Rapid Microwave Synthesis of β-SnWO4 Nanoparticles: An Efficient Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Here, we report a facile synthesis of β-SnWO 4 nanoparticles via microwave heat treatment using SnCl 2 and H 2 WO 4 , in the presence of tamarind seed powder. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline nature, revealing a cubic structure of β-SnWO 4 nanoparticles. Morphological features were visualized using a scanning electron microscope which exhibited homogenously distributed clusters of nanoparticles which were further confirmed using transmission electron microscope. The micrographs also displayed some porosity. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the elemental contents such as tin, oxygen and tungsten in the same stoichiometric ratio as expected by the respective empirical formula. High-resolution transmission electron microscope was used to find the d-spacing which was ultimately used to analyze the structural parameters. The spectrum obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illuminates different stretching vibrations. Additionally, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis was carried out to investigate N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm as well as to govern the pore size distribution. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were implemented to analyze the ongoing electrode reactions throughout the charge/discharge for β-SnWO 4 nanostructures. The galvanometric charge/discharge curves for β-SnWO 4 have also been discussed. A high specific capacitance (600 mAhg -1 at 0.1 C) and excellent columbic efficiency (~100%) was achieved.