 -0.173 0.144 nad 6 522 46.4 9.6 39.1 5.0 85.5 14.6 -0.085 -0.316 3.4 Protein-Coding Genes The total tandem length of 13 protein-coding genes in Diglyphus sabulosus is 11,082 bp, accounting for 70.63% of the entire mitogenome and encoding 3,681 amino acids. The amino acids were ranked by content in descending order as follows: Leu > Ile > Phe > Ser > Met > Asn > Val > Tyr > Gly > Lys > Pro = Thr > Ala > Trp > Glu > His > Gln > Asp > Arg > Cys, with Pro and Thr having identical percentages. Among these, Leu exhibited the highest relative content at 13.69%, whereas Cys showed the lowest, accounting for only 0.08%. RSCU values were calculated to measure the codon usage bias (Fig. 3 ). The codons with an RSCU value > 1.0 were defined as abundant codons. Relative codon usage analysis was performed on Diglyphus sabulosus , revealing 64 distinct codons in its coding sequences. A total of 29 codons showed RSCU > 1.0, of which 14 terminated in U and 15 in A (Table 4 ). Among these preferred codons, UUA had the highest usage frequency (n = 393, RSCU = 4.68). Notably, all amino acids exhibited distinct codon usage biases, with preferences specifically for codons terminating in A or U (A/U at the third position). As illustrated in Fig. 3 , notable examples include: Leu preferring the codon UUA, Ile preferring AUU, Phe preferring UUU, and Met preferring AUA, among others. All PCGs start with typical ATN initiation codons, including one ATA ( nad 3), six ATTs ( nad 1, nad 6, nad 5, cox 2, atp 8, and nad 2), and six ATGs ( cytb , nad 4 L , nad 4, cox 1, atp 6, and cox 3). All PCGs terminate with conventional stop TAA codon (Table 2 ). Table 4 Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in the mitochondrial genome of Diglyphus sabulosus Codon Count RSCU Codon Count RSCU Codon Count RSCU Codon Count RSCU UUU(F) 388 1.87 UCU(S) 110 2.29 UAU(Y) 161 1.85 UGU(C) 29 2.00 UUC(F) 26 0.13 UCC(S) 8 0.17 UAC(Y) 13 0.15 UGC(C) 0 0.00 UUA(L) 393 4.68 UCA(S) 128 2.66 UAA(*) 13 2.00 UGA(W) 76 1.85 UUG(L) 22 0.26 UCG(S) 3 0.06 UAG(*) 0 0.00 UGG(W) 6 0.15 CUU(L) 57 0.68 CCU(P) 65 2.39 CAU(H) 53 1.86 CGU(R) 17 1.48 CUC(L) 6 0.07 CCC(P) 4 0.15 CAC(H) 4 0.14 CGC(R) 0 0.00 CUA(L) 24 0.29 CCA(P) 36 1.32 CAA(Q) 44 1.57 CGA(R) 24 2.09 CUG(L) 2 0.02 CCG(P) 4 0.15 CAG(Q) 12 0.43 CGG(R) 5 0.43 AUU(I) 421 1.90 ACU(T) 59 2.17 AAU(N) 201 1.83 AGU(S) 21 0.44 AUC(I) 22 0.10 ACC(T) 8 0.29 AAC(N) 19 0.17 AGC(S) 1 0.02 AUA(M) 322 1.86 ACA(T) 41 1.50 AAA(K) 129 1.80 AGA(S) 101 2.10 AUG(M) 24 0.14 ACG(T) 1 0.04 AAG(K) 14 0.20 AGG(S) 13 0.27 GUU(V) 77 1.74 GCU(A) 47 2.16 GAU(D) 46 1.74 GGU(G) 53 1.25 GUC(V) 5 0.11 GCC(A) 0 0.00 GAC(D) 7 0.26 GGC(G) 4 0.09 GUA(V) 84 1.90 GCA(A) 38 1.75 GAA(E) 61 1.58 GGA(G) 74 1.74 GUG(V) 11 0.25 GCG(A) 2 0.09 GAG(E) 16 0.42 GGG(G) 39 0.92 3.5 Transfer RNAs and Ribosomal RNAs Diglyphus sabulosus has 22 tRNAs, ranging from 59 to 76 bp in length. Fifteen of these tRNAs are located on the major coding strand (H-strand), and seven on the minor coding strand (L-strand). These tRNAs exhibit an AT bias (86.6%), similar to the overall mitogenomic composition. The AT and GC skew values are 0.030 and 0.218, respectively (Table 3 ). The predicted secondary structure of all tRNAs in the Diglyphus sabulosus mitogenome is presented in Fig. 4 . With the exception of trnR and trnS 1, which lack both the dihydrouracil arm (DHU arm) and dihydrouracil ring (DHU ring), all the tRNAs are folded into typical clover-leaf secondary structures, consisting of four domains and a variable loop. trnS 1 lacks the DHU arm, which is almost ubiquitous in insect mitogenomes (Sun et al. 2010 ; Jühling et al. 2012 ; Cameron 2014 ). In the 22 tRNAs of the Diglyphus sabulosus mitogenome, a total of 11 G-U base mismatches were detected: one mismatch in each of trnD , trnL 1, trnL 2, and trnP ; two mismatches in each of trnF and trnY ; and three mismatches in trnA (Fig. 4 ). The mitogenome of Diglyphus sabulosus also contains 2 rRNAs. rrnL is 1,315 bp long and positioned between trnA and trnL 1, while rrnS is 760 bp long and located between trn V and t rnQ (Table 2 ). 3.6 Phylogenetic Relationships In the current study, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships using complete mitogenome sequences. The primary objective was to gain insights into interrelationships within the Eulophidae clade, focusing on Diglyphus sabulosus . The phylogenetic relationships of Eulophidae were subsequently inferred via the ML and BI methods, based on the complete mitogenomes from Diglyphus sabulosus and other selected species. The two trees exhibited nearly congruent topologies. Therefore, we present the consensus tree, along with both Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap values, in Fig. 5 . The phylogenetic results revealed that all species of the family Eulophidae form a single well-supported clade, confirming that Eulophidae is a monophyletic group with strong statistical support. Within Eulophidae, the two tribes Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae were also recovered as monophyletic. Diglyphus and Necremnus form a tightly clustered subclade, with the four Diglyphus species coalescing into a single clade. Within this clade, Diglyphus sabulosus and Diglyphus poppoea are sister groups, representing the closest relatives (posterior probability of 1; bootstrap value of 100%). Rao et al. ( 2025 ) reconstructed a ML phylogenetic tree using 13 protein-coding genes derived from four species within the family Eulophidae. The phylogenetic results revealed that all species belonging to the family Eulophidae form a single well-supported clade, confirming that Eulophidae is a monophyletic group with strong statistical support. The phylogenetic relationships within the family Eulophidae inferred in this study are generally consistent with previous findings [54–55] and congruent with conclusions from traditional taxonomy. 4 Conclusion We obtained the first complete mitogenome sequence of Diglyphus sabulosus through next-generation sequencing. We characterized the mitogenomic architecture of Diglyphus sabulosus and found that it shares many significant features with other Eulophidae species, including gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage bias, and one control region between trnI and trnM . Phylogenetic trees constructed using all 37 mitochondrial genes, which revealed the phylogenetic relationships of Eulophidae, aligning with previous studies in this respect. The phylogenetic results revealed that all species belonging to the family Eulophidae form a single well-supported clade, confirming that Eulophidae is a monophyletic group with strong statistical support. Diglyphus sabulosus and Diglyphus poppoea form a well-supported sister group, representing the species with the closest phylogenetic relationship within the analyzed taxa. This inferred close phylogenetic affinity is highly consistent with their morphological characteristics. The newly determined mitogenome sequence of Diglyphus sabulosus enables us to view the genus Diglyphus from a perspective differing from that of morphology-based taxonomy. There is a pressing need to acquire more mitogenomic data from Eulophidae species to improve our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the family Eulophidae. Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Funding This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070472) and National Animal Collection Resource Center, China (No. 202406120003). Author Contribution F: Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. G: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing. X: Methodology, Writing – review & editing. M: Writing – review & editing. H: Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing. Data Availability The data presented in this study were deposited in the NCBI repository (accession numbers PX395427). References Bader AE, Heinz KM, Wharton RA, Bográn CE (2006) Assessment of interspecific interactions among parasitoids on the outcome of inoculative biological control of leafminers attacking chrysanthemum. 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Orient insects 34(1):263–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2000.10417266 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Biochemical Genetics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 08 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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14:29:47","extension":"html","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":208892,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/13d0235b9aba7e0089768f4c.html"},{"id":99000747,"identity":"17c8e750-2dd7-408b-87ae-e0a8980bfffb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 14:29:47","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":456065,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e (female and male). A: Dorsal view of head; B: Anterior view of head;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC: antenna; D: Dorsal view of thorax; E: forewing; F: female body; G: gaster (male); H: male body.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/8fadb711e6b317125680f218.png"},{"id":99312129,"identity":"7f6e5062-4a35-4194-aaab-29e7b17d93ce","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:18:09","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1101538,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCircular map of the\u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenome, showing the arrangement of 37 genes and 1 non-coding region as well as variations in GC content and GC skew.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/ad54872c974d7ed2612237fc.png"},{"id":99000751,"identity":"feb52478-cfca-4ebc-b731-875bf1d9b0d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 14:29:47","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":199151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRelative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of the \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003emitogenome, with amino acid frequencies indicated above.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/0c65bb449224f9bdb14288c8.png"},{"id":99000752,"identity":"f3497458-a5a8-400e-b3ba-46897e63763f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 14:29:47","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":117403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSecondary structure of tRNA genes in the mitochondrial genome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosu\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/77b69dd93e7cc97a7b77eda9.png"},{"id":99000753,"identity":"000b3715-4c91-49ff-b8fb-d63e1910c2ee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 14:29:47","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":665963,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe phylogenetic tree of Eulophidae inferred from complete mitogenomes. Values under branches indicate BI posterior probabilities on the left and ML bootstrap values on the right.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/1aea32452c2a3c9e760d0480.png"},{"id":108440215,"identity":"57c26433-4044-408f-8083-9dc0a6fdf175","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-04 16:32:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2554198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8308075/v1/85e6f72d-2134-4e42-be4e-be9aa48a7b9d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Newly Recorded Chinese Species of Diglyphus sabulosus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Insights into Its Phylogenetic Position","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e belongs to the family Eulophidae, subfamily Eulophinae, genus \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e currently includes 41 species, and 17 of them are recorded from China (Gordh and Hendrickson; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1979\u003c/span\u003e; Gauthier et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e; Zhu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e; Yefremova et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Ye et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; UCD 2023)\u003csup\u003e[1\u0026ndash;6]\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e is an economically important genus containing species that attack Agromyzidae (Diptera) leafminers and occasionally Lepidoptera pests (Gelechiidae, Gracillariidae, Lyonetiidae, and Nepticulidae) (Zhu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e; Yefremova et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Hansson and Navone \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; UCD 2023). Agromyzidae leafminers such as \u003cem\u003eChromatomyia horticola\u003c/em\u003e (Goureau) and \u003cem\u003eLiriomyza\u003c/em\u003e spp. are pests of vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide (Bader et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e; Kaspi and Pawella 2006; Foba et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Kumar and Sharma \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Most species of the genus \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e can serve as biological control agents, providing protection for important cash crops.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEulophidae is a large and biologically varied family of parasitoid wasps, traditionally split into four subfamilies (Gauthier et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e). Identification of Eulophidae species mainly depends on morphological data. However, combining morphological and molecular analyses for species identification is essential owing to the morphological similarities among species. The rapid advancement of molecular biology techniques has led to an increasing focus among researchers on taxonomic and genetic studies of Eulophidae based on molecular markers such as mitochondrial gene sequences. The cytochrome c oxidase I (\u003cem\u003eCOI\u003c/em\u003e) gene of the mitochondrial DNA and internal transcribed spacer II (ITS2) ribosomal DNA genes have previously been applied to enhance species identification (Hebert et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Bernardo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e; Gebiola et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Song et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Du et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Huang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Although 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) has mostly been used for phylogenetic studies at the genus level and above, it has also been used for species identification (Burks et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Hansson and Schmidt \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). However, due to the limited amount of genetic information carried by individual genes, polygenic association studies have become increasingly prevalent in Eulophidae research. For example, Gebiola et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e) used a combined molecular approach involving 28S rDNA and \u003cem\u003eCOI\u003c/em\u003e to determine the taxonomic status of two species from the \u003cem\u003ePygalio\u003c/em\u003e genus that had previously been the subject of morphological identification disputes. This approach provided molecular evidence to clarify their taxonomic positions. Gebiola et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) employed an integrated taxonomic approach to revise the classification of the genus \u003cem\u003eNecremnus\u003c/em\u003e. Molecular data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and the nuclear D2 expansion region of the 28S ribosomal subunit and internal transcribed spacer 2, the discovery of new morphological features, and study of type material resulted in the delineation of three species groups, the \u003cem\u003eNecremnus artynes\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eNecremnus cosconius\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eNecremnus tidius\u003c/em\u003e groups, the discovery of four new species, and the resurrection of three taxa from synonymy. Wan et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) discovered one new species of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of \u003cem\u003eCOI\u003c/em\u003e, ITS2 and 28S rDNA genes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, obtaining mitogenome sequences has become increasingly straightforward. The typical insect mitogenome is circular, being 14\u0026ndash;20 kb in length and normally containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 1 A\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;T-rich region (control region, CR) (Dowton et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e; Cameron \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). The mitogenomes of insects are characterised by a high degree of conservation and compactness. Compared to those of other eukaryotes, insect mitogenomes exhibit a higher gene density, with genes often lacking non-coding sequences between them (Liu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Insect mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, non-recombining, and has an elevated mutation rate compared to nuclear DNA, making it the most popular marker in phylogenetic analysis of insects (Zheng et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Liu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Tang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Nie et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). In recent years, with the maturation of sequencing technologies and the application of universal primers for mitochondrial genes (Simon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Simon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e), the number of insect mitogenomes that have been sequenced has increased rapidly. The study of insect mitogenomes is significant in fields such as insect taxonomy, evolutionary studies and population genetics. These genomes may also serve as crucial tools for identifying insect species and reconstructing their phylogeny (Boore \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Ballard and Rand 2005; Ma et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Nelson et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). However, the availability of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenomes remains extremely limited. So far, merely three mitogenomes of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e species have been deposited in the GenBank database (as of August 30, 2025), with \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e not among these sequenced species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we determined the first complete mitogenome sequence of the genus \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e, along with the details of its mitogenomic structure, providing a valuable data resource with which to address the lack of mitogenomes in this genus. Based on mitogenome data, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Eulophidae and discussed the phylogenetic position of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e, contributing novel molecular evidence for understanding the evolution of this group.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Sample Collection and Species Identification\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll specimens in this study were collected in accordance with Chinese laws. The collection and sampling of the specimens were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang University. All the experiments were conducted with respect to animal welfare and care. We obtained specimens of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e from Aktao County Aoyi Take Glacier Park, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (38\u0026deg;53\u0026prime;54\u0026Prime;N, 75\u0026deg;12\u0026prime;5\u0026Prime;E). Specimens were promptly preserved in anhydrous ethanol during field collection. Subsequently, all specimens were transferred to and preserved at \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20℃ in the Entomology Collection at the College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (ICXU).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope (Nikon, SMZ25, Japan). Morphological photographs were captured and morphometric measurements were taken using the Nikon DS-U3 imaging system that accompanies the microscope. Image processing and layout were performed using Adobe Photoshop. The morphological terminology and measurement methods follow Gibson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e), Hansson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e), and Yefremova et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), and the following abbreviations were used:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF1-2: maximum length of Funicle 1\u0026ndash;2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOOL: Ocular ocellar line: shortest distance between the lateral ocelli and eyes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePOL: Posterior ocellar line: shortest distance between lateral ocelli.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 DNA Extraction and Genome sequencing\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenomic DNA was extracted from ten female adult specimens of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e. The extraction process was carried out by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. The mitogenome sequencing of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e was conducted using the Illumina Nova Xplus platform (Sangong Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.). A genomic DNA library with insert fragments of approximately 350 bp was constructed and sequenced using a PE150 strategy, yielding approximately 6 Gb of raw data in FASTQ format. Subsequently, Fastp v0.23.4 (Chen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) was used to filter the raw reads for quality control, removing those containing adapter sequences, high read redundancy, a high N content and low quality. This produced high-quality data for subsequent assembly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.3 Genome assembly, annotation and validation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple strategies are employed in the assembly and validation of mitogenomes to ensure the accuracy of the results. The raw sequencing data were processed using MitoZ v3.6 (Meng et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), including quality control, de novo assembly, and preliminary annotation. We compared the two assembly results and manually annotated in MEGAX v10.2.6 (Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), yielding a consistent, high-quality mitogenome sequence. The sequence was submitted to the MITOS2 (2.1.9\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;galaxy0) (Donath et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) online server for systematic annotation. Annotation results from MitoZ and MITOS2 were manually verified and confirmed in Geneious Prime, yielding the final annotation. Protein-coding genes (PCGs) were further validated using ORF Finder (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, accessed on 10 August 2025). The secondary structures of tRNAs were predicted and visualized using MITOS2 and VARNA v3-93 (Darty et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e), respectively. The annotated mitogenome sequence has been submitted to NCBI GenBank under accession number PX395427. The mitogenomic structure was visualized through Proksee (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://proksee.ca/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://proksee.ca/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, accessed on 10 August 2025) (Grant et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Sequence Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo analyze the full-sequence characteristics of the mitogenome, we used Geneious Prime v2025.1.2, MEGAX v10.2.6, and PhyloSuite v1.2.3pre3 for comprehensive analysis, including: (1) Genome-wide base composition analysis to determine its distribution; (2) Investigation of codon usage patterns and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in protein-coding genes (PCGs) to assess codon preference; (3) Calculation of mitogenome composition skew using formulae: AT skew=(A\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;T)/(A\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;T) and GC skew=(G\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;C)/(G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C) (Perna and Kocher \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5 Phylogenetic Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe selected mitogenome sequences from 8 species of Eulophidae and 1 outgroup species (\u003cem\u003ePteromalus puparum\u003c/em\u003e), in addition to the complete mitogenome sequence of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e determined in this study. All species used for phylogenetic analysis, along with their mitogenome GenBank accession numbers, are listed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Multiple sequence alignments were performed with MAFFT v7.505 (Katoh and Standley \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), and the alignments were then optimized using MACSE (Ranwez et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). The aligned sequences of PCGs and RNAs were trimmed using Gblocks 0.91b (Talavera and Castresana \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e), respectively. Subsequently, we concatenated all 37 genes with a total of 15,690 bp using PhyloSuite v1.2.3pre3. We selected the best-fit model based on the BIC criterion using ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), then performed phylogenetic analyses on each dataset via Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML), respectively. The BI tree was constructed in MrBayes v3.2.7 (Ronquist et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e), using four Markov chains run for 50,000,000 generations, with a sampling frequency of 1,000 generations and a relative burn-in of 25%. Majority consensus trees were then generated, and node support was assessed via posterior probabilities. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed in IQ-TREE v2.2.2.7 (Nguyen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), with branch support assessed using 5,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates to generate bootstrap values. The phylogenetic tree was edited in Figtree v1.4.4 and further embellished in iTOL (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://itol.embl.de/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://itol.embl.de/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, accessed on 20 September 2025) (Letunic and Bork \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic information and GenBank accession numbers of mitochondrial genomes used in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenBank Accession no.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize(bp)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChouioia cunea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNC_060368\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChouioia cunea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW192646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCitrostichus phyllocnistoides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePQ059861\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,669\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTetrastichus howardi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNC_079567\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,791\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEulophidae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTetrastichus\u003c/em\u003e sp.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePP735728\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,910\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNecremnus tutae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNC_053857\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15,252\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiglyphus begini\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ863035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,478\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePX395427\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15,690\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiglyphus poppoea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ863037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13,193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiglyphus isaea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ863031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePteromalidae (Outgroup)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePteromalus puparum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNC_039656\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18,217\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e Erdӧs, 1951(Newly Recorded Species from China)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e Erd\u0026ouml;s, 1951:197.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e Thur\u0026oacute;czy, 1992: 167.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimens examined. 15♀♀3♂♂, CHINA, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Akto County Oyatake Glacier Park, 38\u0026deg;53\u0026prime;54\u0026Prime;N, 75\u0026deg;12\u0026prime;5\u0026Prime;E, 2764.51 m, 17. Ⅶ. 2022. Hongying Hu et al., sweeping.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis. Female. Body length 1.30\u0026ndash;1.41 mm (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15). Body (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eF) with a dark green metallic sheen. Antenna scape white, pedicel and funicle light brown (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eC); proximal 1/2 of femur brown, tibia pale yellow, entire tarsus yellowish-brown; wing veins pale yellow. F1 1.18\u0026times; as long as F2. Malar sulcus prominent, POL 2.56\u0026times; that of OOL (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eA). Thorax (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eD) with reticulated engraving pattern. Foring veins slightly thickened (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eE), with postmarginal vein subequal in length to stigmal vein which possesses a stalk; speculum minute. Gaster (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eF) approximately oblong-ovate, ovipositor extends slightly from the end of the gaster.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale. Veins of both forewings and hindwings are distinctly thickened (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eH); all other characters silimar with those of the female.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHosts. Agromyzidae (Yefremova et al.2011; UCD 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution. China (Xinjiang); Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey (UCD 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComments. This species is closely similar to \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus poppoea\u003c/em\u003e, with the main difference being the color of the hind tibia. In \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus poppoea\u003c/em\u003e, the distal two-thirds of the hind tibia are dark green (Jafarlu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), whereas in this species, they are entirely yellow. Additionally, the male wings of this species have distinctly thickened, yellow veins, a feature that differs from those of other congeneric species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.2 Mitogenome Organization\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe complete mitogenome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e is a circular molecule of 15,690 bp, encoding 13 PCGs, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The organization of 37 genes and one non-coding region, together with the GC content and GC skew along the mitogenome, is presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. A total of 10 PCGs, 15 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes are located on the major coding strand (H-strand); 3 PCGs (\u003cem\u003ecytb\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2, and \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e6) and 7 tRNA genes (\u003cem\u003etrnS\u003c/em\u003e2, \u003cem\u003etrnT\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003etrnE\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003etrnK\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003etrnN\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003etrnW\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003etrnQ\u003c/em\u003e) are situated on the minor coding strand (L-strand).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is one long non-coding region in the \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenome. The control region is located between \u003cem\u003etrnI\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnM\u003c/em\u003e. Basic information on all the genes and non-coding region is listed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, including strand positions, lengths, tRNA anticodons, the start and stop codons of the PCGs, and intergenic spacer lengths. The mitochondrial adjacent genes of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e exhibit variable-length intergenic spacers and gene overlap. In this study, 19 intergenic gaps and 15 gene overlaps were identified in the mitogenome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e. Among these gaps, the longest (99 bp) was detected between \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2 and \u003cem\u003etrnI\u003c/em\u003e, and the shortest (2 bp) was present between two gene pairs: \u003cem\u003etrnT\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003etrnP\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnC\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003etrnN\u003c/em\u003e. For gene overlaps, the longest spanned 21 bp and was located between \u003cem\u003errnL\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnL\u003c/em\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositions and basic features of genes and non-coding region of the \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength/bp\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntergenic nucleotide/bp\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnticodon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStart codon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStop codon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoding strand\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003errnL\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1394\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1315\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnL\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1374\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1457\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2389\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnS\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2388\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecytb\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2453\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4236\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnT\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4306\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e4\u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4593\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4608\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5939\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnH\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5923\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5989\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGTG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5993\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7690\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1698\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7671\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7734\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7734\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7798\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7802\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9337\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnL\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9399\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e678\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnK\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTTT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10255\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGTC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10280\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10435\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e675\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnG\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11908\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11973\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTCC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e354\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnR\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12386\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTCG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12402\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGCA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnN\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12470\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGTT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnY\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12602\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGTA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnS\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12602\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnW\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTCA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13723\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e993\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnI\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13823\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl region\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13891\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14692\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e802\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnM\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14693\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14757\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnV\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14758\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003errnS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14841\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e760\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003etrnQ\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15608\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTTG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Nucleotide Composition\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe whole mitogenome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e consists of 37.5% A, 43.5% T, 7.9% C, and 11.1% G. It shows an obvious bias towards A\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;T (81.0%), with a negative AT skew of -0.074 and a positive GC skew of 0.171 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), similar to what is observed in other Eulophid species (Tang et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Tian et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The AT content of the four datasets comprising the complete mitogenome, protein-coding genes, tRNA genes, and rRNA genes of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e were 81.0%, 79.8%, 86.6%, and 86.0%, respectively. The AT content of 13 protein-coding genes ranged from 73.7% to 86.0%, with \u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e1 exhibiting the lowest value at 73.7% and \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2 the highest at 86.0%. Analysis of AT skew in each protein-coding gene revealed that, with the exception of the \u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e8 gene, 12 remaining protein-coding genes exhibited T bias. In contrast, in GC skew analysis, 4 protein-coding genes (\u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e8, \u003cem\u003ecyt\u003c/em\u003eb, \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2, and \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e6) showed C bias, while the remaining 9 protein-coding genes exhibited G bias.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNucleotide composition and skewness of the \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenome.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize(bp)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAT(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGC(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAT skewness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGC skewness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull genome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15690\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePCGs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etRNAs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1469\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erRNAs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2075\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl region\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e802\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.190\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e675\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e678\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ecytb\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e993\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e354\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.227\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e4\u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.368\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1698\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.316\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Protein-Coding Genes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total tandem length of 13 protein-coding genes in \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e is 11,082 bp, accounting for 70.63% of the entire mitogenome and encoding 3,681 amino acids. The amino acids were ranked by content in descending order as follows: Leu\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Ile\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Phe\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Ser\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Met\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Asn\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Val\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Tyr\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Gly\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Lys\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Pro\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Thr\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Ala\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Trp\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Glu\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;His\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Gln\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Asp\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Arg\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Cys, with Pro and Thr having identical percentages. Among these, Leu exhibited the highest relative content at 13.69%, whereas Cys showed the lowest, accounting for only 0.08%. RSCU values were calculated to measure the codon usage bias (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The codons with an RSCU value\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1.0 were defined as abundant codons. Relative codon usage analysis was performed on \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e, revealing 64 distinct codons in its coding sequences. A total of 29 codons showed RSCU\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1.0, of which 14 terminated in U and 15 in A (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Among these preferred codons, UUA had the highest usage frequency (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;393, RSCU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.68). Notably, all amino acids exhibited distinct codon usage biases, with preferences specifically for codons terminating in A or U (A/U at the third position). As illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, notable examples include: Leu preferring the codon UUA, Ile preferring AUU, Phe preferring UUU, and Met preferring AUA, among others. All PCGs start with typical ATN initiation codons, including one ATA (\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e3), six ATTs (\u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e1, \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e6, \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e5, \u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e2, \u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e8, and \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e2), and six ATGs (\u003cem\u003ecytb\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e4\u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003enad\u003c/em\u003e4, \u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e1, \u003cem\u003eatp\u003c/em\u003e6, and \u003cem\u003ecox\u003c/em\u003e3). All PCGs terminate with conventional stop TAA codon (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in the mitochondrial genome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCodon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCount\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRSCU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCodon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCount\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRSCU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCodon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCount\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRSCU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCodon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCount\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRSCU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUUU(F)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e388\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUCU(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUAU(Y)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUGU(C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUUC(F)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUCC(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUAC(Y)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUGC(C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUUA(L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e393\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUCA(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUAA(*)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUGA(W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUUG(L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUCG(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUAG(*)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUGG(W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCUU(L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCU(P)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAU(H)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGU(R)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCUC(L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCC(P)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAC(H)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGC(R)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCUA(L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCA(P)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAA(Q)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGA(R)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCUG(L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCG(P)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAG(Q)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGG(R)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAUU(I)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e421\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACU(T)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAAU(N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGU(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAUC(I)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACC(T)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAAC(N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGC(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAUA(M)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e322\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACA(T)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAAA(K)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGA(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAUG(M)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACG(T)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAAG(K)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGG(S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGUU(V)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGCU(A)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAU(D)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGGU(G)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGUC(V)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGCC(A)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAC(D)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGGC(G)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGUA(V)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGCA(A)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAA(E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGGA(G)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGUG(V)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGCG(A)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGAG(E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGGG(G)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.5 Transfer RNAs and Ribosomal RNAs\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e has 22 tRNAs, ranging from 59 to 76 bp in length. Fifteen of these tRNAs are located on the major coding strand (H-strand), and seven on the minor coding strand (L-strand). These tRNAs exhibit an AT bias (86.6%), similar to the overall mitogenomic composition. The AT and GC skew values are 0.030 and 0.218, respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The predicted secondary structure of all tRNAs in the \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenome is presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. With the exception of \u003cem\u003etrnR\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnS\u003c/em\u003e1, which lack both the dihydrouracil arm (DHU arm) and dihydrouracil ring (DHU ring), all the tRNAs are folded into typical clover-leaf secondary structures, consisting of four domains and a variable loop. \u003cem\u003etrnS\u003c/em\u003e1 lacks the DHU arm, which is almost ubiquitous in insect mitogenomes (Sun et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; J\u0026uuml;hling et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Cameron \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). In the 22 tRNAs of the \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e mitogenome, a total of 11 G-U base mismatches were detected: one mismatch in each of \u003cem\u003etrnD\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003etrnL\u003c/em\u003e1, \u003cem\u003etrnL\u003c/em\u003e2, and \u003cem\u003etrnP\u003c/em\u003e; two mismatches in each of \u003cem\u003etrnF\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnY\u003c/em\u003e; and three mismatches in \u003cem\u003etrnA\u003c/em\u003e (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The mitogenome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e also contains 2 rRNAs. \u003cem\u003errnL\u003c/em\u003e is 1,315 bp long and positioned between \u003cem\u003etrnA\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnL\u003c/em\u003e1, while \u003cem\u003errnS\u003c/em\u003e is 760 bp long and located between \u003cem\u003etrn\u003c/em\u003eV and t\u003cem\u003ernQ\u003c/em\u003e (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.6 Phylogenetic Relationships\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the current study, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships using complete mitogenome sequences. The primary objective was to gain insights into interrelationships within the Eulophidae clade, focusing on \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e. The phylogenetic relationships of Eulophidae were subsequently inferred via the ML and BI methods, based on the complete mitogenomes from \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e and other selected species. The two trees exhibited nearly congruent topologies. Therefore, we present the consensus tree, along with both Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap values, in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. The phylogenetic results revealed that all species of the family Eulophidae form a single well-supported clade, confirming that Eulophidae is a monophyletic group with strong statistical support. Within Eulophidae, the two tribes Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae were also recovered as monophyletic. \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eNecremnus\u003c/em\u003e form a tightly clustered subclade, with the four \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e species coalescing into a single clade. Within this clade, \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus poppoea\u003c/em\u003e are sister groups, representing the closest relatives (posterior probability of 1; bootstrap value of 100%). Rao et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) reconstructed a ML phylogenetic tree using 13 protein-coding genes derived from four species within the family Eulophidae. The phylogenetic results revealed that all species belonging to the family Eulophidae form a single well-supported clade, confirming that Eulophidae is a monophyletic group with strong statistical support. The phylogenetic relationships within the family Eulophidae inferred in this study are generally consistent with previous findings \u003csup\u003e[54\u0026ndash;55]\u003c/sup\u003e and congruent with conclusions from traditional taxonomy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe obtained the first complete mitogenome sequence of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e through next-generation sequencing. We characterized the mitogenomic architecture of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e and found that it shares many significant features with other Eulophidae species, including gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage bias, and one control region between \u003cem\u003etrnI\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003etrnM\u003c/em\u003e. Phylogenetic trees constructed using all 37 mitochondrial genes, which revealed the phylogenetic relationships of Eulophidae, aligning with previous studies in this respect. The phylogenetic results revealed that all species belonging to the family Eulophidae form a single well-supported clade, confirming that Eulophidae is a monophyletic group with strong statistical support. \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus poppoea\u003c/em\u003e form a well-supported sister group, representing the species with the closest phylogenetic relationship within the analyzed taxa. This inferred close phylogenetic affinity is highly consistent with their morphological characteristics. The newly determined mitogenome sequence of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e enables us to view the genus \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e from a perspective differing from that of morphology-based taxonomy. There is a pressing need to acquire more mitogenomic data from Eulophidae species to improve our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the family Eulophidae.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070472) and National Animal Collection Resource Center, China (No. 202406120003).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eF: Formal analysis, Writing \u0026ndash; original draft, Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing. G: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing. X: Methodology, Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing. M: Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing. H: Funding acquisition, Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data presented in this study were deposited in the NCBI repository (accession numbers PX395427).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBader AE, Heinz KM, Wharton RA, Bogr\u0026aacute;n CE (2006) Assessment of interspecific interactions among parasitoids on the outcome of inoculative biological control of leafminers attacking chrysanthemum. 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Orient insects 34(1):263\u0026ndash;288. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2000.10417266\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/00305316.2000.10417266\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"biochemical-genetics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bigi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Biochemical Genetics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10528)","snPcode":"10528","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10528/3","title":"Biochemical Genetics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Diglyphus sabulosus, Mitochondrial genome, Phylogenetic relationship, Newly recorded species from China","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8308075/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8308075/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e Walker, 1844 is an economically important genus which many species acting as biocontrol agents against agromyzid leafminer pests, but there is a lack of mitogenomic data on the evolutionary relationships within this genus, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its evolutionary history. we used traditional morphological methods to identify species, and present the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence and characterization of features of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e and further infer its phylogenetic position based on the complete mitochondrial genome sequence. The complete mitochondrial genome of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e is 15,690 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The AT content of the whole genome sequence was 81.0%, indicating a significant AT bias. All 13 protein-coding genes have the typical ATN as the start codon and TAA as the stop codon. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from the complete mitogenome revealed that all species within the family Eulophidae constituted a monophyletic clade, supporting the monophyly of this family. \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus poppoea\u003c/em\u003e form a well-supported sister group, representing the species with the closest phylogenetic relationship within the analyzed taxa. This inferred close phylogenetic affinity is highly consistent with their morphological characteristics, which exhibit the highest degree of similarity among the studied species. In this study, the mitogenome structure was analyzed and the taxonomic status of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus sabulosus\u003c/em\u003e was clarified, thus providing a theoretical basis for understanding the phylogenetic relationships of \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Newly Recorded Chinese Species of Diglyphus sabulosus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Insights into Its Phylogenetic Position","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-25 14:29:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8308075/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-05T03:14:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-05T02:44:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"114678950677290484947575524529732253628","date":"2026-01-05T01:54:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-05T01:06:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-04T08:01:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"77031666169601270090029983212727975952","date":"2025-12-24T07:02:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"228176095369978464777046519843488844296","date":"2025-12-24T02:00:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-24T00:23:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-11T07:56:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-11T07:55:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Biochemical Genetics","date":"2025-12-08T12:56:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"biochemical-genetics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bigi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Biochemical Genetics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10528)","snPcode":"10528","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10528/3","title":"Biochemical Genetics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3e583e70-3c91-41f6-8bab-6a1d6ec02ccc","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-04T16:32:45+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8308075","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-026-11382-6","journal":{"identity":"biochemical-genetics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Biochemical Genetics"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-30 15:57:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 30th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-25 14:29:42","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10528-026-11382-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-026-11382-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8308075","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8308075","identity":"rs-8308075","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}