Theoretical Proof and Implementation of Balance Conditions for Simultaneous Open Stop Band Suppression and Circular Polarization in Slot-Loaded Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antennas

Theoretical Proof and Implementation of Balance Conditions for Simultaneous Open Stop Band Suppression and Circular Polarization in Slot-Loaded Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antennas | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Theoretical Proof and Implementation of Balance Conditions for Simultaneous Open Stop Band Suppression and Circular Polarization in Slot-Loaded Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antennas Saeed Barzegari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7133312/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This manuscript presents a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study on rectangular waveguide (RW)-based leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) with longitudinal and transverse slots. The main contributions are as follows. First, it is theoretically demonstrated that the longitudinal slot operates in the shunt mode, while the transverse slot corresponds to the series mode. Second, it is proven that for the TE 10 mode, achieving a shunt radiation mode requires an asymmetric structure with respect to the longitudinal axis. Third, it is shown that a 90° phase difference exists between the series and shunt components; thus, by properly adjusting the longitudinal asymmetry, circular polarization (CP) can be realized. Fourth, balance conditions are derived to simultaneously suppress the open stop band (OSB) and achieve CP radiation. Finally, based on the proposed theory, two periodic slot-loaded LWAs are designed, and one prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured results validate the theoretical findings, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Asymmetry Leaky-wave antenna (LWA) Open stop band (OSB) Circular polarization (CP) Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7133312","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":489352056,"identity":"734e6add-9f48-43b4-9739-90dff1d15f48","order_by":0,"name":"Saeed Barzegari","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Tarbiat Modares University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saeed","middleName":"","lastName":"Barzegari","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-15 18:23:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7133312/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7133312/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":90935598,"identity":"613e7981-e358-49dc-a70e-e161b60be0fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-09 17:01:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1123395,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperNew.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7133312/v1_covered_c37d4eee-2d0e-4b97-b66f-0bd84e62ec4b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Theoretical Proof and Implementation of Balance Conditions for Simultaneous Open Stop Band Suppression and Circular Polarization in Slot-Loaded Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antennas","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Asymmetry, Leaky-wave antenna (LWA), Open stop band (OSB), Circular polarization (CP), Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7133312/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7133312/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript presents a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study on rectangular waveguide (RW)-based leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) with longitudinal and transverse slots. The main contributions are as follows. First, it is theoretically demonstrated that the longitudinal slot operates in the shunt mode, while the transverse slot corresponds to the series mode. Second, it is proven that for the TE\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e mode, achieving a shunt radiation mode requires an asymmetric structure with respect to the longitudinal axis. Third, it is shown that a 90\u0026deg; phase difference exists between the series and shunt components; thus, by properly adjusting the longitudinal asymmetry, circular polarization (CP) can be realized. Fourth, balance conditions are derived to simultaneously suppress the open stop band (OSB) and achieve CP radiation. Finally, based on the proposed theory, two periodic slot-loaded LWAs are designed, and one prototype is fabricated. 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