The Effects of Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptability on the Quality of Romantic Relationships of Institutions of Higher Education Students-The Mediating Role of Attachment: A Case Study of Undergraduates Students in Higher Education

The Effects of Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptability on the Quality of Romantic Relationships of Institutions of Higher Education Students-The Mediating Role of Attachment: A Case Study of Undergraduates Students in Higher Education | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Effects of Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptability on the Quality of Romantic Relationships of Institutions of Higher Education Students-The Mediating Role of Attachment: A Case Study of Undergraduates Students in Higher Education Nanlan WANG, Yanan GAO, Tianming CHEN, Quanyu MENG, Xuan LIN, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6916868/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background This empirical inquiry seeks to delineate the effects of family-of-origin dynamics, as moderated by individual attachment orientations, on the relational quality of intimate partnerships among undergraduate populations. Specifically, the research will focus on the interplay between familial intimacy and adaptability constructs, and the corresponding secure and insecure attachment patterns manifest in adult relationships. Methods A total of 421 full-time undergraduate students enrolled in six universities in Beijing including Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Tsinghua University, Peking University (including the Ministry of Medicine), Renmin University of China, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics were administered a questionnaire, which included the Chinese version of the Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptation Scale (FACES II-CV), the Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAS). A total of 421 questionnaires were sent out, 421 questionnaires were returned, and a total of 384 questionnaires were determined to be valid according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were statistically analysed using SPSS 27.0. Results ①Family intimacy was significantly positively correlated with the quality of college students‘ marital relationship (r = 0.319, p < 0.01), and significantly positively correlated with attachment security (r = 0.370, p < 0.01); family adaptability was significantly positively correlated with the quality of college students’ romantic relationship (0.322, p < 0.01), and significantly positively correlated with attachment security (r = 0.386, p < 0.01); family security was significantly positively correlated with college students‘ romantic relationship quality (r = 0.386, p < 0.01); and family adaptation was significantly positively correlated with college students’ romantic relationship quality (r = 0.322, p < 0.01), and significantly positively correlated with attachment security (r = 0.386, p < 0.01); attachment security was significantly correlated with the quality of college students‘ romantic relationship (r = 0.417, p 0.05), and attachment insecurity was insignificantly correlated with the quality of college students’ romantic relationship (r=-0.017, p>0.05). (ii) Family-of-origin functioning has a direct positive predictive effect on college students‘ romantic relationship quality (r = 0.319, r = 0.322, p < 0.01), and it is proved that attachment security plays a fully mediating role between family-of-origin functioning and college students’ romantic relationship quality, and attachment insecurity does not play a mediating role between family-of-origin functioning and college students' romantic relationship quality. Conclusion Family-of-origin function can not only directly influence college students‘ view of marriage and relationship, but also indirectly influence college students’ view of marriage and relationship through attachment security. Family of origin function Marriage concept Adult attachment Mediating role College education Figures Figure 1 Introduction 1.1 Context of the times Relationship satisfaction is the degree to which college students perceive, evaluate, and experience subjective feelings about pleasure, satisfaction, and happiness in their romantic relationships. Highly satisfying relationships help to produce stable and satisfying marriages,and serve as a subjective assessment of the quality of one's romantic relationship 1 . Romantic intimacy not only satisfies basic human needs for belonging and caring, but is also an important source of social support to maintain physical and mental health 2 . According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the main developmental task of college students is to establish intimate relationships and avoid loneliness. If this task is well developed, the virtue of love will be formed 3 . Among the many factors exploring the psychological development of college students, we find that romantic relationships play a unique and crucial role. On the one hand, romantic relationships have a significant positive effect on satisfying the sense of belonging and emotional needs of college students. In this kind of intimate interpersonal interaction, individuals can not only feel deeply understood and accepted by their partners, but also experience the care and attention provided by their partners, and this kind of emotional exchange and interaction can help enhance their sense of security and satisfaction. Romantic relationships require individuals to invest sincere emotions and expect to receive emotional responses from their partners, and this two-way emotional exchange helps to establish a stable and deep interpersonal relationship. On the other hand, romantic relationships have an inescapable impact on the establishment of college students' sense of self-worth. In romantic interactions, sweet words between partners are usually full of appreciation and affection for each other, and such positive emotional expressions not only satisfy college students' needs for recognition and affirmation by others, but also help to enhance their self-esteem and self-efficacy. This kind of emotional support and positive feedback in romantic relationships is psychologically important for college students to establish their self-identity and self-worth, and to satisfy their needs for belonging and intimacy. Therefore, romantic relationships are not only an important part of college students' emotional life, but also an important driving force for psychological development and personal growth. High-quality romantic relationships play an indispensable role in promoting the overall development of college students, not only have a positive impact on their physical and psychological health 4 , but also effectively satisfy the sense of belonging and emotional needs, laying a solid foundation for future marital life, and showing significant effects in relieving academic pressure, promoting personality maturity and integrating personality structure. As a kind of deep social interaction, romantic experience has a profound significance in reconciling the conflict between intimacy and independence, significantly enhancing the perception of self-worth and improving the sense of self-efficacy 5 . Long-term stable romantic relationships can stimulate personal potential, explore and consolidate positive traits in personality, and further enhance self-efficacy and overall sense of value of individuals, thus playing a more significant role in personal growth and social adaptation. Nevertheless, low relationship satisfaction may lead to a series of negative consequences, which cover a wide range of interpersonal dimensions, including but not limited to the weakening of interpersonal skills, the frequency of conflict and aggression, as well as parent-child and teacher-student relationships, all of which are not conducive to the creation of a harmonious social environment. This situation not only hinders the civilisation of campus culture, but also poses a challenge to the effective operation of the campus management system, with negative impacts on individual students, educational institutions, families, and even society as a whole, constituting a multifaceted and unfavourable situation. Further, the lack of relationship satisfaction is one of the most important factors leading to psychological distress among college students, which may contribute to the emergence of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Low levels of relationship satisfaction can also exacerbate an individual's self-depreciation and increase hostility and defensiveness toward others, which not only hinders students' social interaction skills, but may also have a long-term negative impact on their academic performance and sometimes even lead to serious impairment of physical and mental health 6 . A comprehensive study by Feng Rong and Ma Xiting pointed out that relationship problems accounted for 12.9% of undergraduate psychological counselling cases, which ranked third among the counselling problems 7 , and this data indirectly reflects the low quality of college students' romantic relationships, indicating that many students fail to fully enjoy the happiness and psychological satisfaction brought about by healthy romantic relationships. In recent years, a number of extreme incidents triggered by the frustration of romantic relationships have not only caused far-reaching impacts on the students involved, but also brought about a wide range of negative effects on the society, highlighting the serious consequences that may be caused by improper handling of college students' romantic relationship problems. In view of this, it is particularly urgent and important to explore and study the psychological state of college students' romantic relationships, aiming at analysing the internal mechanism and external influencing factors that affect the development of romantic relationships in a negative direction. 1.2 Research Status Comprehensive domestic and international research, Dinero RE, Conger RD et 8 al found that the observed ratings of warmth and sensitivity in family interactions were positively correlated with similar behaviours and attachment security of romantic partners, emphasizing the importance of intimate relationships in the development of romantic attachment security. Indicators of relationship quality include relationship satisfaction, romantic relationship, etc., and the study of Dinero RE, Conger RD et al. can reflect that there is an effect between family of origin, romantic relationship quality and attachment security. Gao B et 9 al pointed out that perceived partner modesty has a significant positive predictive utility on college students' intimate relationship satisfaction, emphasising the important value of modesty in youth romantic relationships. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, individuals with high humility demonstrate self-perceived accuracy, avoid self-aggrandisement, and have the courage to admit flaws and apologise for mistakes, which is conducive to deepening mutual understanding between partners, enhancing emotional connection, and thus increasing overall satisfaction with intimate relationships 10 . Perceived partner humility can also increase intimacy satisfaction by stimulating individuals to think differently and reduce egocentricity 11 . In summary, there is an effect of attachment on the quality of romantic relationships. 1.3 Problem Extrapolation In summary, this study aims to deeply analyse how adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) mediates the process of family-of-origin function on the formation of college students' romantic relationship quality. At present, domestic and international research on family of origin intimacy and adaptability on college students‘ relationship quality is still insufficient, and the research on adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) as a mediator variable in the relationship between family of origin intimacy and adaptability and college students’ relationship quality development is also insufficient. In light of these research shortcomings, this paper proposes the following innovative hypothesis: adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) mediates the effect of family-of-origin functioning on college students' romantic relationship perceptions. The hypothesised model is shown in Fig. 1 . To this end, this study explored the complex interplay mechanisms among the five to fill the existing academic gap. In addition, the expected results of this study are expected to provide educational practitioners and psychologists with a solid theoretical foundation and practical operational guidelines to help them more accurately understand and intervene in college students with insecure attachment patterns, so as to make their relationship perceptions and behaviours develop in a positive way. Preliminary predictions indicate that adult attachment type plays an indispensable mediating role in the influence of family-of-origin environment on the quality of college students' romantic relationships. Research Objective and Methodology 2.1 Research Subjects A total of 421 full-time undergraduate students from five representative universities in Beijing were selected for the questionnaire survey, and the questionnaire was screened in accordance with the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: (Ⅰ) full-time undergraduate students aged 18-24 years old enrolled in all municipal districts under Beijing; (Ⅱ) the response time was ≥180 seconds; (Ⅲ) the respondent had signed an informed consent form and agreed to be the subject of the interview; (Ⅳ) The project has been reviewed by the Ethics Review Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ Beijing Union Medical College, and there is no ethical problem. Exclusion criteria: (Ⅰ) Answering time<180 seconds; (Ⅱ) Options have obvious random answering patterns, such as the same options for all entries, etc.; (Ⅲ) Disclosure of personal information for the study is not accepted; (Ⅳ) Multiple questionnaires with identical answers and suspected ghostwriting by others. A total of 421 questionnaires were put out and 383 questionnaires were recovered, including valid questionnaires, with a recovery rate of 74.65%, of which 146 (38.12%) were male and 237 (61.88%) were female; age 20.2 years old; whether they had ever been in a relationship or not: yes 55.87%, no 44.13%. Grade level: freshman 28.98%; sophomore 28.46%; junior 16.19%; senior 26.37%. Among them, 200 questionnaires were randomly selected for correlation analysis using SPSS27.0/ SAS software. During the same period, the mediating role played by adult attachment (attachment-secure, attachment-insecure) between the individual's family-of-origin functioning and marital relationship views was analysed and discussed based on the scores of each part of this questionnaire. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 General information questionnaire, which was designed by the researcher based on literature search, including age, gender, grade, relationship experience and other four items. 2.2.2 Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, Second Edition (FACES II - CV) 12 to measure and assess college students' family-of-origin functioning. The scale consists of two factors, intimacy and adaptability, with a total of 30 items, and the results are calculated by a 5-point scale, with 1 representing very incompatible, 5 representing very compatible, and 2-4 in increasing order of compatibility, which is used to assess the functioning and adaptability of the family of origin, and the higher the score is, the better the functioning of the family of origin is 13 . The scale has good reliability and validity 14 . 2.2.3 The Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) 15 was used to assess the attachment security and attachment insecurity of individuals accordingly. The Adult Attachment Questionnaire has a total of 18 entries and contains three subscales, namely, the closeness subscale, the dependence subscale and the anxiety subscale, which uses the Likert 7-point scoring method to count the results, with 1 representing a very non-conformity, 7 representing a very conformity, and 2-6 conformity in increasing order. The closeness-dependence composite dimension score can be calculated based on the closeness-dependence composite dimension [mean closeness-dependence score = (total score of closeness subscale + total score of dependence subscale)/12], which can be categorised as an attachment-secure type of score; and the anxiety subscale score can be categorised as an attachment insecure type of score. The scale had good reliability and validity 16 . 2.2.4 The Quality of Relationship Index (QRI) 17 scale was used, which was developed by Patrick et al. and the Chinese version was revised by Qiu Shasha. The scale has 6 entries, and the results were counted using a Likert 7-point scale, with 1 representing strong disagreement, 7 representing complete agreement, and 2-6 in increasing order of agreement. In this study, QRI was used to score the view of marriage, and the scale had good reliability and validity 18 . 2.3 Statistical processing In this study, valid data were entered using Excel, and correlation and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS27.0 and SAS. Independent samples non parametric test was used to compare attachment security, attachment insecurity, FACES II-CV score, and QRI score of different respondents' portraits; product difference correlation analyses were used to explore the correlation between family-of-origin functioning, adult attachment-attachment security, adult attachment-attachment insecurity, and marital attachment views, respectively; Bootstrap method was used to test the correlation between adult attachment attachment security and mediating role of adult attachment-attachment insecurity in the relationship between family-of-origin functioning and marital outlook. Results 3.1 Comparison of the scores of each scale in different respondents' portraits The results in Table 1 Comparison of scores on each scale for different respondent portraits (PLT) show that in terms of attachment security, there is a significant difference between whether or not there was a romantic experience during undergraduate studies (p < 0.05), and those who had a romantic experience during undergraduate studies had higher attachment security scores than those who did not have a romantic experience during undergraduate studies, and there was no significant effect of gender, age, and grade on attachment security scores (p > 0.05). In terms of attachment insecurity, family-family closeness, and family family adaptability scores, there were no significant differences between those who had romantic experiences during undergraduate studies, gender, age, and grade (p > 0.05). In terms of relationship quality scores, there was a significant difference between whether or not they had a relationship experience during undergraduate studies and age (p < 0.05), and those who had a relationship experience during undergraduate studies had higher QRI scores than those who did not have a relationship experience during undergraduate studies, with 21-year-old undergraduates having the highest relationship quality scores (0.54 (-0.04 ~ 1)) and 19-year-old undergraduates having the lowest QRI scores (-0.1 (-1.15 ~ 0.57)), gender and grade had no significant effect on relationship quality scores (p > 0.05). Table 1 Comparison of scores on each scale for different respondent portraits (PLT) Attachment Security Score Attachment Insecurity Score Relationship Quality Score Family Family Intimacy Score Family Home Adaptation Score Whether or not you were in a relationship during your undergraduate studies Yes 0.15(-0.46 ~ 1) -0.05(-1 ~ 0.9) 0.42(-0.42 ~ 1) 0.19(-0.75 ~ 0.74) 0.22(-0.79 ~ 0.76) No -0.2(-0.78 ~ 0.5) 0.11(-0.84 ~ 0.74) -0.04(-1.15 ~ 0.48) 0.19(-0.68 ~ 0.65) 0.04(-0.68 ~ 0.67) Z -3.522 -0.262 -4.511 -0.352 -0.659 p <0.001 0.793 <0.001 0.724 0.51 Gender Male 0.03(-0.55 ~ 0.73) -0.05(-1 ~ 0.78) 0.36(-0.77 ~ 0.89) 0.19(-0.57 ~ 0.65) 0.22(-0.59 ~ 0.69) Female 0.03(-0.67 ~ 0.73) 0.11(-0.84 ~ 0.9) 0.07(-0.74 ~ 0.77) 0.1(-0.82 ~ 0.7) 0.13(-0.77 ~ 0.76) Z -0.082 -1.068 -1.822 -0.473 -0.402 p 0.934 0.286 0.068 0.636 0.688 Age 18 -0.08(-0.55 ~ 0.85) -0.13(-0.96 ~ 1.06) 0.01(-0.74 ~ 0.98) 0.47(-0.45 ~ 1.34) 0.26(-0.23 ~ 1.23) 19 0.15(-0.67 ~ 0.85) 0.11(-1 ~ 0.74) -0.1(-1.15 ~ 0.57) 0.1(-0.66 ~ 0.58) 0.17(-0.86 ~ 0.76) 20 0.03(-0.67 ~ 0.73) -0.05(-0.96 ~ 0.86) 0.07(-1.09 ~ 0.77) 0.15(-0.8 ~ 0.81) 0.22(-1.02 ~ 0.83) 21 -0.2(-0.55 ~ 0.73) 0.27(-0.68 ~ 0.9) 0.54(-0.04 ~ 1) 0.28(-0.73 ~ 0.56) 0.4(-0.59 ~ 0.67) 22 -0.08(-0.67 ~ 0.65) 0.03(-0.88 ~ 0.9) 0.19(-0.42 ~ 0.89) 0.01(-0.82 ~ 0.74) 0.04(-0.61 ~ 0.67) Degree of freedom 4 4 4 4 4 p 0.927 0.894 0.005 0.438 0.537 freshman 0.15(-0.55 ~ 0.85) -0.05(-1 ~ 0.74) 0.07(-0.74 ~ 0.89) 0.19(-0.45 ~ 0.84) 0.22(-0.41 ~ 0.67) sophomore 0.03(-0.55 ~ 0.85) 0.27(-0.84 ~ 0.9) 0.19(-0.86 ~ 0.77) 0.19(-0.73 ~ 0.74) 0.31(-0.9 ~ 0.85) junior -0.32(-1.16 ~ 0.53) 0.19(-1.16 ~ 0.9) 0.3(-1.09 ~ 0.89) 0.19(-0.82 ~ 0.65) 0.31(-0.75 ~ 0.76) senior -0.08(-0.67 ~ 0.73) 0.11(-0.84 ~ 0.9) 0.3(-0.39 ~ 0.89) -0.08(-0.91 ~ 0.61) -0.05(-0.86 ~ 0.58) Degree of freedom 3 3 3 3 3 p 0.243 0.338 0.373 0.27 0.165 3.2 Relationship between family-of-origin functioning, marital outlook and attachment Table 2 shows that attachment security scores were not correlated with attachment insecurity scores, and were significantly correlated with relationship quality, family-family closeness and family-family adaptability scores (p < 0.01). Whereas, attachment insecurity score was not correlated with attachment security, relationship quality, family home intimacy and family home adaptability scores. Table 2 Relationship between family-of-origin functioning, marital outlook and attachment Variables Attachment Security Score Attachment Insecurity Score Relationship Quality Score Family Intimacy Score Family Adaptation Score Attachment Security Score 1 Attachment Insecurity Score -0.097 1 Relationship Quality Score .417** -0.017 1 Family Intimacy Score .370** -0.057 .319** 1 Family Adaptation Score .386** 0.013 .322** .788** 1 Note : *P < 0.05,**P < 0.01,***P < 0.001. 3.3 Mediating role of adult attachment between family closeness, family adjustment and relationship quality Using the scores of the two FACES II - CV dimensions as the independent variable, the scores of the two AAS dimensions as the mediator variable, and the QRI scores as the dependent variable, we examined the relationship between family closeness, family adaptability, and relationship quality, including the direct effect and the indirect effect mediated by attachment security and attachment insecurity. The significance of the constructed mediated effects model was tested using the nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method 19 , with a sample of 5000, and the 95% confidence intervals for each of the pass-through coefficients were tested. Table 3 shows that the direct effect of family closeness on relationship quality was not significant, and the regression coefficients a and b of the pathway of attachment security were significant, indicating that attachment security played a fully mediating role in the relationship between family closeness and relationship quality; the regression coefficients a of family closeness through the pathway of attachment insecurity were significant, b was not significant and the mediation effect value was not significant, indicating that attachment insecurity in the relationship between family closeness, family adaptability and relationship quality do not play a mediating role in the relationship. The direct effect of family adaptability on relationship quality was not significant, and the regression coefficients a and b of the path of attachment insecurity were significant, indicating that attachment insecurity played a fully mediating role in the relationship between family adaptability and relationship quality; the regression coefficients a and b of family adaptability through the path of attachment insecurity as well as the mediating effect values were not significant, indicating that attachment insecurity could not play a mediating role. Table 3 Breakdown of total, direct and mediating effects c a b a*b a*b a*b a*b a*b c’ Effect proportion Total effect Mediation effect value (Boot SE) (z ) (p ) (95% BootCI) Direct effect Family Intimacy = > Attachment Security Score => Relationship Quality 0.029* 0.011* 0.739** 0.008 0.025 0.329 0.742 0.005 ~ 0.104 0.021 100% Family Intimacy = > Attachment Insecurity = > Relationship Quality 0.029* -0.017* 0.032 -0.001 0.009 -0.061 0.951 -0.029 ~ 0.009 0.021 0% Family Adaptation = > Attachment Security = > Relationship Quality 0.028* 0.016** 0.739** 0.012 0.028 0.417 0.677 0.029 ~ 0.144 0.016 100% Family Adaptation = > Attachment Insecurity = > Relationship Quality 0.028* 0.014 0.032 0 0.008 0.057 0.955 -0.007 ~ 0.029 0.016 0% Note : *P < 0.05,**p < 0.01,***P < 0.001; Bootstrap type: bias-corrected Bootstrap method. Discussion 4.1 Summary This study explored the influencing factors and internal action mechanisms of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability on the quality of college students' romantic relationships through a questionnaire survey. The results show that family-of-origin closeness and adaptability not only directly affect the quality of college students‘ romantic relationships, but also indirectly affect college students’ outlook on marriage and love through attachment security. That is, the higher the ratings of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the ratings of college students' romantic relationship quality. This finding reveals that the higher the level of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the satisfaction of college students with their romantic relationships and the higher their happiness during the relationship. Meanwhile, attachment security mediates the relationship between family-of-origin closeness and adaptability and college students' romantic relationship quality, i.e., for individuals with lower family-of-origin closeness and adaptability scores, the scores of their romantic relationship quality can be effectively improved by enhancing the trait of secure attachment, which tends to make their relationship satisfaction during the relationship towards the positive trait. In summary, this paper provides theoretical and practical guidance for further understanding of the influencing factors of contemporary college students' romantic relationship quality, and also provides educators and psychologists with more precise theoretical basis and practical guidance for college student populations with problems of family-of-origin intimacy and adaptability. The study will be piloted in the psychological counselling centres of various universities to provide psychological counselling to support college students who are affected by their families of origin and display insecure attachment patterns. A series of personalised psychological support and interventions will be provided to meet the unique needs of individuals. This study explored the influence factors and internal mechanism of family of origin intimacy and adaptability on the quality of college students' romantic relationships through a questionnaire survey. The results showed that family-of origin closeness and adaptability not only directly affect the quality of college students‘ romantic relationships, but also indirectly affect college students’ outlook on marriage through attachment security. That is, the higher the ratings of family of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the ratings of college students' romantic relationship quality. This finding reveals that the higher the level of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the satisfaction of college students with their romantic relationships and the higher their happiness during the relationship. Meanwhile, attachment security mediates the relationship between family-of-origin closeness and adaptability and college students' romantic relationship quality, i.e., for individuals with lower family-of-origin closeness and adaptability scores, the scores of their romantic relationship quality can be effectively improved by enhancing the trait of secure attachment, which tends to make their relationship satisfaction during the relationship towards the positive trait. In summary, this paper provides theoretical and practical guidance for further understanding of the influencing factors of contemporary college students' romantic relationship quality, and also provides educators and psychologists with more precise theoretical basis and practical guidance for college student populations with problems of family-of-origin intimacy and adaptability. The study will be piloted in the psychological counselling centres of various universities to provide psychological counselling to support college students who are affected by their families of origin and display insecure attachment patterns. And to provide a series of personalised psychological support and interventions to address the unique needs of individuals. In nowdays society, the quality of college students' romantic relationships is an important prerequisite and guide for the formation of the concept of marriage and love, and a good romantic relationship not only contributes to the healthy physical and mental development of college students, but also satisfies their need for belonging and love, and prepares them for further marriage life. The State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Medium and Long-term Youth Development Plan (2016–2025) for the first time in 2017, emphasising that it guides young people to establish a civilised, healthy and rational concept of marriage and love 20 . College students' concept of marriage and parenthood not only affects their individual marriage and family choices as well as their life development path, but will also profoundly affect China's fertility level, demographic structure, and intergenerational pension support system 21 . Nowadays, college students' concept of marriage and love is affected by multiple factors such as the flood of information in the Internet era and the prevalence of materialism and hedonism in the society, which shows the weakening of the traditional concept of marriage and love as well as the lack of a sense of responsibility in the tendency of materialism and hedonism 22 , the lack of interpersonal skills 23 , and the bias in the cognition of love, which is regarded as a necessity of life or as a game 24 , and other problems. As an important link between the education system and society, college students, as the backbone of the youth group, are expected to become the main force of marriage and parenthood in the next ten years 25 , and their views on marriage and love are extremely important to the ecology of marriage and love in the society and the future development of the population. Therefore, the family unit, all sectors of society and the new media platform should take active actions to build correct marriage values to promote the formation of a harmonious relationship environment; the higher the satisfaction of college students' relationship, the more civilised, healthy, rational and positive marriage values tend to be, which is in line with the public order and morals of contemporary society. In addition, by creating a positive atmosphere of social opinion and promoting mainstream cultural values, college students can be effectively guided to treat marriage and love in a rational manner, and develop their emotional intelligence, self-esteem and self-confidence. This not only helps to improve the ideological and moral cultivation of college students, but also provides strong support for their overall healthy growth and career development. 4.2 Shortcomings and Prospects Although this study explored the mediating role of adult attachment-attachment security in the influence of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability on the quality of college students‘ romantic relationships, there are still the following shortcomings: (Ⅰ)As verified in this paper, attachment insecurity does not play a mediating role in the influence of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability on the quality of college students’ romantic relationships in Beijing, which is not in line with the hypothesis, and the subsequent research can focus on the exploration of this issue.(Ⅱ)The study was conducted only among full-time undergraduates, so the generalisability of the findings may be somewhat limited. In future studies, by differentiating and controlling for the geographic distribution of the subjects' families of origin, and focusing on undergraduate groups with different regional upbringing backgrounds and family education modes, the unique influence of family education on the quality of romantic relationships can be explored in greater depth. In addition, by comparing and analysing research data on the quality of romantic relationships among college students from other regions, the potential role of geographical family education characteristics in the quality of romantic relationships can be indirectly assessed. (Ⅲ) This study used a questionnaire for data collection, but it is worth noting that this method may be affected by social expectation bias, i.e., respondents may not fully report their true feelings truthfully due to social approbability 26 . (Ⅳ) This study focuses on students enrolled in the top 10 universities in mainland China, which may limit the generalizability of the study, but it provides a valuable frame of reference for exploring mental health and related issues at different levels of education. Higher education institutions tend to emphasize the development of students' critical thinking and problem analysis skills, and this educational orientation has led to higher levels of these abilities among college students. As a result, they may be inclined to apply a critical perspective to their considerations during partner selection, which reflects a rational tendency in the decision-making process. In addition, individuals with higher educational backgrounds are usually better at handling complex situations and communicating their personal ideas effectively, and thus tertiary students demonstrate superior communication skills, which may translate into an advantage when dealing with emotional affairs and positively affect the quality of romantic relationships.College students also enjoy broader career paths, better job prospects, and higher income expectations, which undoubtedly have an impact on their social attractiveness and partner selection criteria. At the level of emotional intelligence, they tend to possess more delicate emotional perception and social relationship analysis ability, which provide favorable conditions for effective resolution of emotional conflicts and promotion of emotional deepening. However, it is important to note that a high level of education is not a direct indicator of mental health. Some tertiary students may reveal a lack of psychological resilience in the face of heavy academic burdens, which not only affects their personal well-being, but may also spill over into the judgment of partner choice and the quality of romantic relationship maintenance. In summary, although tertiary students demonstrate strengths in a variety of areas, their emotional lives are also constrained by the particular challenges of the educational environment, which provides rich perspectives and room for in-depth exploration. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This article complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Nuremberg Code, and the research does not involve human blood specimens or other human tissues. All data in this article are solely used for scientific research purposes and will not be disclosed to third parties or the general public. This work constitutes a fundamental psychological study and does not involve any infringement upon the human dignity of natural persons or harm to their personal and property safety. Personal information covered herein includes biometric data, religious beliefs, specific identities, financial accounts, movement trajectories, and other such details, and explicitly excludes personal information of natural persons under the age of 14. All data have undergone anonymization processing of personal information and cannot be restored to their original state. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The data supporting the findings of this study can be requested from the corresponding author. However, the data are not publicly available as they are subject to privacy and ethical restrictions. Competing interests There are no conflicts of interest among the authors of this article, and the authorship order of the article has been approved by all the authors. Funding No foundation supporting Authors' contributions Nanlan WANG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft. Yanan GAO: Investigation, Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Tianming CHEN: Project initiation, supervision of overall project progression, guidance of all work, and final manuscript approval. (as Corresponding author). Quanyu MENG: Software, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. Xuan LIN: Investigation, Resources, Validation. Xiaojuan ZHANG: Investigation, Data curation, Methodology. Boyu WANG: Software, Formal analysis, Visualization. Yanzhen LIU: Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Yunqi SHAO: Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing. Tao LIU: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Project administration. Acknowledgements We extend our sincere gratitude to the following individuals for their substantial support throughout various stages of the writing process of this undergraduate research paper. Due to insufficient author contributions, they were not included in the author list, but we still express our heartfelt appreciation. The detailed list is as follows: Tingfang LIU from Peking University; Jianhong YAO from China General Technology (Group) Holding Co., Ltd.; Weixing SHEN from Tsinghua University; Huan WANG and Zhenling MA from Peking Union Medical College; Zhiyuan WANG from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; Shangwen WU from Nankai University; Xinwei WANG from Tsinghua University; Zhenwei DAI from the Sixth Hospital of Peking University; Shu JING from Peking Union Medical College; Dinghao AN from Nanjing Drum Towers Hospital; Yuen JIANG from the London School of Economics and Political Science. References Li L. 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J Jining Med Coll 2023,46(3):179–83. 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9760.2023.03.006 Li YZJH, Zhujing et al. The effects of adult attachment on college students' relationship satisfaction:comprehending the mediating role of social support and self-esteem[J]. Psychol Res 2019,12(6):570–6. 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1159.2019.06.012 Feng, Rong. Ma Xiting. A study on the differences of common psychological problems between graduate students and undergraduates [J]. Educ Career, 2015(6):94–6. Dinero RE, Conger RD, Shaver PR, Widaman KF, Larsen-Rife D. Influence of family of origin and adult romantic partners on romantic attachment security. j Fam Psychol. 2008;22(4):622–32. 10.1037/a0012506 . PMID: 18729676; PMCID: PMC2689376. Gao B, Chen YF, Liu ML, et al. Perceived humility and intimacy satisfaction among college students:The serial mediating role of gratitude and commitment[J]. Psychol Res. 2021;14(3):90–7. 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1159.2021.03.012 . Bell CA, Fincham FD. Humility, forgiveness, and emerging adult female romantic relationships. J Marital Family Therapy. 2017;45(1):149–60. Tangney JP, Stuewig J, Mashek DJ. Moral emotions and moral behaviour. Ann Rev Psychol. 2007;58:345–72. Fei LP, Shen QJ, Zheng YP, Zhao JP, Jiang SA, Wang LW, Wang XD. A preliminary evaluation of the Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale (FIA) and the Family Environment Scale (FES) in a controlled study of normal and schizophrenic families[J]. Chin J Mental Health 1991,5(5):198–202. Run LIN, Xiaohuan CHEN, Tiaofen JIN et al. Effects of family closeness and adaptability on coping styles of women with postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction[J]. China Nurs Manage 2019,19(2):211–5. 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756.2019.02.011 Zhang SL, Xiaoqin,Du, Lei et al. Development of the Family Function Evaluation Tool Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale and its application research[J]. Chin Family Med 2010,13(7):725–8. 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2010.07.013 Wu WL, Zhang W, Liu XH. Reliability and validity of the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS-1996 Revised) in China[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Edition),2004,(04):536–8. Xianglian LUO, Lili LIU. Comparison and research on the use of AAS, ECR and RQ scales[J]. Teacher,2015(11):7–9. 10.3969/j.issn.1674-120X.2015.11.003 Sasha Qiu. A correlational study of adult attachment, intimacy motivation and intimacy quality of college students [D]. Shaanxi Normal University; 2010. Li J-H. An exploratory study of preoperative fear of disease progression in spouses of lung cancer patients [D]. Liaoning:Dalian Medical University; 2023. Zhonglin WEN, Baojuan YE. Mediation effects analysis:Methodological and modelling development[J]. Adv Psychol Sci 2014,22(5):731–45. CPC Central Committee State Council. Medium- and long-term youth development plan (2016–2025) [Z].2017.04.13. Li T, Zheng Yexin,Yan Yuteng. Has marriage and childbirth been de institutionalised in China? --Findings and discussions based on a survey of Chinese university students' views on marriage and childbearing[J]. Women's Stud,2022(3):85–102. Yan Xiaomei. Ten Years of Change in College Students' View of Marriage and Love[J]. J Hunan Inst Sci Technol 2021,42(4):92–5. 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2219.2021.04.022 Liu Chenye,Su Wen. Review of the Research on Marriage and Love Outlook of Post-90s College Students and Their Educational Countermeasures [J]. J Bohai Univ (Philosophy Social Sci Edition) 2020,42(2):54–9. Wei Xiaojuan. Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation of College Students' View on Marriage and Love[J]. J Youth,2020(2):18–22. 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8950.2020.02.004 Li T, Zheng YX, Yan YT. Have marriage and childbearing been de institutionalised in China? --Findings and discussions based on a survey of Chinese university students' views on marriage and childbearing[J]. Women's Stud,2022(3):85–102. Yi XU, SUN Ying. The effects of father presence on college students' mental health:The mediating role of adult attachment[J]. Chin J Health Psychol 2021,29(8):1248–53. 10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.08 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 21 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 08 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Union Medical College Tsinghua University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanan","middleName":"","lastName":"GAO","suffix":""},{"id":512641925,"identity":"01dbc5f7-5902-45b3-9c04-cf67708d03c2","order_by":2,"name":"Tianming CHEN","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Tsinghua 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University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunqi","middleName":"","lastName":"SHAO","suffix":""},{"id":512641932,"identity":"8ffc807f-5711-4d54-a25d-e888b7f69410","order_by":9,"name":"Tao LIU","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tao","middleName":"","lastName":"LIU","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-17 18:23:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6916868/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6916868/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91109132,"identity":"18c8bbe9-1e78-4e25-ba12-52bcbe84175e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 16:05:38","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":181881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHypothetical model representing the relationship among family intimacy, family adaptability, adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) ,college students' romantic relationship perceptions\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6916868/v1/14f05c1ce5a5e2eb15977001.jpeg"},{"id":91110101,"identity":"ab0430de-4079-4b32-9efc-2800ae0a7851","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 16:13:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1272667,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6916868/v1/b5ce204a-59e8-4013-9994-629c21759021.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Effects of Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptability on the Quality of Romantic Relationships of Institutions of Higher Education Students-The Mediating Role of Attachment: A Case Study of Undergraduates Students in Higher Education","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e1.1 Context of the times\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship satisfaction is the degree to which college students perceive, evaluate, and experience subjective feelings about pleasure, satisfaction, and happiness in their romantic relationships. Highly satisfying relationships help to produce stable and satisfying marriages,and serve as a subjective assessment of the quality of one's romantic relationship\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Romantic intimacy not only satisfies basic human needs for belonging and caring, but is also an important source of social support to maintain physical and mental health\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the main developmental task of college students is to establish intimate relationships and avoid loneliness. If this task is well developed, the virtue of love will be formed\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Among the many factors exploring the psychological development of college students, we find that romantic relationships play a unique and crucial role. On the one hand, romantic relationships have a significant positive effect on satisfying the sense of belonging and emotional needs of college students. In this kind of intimate interpersonal interaction, individuals can not only feel deeply understood and accepted by their partners, but also experience the care and attention provided by their partners, and this kind of emotional exchange and interaction can help enhance their sense of security and satisfaction. Romantic relationships require individuals to invest sincere emotions and expect to receive emotional responses from their partners, and this two-way emotional exchange helps to establish a stable and deep interpersonal relationship. On the other hand, romantic relationships have an inescapable impact on the establishment of college students' sense of self-worth. In romantic interactions, sweet words between partners are usually full of appreciation and affection for each other, and such positive emotional expressions not only satisfy college students' needs for recognition and affirmation by others, but also help to enhance their self-esteem and self-efficacy. This kind of emotional support and positive feedback in romantic relationships is psychologically important for college students to establish their self-identity and self-worth, and to satisfy their needs for belonging and intimacy. Therefore, romantic relationships are not only an important part of college students' emotional life, but also an important driving force for psychological development and personal growth.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh-quality romantic relationships play an indispensable role in promoting the overall development of college students, not only have a positive impact on their physical and psychological health\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, but also effectively satisfy the sense of belonging and emotional needs, laying a solid foundation for future marital life, and showing significant effects in relieving academic pressure, promoting personality maturity and integrating personality structure. As a kind of deep social interaction, romantic experience has a profound significance in reconciling the conflict between intimacy and independence, significantly enhancing the perception of self-worth and improving the sense of self-efficacy\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Long-term stable romantic relationships can stimulate personal potential, explore and consolidate positive traits in personality, and further enhance self-efficacy and overall sense of value of individuals, thus playing a more significant role in personal growth and social adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNevertheless, low relationship satisfaction may lead to a series of negative consequences, which cover a wide range of interpersonal dimensions, including but not limited to the weakening of interpersonal skills, the frequency of conflict and aggression, as well as parent-child and teacher-student relationships, all of which are not conducive to the creation of a harmonious social environment. This situation not only hinders the civilisation of campus culture, but also poses a challenge to the effective operation of the campus management system, with negative impacts on individual students, educational institutions, families, and even society as a whole, constituting a multifaceted and unfavourable situation. Further, the lack of relationship satisfaction is one of the most important factors leading to psychological distress among college students, which may contribute to the emergence of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Low levels of relationship satisfaction can also exacerbate an individual's self-depreciation and increase hostility and defensiveness toward others, which not only hinders students' social interaction skills, but may also have a long-term negative impact on their academic performance and sometimes even lead to serious impairment of physical and mental health\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive study by Feng Rong and Ma Xiting pointed out that relationship problems accounted for 12.9% of undergraduate psychological counselling cases, which ranked third among the counselling problems\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and this data indirectly reflects the low quality of college students' romantic relationships, indicating that many students fail to fully enjoy the happiness and psychological satisfaction brought about by healthy romantic relationships. In recent years, a number of extreme incidents triggered by the frustration of romantic relationships have not only caused far-reaching impacts on the students involved, but also brought about a wide range of negative effects on the society, highlighting the serious consequences that may be caused by improper handling of college students' romantic relationship problems. In view of this, it is particularly urgent and important to explore and study the psychological state of college students' romantic relationships, aiming at analysing the internal mechanism and external influencing factors that affect the development of romantic relationships in a negative direction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2 Research Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComprehensive domestic and international research, Dinero RE, Conger RD et\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e al found that the observed ratings of warmth and sensitivity in family interactions were positively correlated with similar behaviours and attachment security of romantic partners, emphasizing the importance of intimate relationships in the development of romantic attachment security. Indicators of relationship quality include relationship satisfaction, romantic relationship, etc., and the study of Dinero RE, Conger RD et al. can reflect that there is an effect between family of origin, romantic relationship quality and attachment security. Gao B et\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e al pointed out that perceived partner modesty has a significant positive predictive utility on college students' intimate relationship satisfaction, emphasising the important value of modesty in youth romantic relationships. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, individuals with high humility demonstrate self-perceived accuracy, avoid self-aggrandisement, and have the courage to admit flaws and apologise for mistakes, which is conducive to deepening mutual understanding between partners, enhancing emotional connection, and thus increasing overall satisfaction with intimate relationships\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Perceived partner humility can also increase intimacy satisfaction by stimulating individuals to think differently and reduce egocentricity\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In summary, there is an effect of attachment on the quality of romantic relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.3 Problem Extrapolation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn summary, this study aims to deeply analyse how adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) mediates the process of family-of-origin function on the formation of college students' romantic relationship quality. At present, domestic and international research on family of origin intimacy and adaptability on college students\u0026lsquo; relationship quality is still insufficient, and the research on adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) as a mediator variable in the relationship between family of origin intimacy and adaptability and college students\u0026rsquo; relationship quality development is also insufficient. In light of these research shortcomings, this paper proposes the following innovative hypothesis: adult attachment (attachment security, attachment insecurity) mediates the effect of family-of-origin functioning on college students' romantic relationship perceptions. The hypothesised model is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. To this end, this study explored the complex interplay mechanisms among the five to fill the existing academic gap. In addition, the expected results of this study are expected to provide educational practitioners and psychologists with a solid theoretical foundation and practical operational guidelines to help them more accurately understand and intervene in college students with insecure attachment patterns, so as to make their relationship perceptions and behaviours develop in a positive way. Preliminary predictions indicate that adult attachment type plays an indispensable mediating role in the influence of family-of-origin environment on the quality of college students' romantic relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Objective and Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003e2.1 Research Subjects\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 421 full-time undergraduate students from five representative universities in Beijing were selected for the questionnaire survey, and the questionnaire was screened in accordance with the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: (Ⅰ) full-time undergraduate students aged 18-24 years old enrolled in all municipal districts under Beijing; (Ⅱ) the response time was ≥180 seconds; (Ⅲ) the respondent had signed an informed consent form and agreed to be the subject of the interview; (Ⅳ) The project has been reviewed by the Ethics Review Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ Beijing Union Medical College, and there is no ethical problem. Exclusion criteria: (Ⅰ) Answering time\u0026lt;180 seconds; (Ⅱ) Options have obvious random answering patterns, such as the same options for all entries, etc.; (Ⅲ) Disclosure of personal information for the study is not accepted; (Ⅳ) Multiple questionnaires with identical answers and suspected ghostwriting by others. A total of 421 questionnaires were put out and 383 questionnaires were recovered, including valid questionnaires, with a recovery rate of 74.65%, of which 146 (38.12%) were male and 237 (61.88%) were female; age 20.2 years old; whether they had ever been in a relationship or not: yes 55.87%, no 44.13%. Grade level: freshman 28.98%; sophomore 28.46%; junior 16.19%; senior 26.37%. Among them, 200 questionnaires were randomly selected for correlation analysis using SPSS27.0/ SAS software. During the same period, the mediating role played by adult attachment (attachment-secure, attachment-insecure) between the individual's family-of-origin functioning and marital relationship views was analysed and discussed based on the scores of each part of this questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Methods\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.1 General information questionnaire, which was designed by the researcher based on literature search, including age, gender, grade, relationship experience and other four items.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, Second Edition (FACES II - CV)\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003eto measure and assess college students' family-of-origin functioning. The scale consists of two factors, intimacy and adaptability, with a total of 30 items, and the results are calculated by a 5-point scale, with 1 representing very incompatible, 5 representing very compatible, and 2-4 in increasing order of compatibility, which is used to assess the functioning and adaptability of the family of origin, and the higher the score is, the better the functioning of the family of origin is\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e. The scale has good reliability and validity\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.3 The Adult Attachment Scale (AAS)\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003ewas used to assess the attachment security and attachment insecurity of individuals accordingly. The Adult Attachment Questionnaire has a total of 18 entries and contains three subscales, namely, the closeness subscale, the dependence subscale and the anxiety subscale, which uses the Likert 7-point scoring method to count the results, with 1 representing a very non-conformity, 7 representing a very conformity, and 2-6 conformity in increasing order. The closeness-dependence composite dimension score can be calculated based on the closeness-dependence composite dimension [mean closeness-dependence score = (total score of closeness subscale + total score of dependence subscale)/12], which can be categorised as an attachment-secure type of score; and the anxiety subscale score can be categorised as an attachment insecure type of score. The scale had good reliability and validity\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.4 The Quality of Relationship Index (QRI)\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003escale was used, which was developed by Patrick et al. and the Chinese version was revised by Qiu Shasha. The scale has 6 entries, and the results were counted using a Likert 7-point scale, with 1 representing strong disagreement, 7 representing complete agreement, and 2-6 in increasing order of agreement. In this study, QRI was used to score the view of marriage, and the scale had good reliability and validity\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Statistical processing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, valid data were entered using Excel, and correlation and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS27.0 and SAS. Independent samples non parametric test was used to compare attachment security, attachment insecurity, FACES II-CV score, and QRI score of different respondents' portraits; product difference correlation analyses were used to explore the correlation between family-of-origin functioning, adult attachment-attachment security, adult attachment-attachment insecurity, and marital attachment views, respectively; Bootstrap method was used to test the correlation between adult attachment attachment security and mediating role of adult attachment-attachment insecurity in the relationship between family-of-origin functioning and marital outlook.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e3.1 Comparison of the scores of each scale in different respondents' portraits\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e Comparison of scores on each scale for different respondent portraits (PLT) show that in terms of attachment security, there is a significant difference between whether or not there was a romantic experience during undergraduate studies (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), and those who had a romantic experience during undergraduate studies had higher attachment security scores than those who did not have a romantic experience during undergraduate studies, and there was no significant effect of gender, age, and grade on attachment security scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). In terms of attachment insecurity, family-family closeness, and family family adaptability scores, there were no significant differences between those who had romantic experiences during undergraduate studies, gender, age, and grade (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). In terms of relationship quality scores, there was a significant difference between whether or not they had a relationship experience during undergraduate studies and age (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), and those who had a relationship experience during undergraduate studies had higher QRI scores than those who did not have a relationship experience during undergraduate studies, with 21-year-old undergraduates having the highest relationship quality scores (0.54 (-0.04\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1)) and 19-year-old undergraduates having the lowest QRI scores (-0.1 (-1.15\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.57)), gender and grade had no significant effect on relationship quality scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of scores on each scale for different respondent portraits (PLT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAttachment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAttachment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsecurity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuality\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily Family\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntimacy Score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily Home\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdaptation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhether or not you\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere in a relationship\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring your\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eundergraduate studies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.15(-0.46\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.05(-1\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.42(-0.42\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.75\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.22(-0.79\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.76)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.2(-0.78\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.11(-0.84\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.04(-1.15\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.48)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.68\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.04(-0.68\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.67)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.522\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.262\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.511\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.352\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.659\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.724\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03(-0.55\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.05(-1\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.36(-0.77\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.57\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.22(-0.59\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.69)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03(-0.67\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.11(-0.84\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.07(-0.74\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1(-0.82\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.13(-0.77\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.76)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.082\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.068\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.822\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.473\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.402\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.636\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.688\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.08(-0.55\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.13(-0.96\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1.06)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01(-0.74\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.98)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.47(-0.45\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1.34)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.26(-0.23\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1.23)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.15(-0.67\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.11(-1\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.1(-1.15\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.57)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1(-0.66\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.58)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.17(-0.86\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.76)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03(-0.67\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.05(-0.96\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.86)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.07(-1.09\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.15(-0.8\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.81)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.22(-1.02\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.83)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.2(-0.55\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.27(-0.68\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.54(-0.04\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.28(-0.73\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.56)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4(-0.59\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.67)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.08(-0.67\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03(-0.88\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.42\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01(-0.82\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.04(-0.61\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.67)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDegree of freedom\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.927\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.894\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.438\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003efreshman\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.15(-0.55\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.05(-1\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.07(-0.74\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.45\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.84)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.22(-0.41\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.67)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003esophomore\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03(-0.55\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.27(-0.84\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.86\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.73\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.31(-0.9\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ejunior\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.32(-1.16\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.53)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-1.16\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3(-1.09\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.19(-0.82\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.31(-0.75\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.76)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003esenior\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.08(-0.67\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.11(-0.84\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3(-0.39\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.08(-0.91\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.61)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.05(-0.86\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.58)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDegree of freedom\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.243\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.338\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.373\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2 Relationship between family-of-origin functioning, marital outlook and attachment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows that attachment security scores were not correlated with attachment insecurity scores, and were significantly correlated with relationship quality, family-family closeness and family-family adaptability scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). Whereas, attachment insecurity score was not correlated with attachment security, relationship quality, family home intimacy and family home adaptability scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship between family-of-origin functioning, marital outlook and attachment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAttachment Security\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAttachment Insecurity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship Quality Score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily Intimacy Score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdaptation Score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttachment Security Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttachment Insecurity Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.097\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelationship Quality Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.417**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Intimacy Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.370**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.319**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Adaptation Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.386**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.322**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.788**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: *P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05,**P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01,***P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3 Mediating role of adult attachment between family closeness, family adjustment and relationship quality\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsing the scores of the two FACES II - CV dimensions as the independent variable, the scores of the two AAS dimensions as the mediator variable, and the QRI scores as the dependent variable, we examined the relationship between family closeness, family adaptability, and relationship quality, including the direct effect and the indirect effect mediated by attachment security and attachment insecurity. The significance of the constructed mediated effects model was tested using the nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, with a sample of 5000, and the 95% confidence intervals for each of the pass-through coefficients were tested. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows that the direct effect of family closeness on relationship quality was not significant, and the regression coefficients a and b of the pathway of attachment security were significant, indicating that attachment security played a fully mediating role in the relationship between family closeness and relationship quality; the regression coefficients a of family closeness through the pathway of attachment insecurity were significant, b was not significant and the mediation effect value was not significant, indicating that attachment insecurity in the relationship between family closeness, family adaptability and relationship quality do not play a mediating role in the relationship. The direct effect of family adaptability on relationship quality was not significant, and the regression coefficients a and b of the path of attachment insecurity were significant, indicating that attachment insecurity played a fully mediating role in the relationship between family adaptability and relationship quality; the regression coefficients a and b of family adaptability through the path of attachment insecurity as well as the mediating effect values were not significant, indicating that attachment insecurity could not play a mediating role.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBreakdown of total, direct and mediating effects\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ec\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ea*b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ea*b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ea*b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ea*b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ea*b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ec\u0026rsquo;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEffect proportion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal effect\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMediation effect value\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Boot SE)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(z )\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(p )\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(95% BootCI)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect effect\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Intimacy\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eAttachment Security Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003cb\u003eRelationship Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.029*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.739**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.742\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Intimacy\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eAttachment Insecurity\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eRelationship Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.029*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.017*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.061\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.951\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.029\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Adaptation\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eAttachment Security\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eRelationship Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.028*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.016**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.739**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.677\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.029\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily Adaptation\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eAttachment Insecurity\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eRelationship Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.028*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.955\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.007\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;0.029\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: *P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05,**p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01,***P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; Bootstrap type: bias-corrected Bootstrap method.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e4.1 Summary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study explored the influencing factors and internal action mechanisms of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability on the quality of college students' romantic relationships through a questionnaire survey. The results show that family-of-origin closeness and adaptability not only directly affect the quality of college students\u0026lsquo; romantic relationships, but also indirectly affect college students\u0026rsquo; outlook on marriage and love through attachment security. That is, the higher the ratings of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the ratings of college students' romantic relationship quality. This finding reveals that the higher the level of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the satisfaction of college students with their romantic relationships and the higher their happiness during the relationship. Meanwhile, attachment security mediates the relationship between family-of-origin closeness and adaptability and college students' romantic relationship quality, i.e., for individuals with lower family-of-origin closeness and adaptability scores, the scores of their romantic relationship quality can be effectively improved by enhancing the trait of secure attachment, which tends to make their relationship satisfaction during the relationship towards the positive trait. In summary, this paper provides theoretical and practical guidance for further understanding of the influencing factors of contemporary college students' romantic relationship quality, and also provides educators and psychologists with more precise theoretical basis and practical guidance for college student populations with problems of family-of-origin intimacy and adaptability. The study will be piloted in the psychological counselling centres of various universities to provide psychological counselling to support college students who are affected by their families of origin and display insecure attachment patterns. A series of personalised psychological support and interventions will be provided to meet the unique needs of individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study explored the influence factors and internal mechanism of family of origin intimacy and adaptability on the quality of college students' romantic relationships through a questionnaire survey. The results showed that family-of origin closeness and adaptability not only directly affect the quality of college students\u0026lsquo; romantic relationships, but also indirectly affect college students\u0026rsquo; outlook on marriage through attachment security. That is, the higher the ratings of family of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the ratings of college students' romantic relationship quality. This finding reveals that the higher the level of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability, the higher the satisfaction of college students with their romantic relationships and the higher their happiness during the relationship. Meanwhile, attachment security mediates the relationship between family-of-origin closeness and adaptability and college students' romantic relationship quality, i.e., for individuals with lower family-of-origin closeness and adaptability scores, the scores of their romantic relationship quality can be effectively improved by enhancing the trait of secure attachment, which tends to make their relationship satisfaction during the relationship towards the positive trait. In summary, this paper provides theoretical and practical guidance for further understanding of the influencing factors of contemporary college students' romantic relationship quality, and also provides educators and psychologists with more precise theoretical basis and practical guidance for college student populations with problems of family-of-origin intimacy and adaptability. The study will be piloted in the psychological counselling centres of various universities to provide psychological counselling to support college students who are affected by their families of origin and display insecure attachment patterns. And to provide a series of personalised psychological support and interventions to address the unique needs of individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn nowdays society, the quality of college students' romantic relationships is an important prerequisite and guide for the formation of the concept of marriage and love, and a good romantic relationship not only contributes to the healthy physical and mental development of college students, but also satisfies their need for belonging and love, and prepares them for further marriage life. The State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Medium and Long-term Youth Development Plan (2016\u0026ndash;2025) for the first time in 2017, emphasising that it guides young people to establish a civilised, healthy and rational concept of marriage and love\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. College students' concept of marriage and parenthood not only affects their individual marriage and family choices as well as their life development path, but will also profoundly affect China's fertility level, demographic structure, and intergenerational pension support system\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Nowadays, college students' concept of marriage and love is affected by multiple factors such as the flood of information in the Internet era and the prevalence of materialism and hedonism in the society, which shows the weakening of the traditional concept of marriage and love as well as the lack of a sense of responsibility in the tendency of materialism and hedonism\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, the lack of interpersonal skills\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and the bias in the cognition of love, which is regarded as a necessity of life or as a game\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and other problems. As an important link between the education system and society, college students, as the backbone of the youth group, are expected to become the main force of marriage and parenthood in the next ten years\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and their views on marriage and love are extremely important to the ecology of marriage and love in the society and the future development of the population. Therefore, the family unit, all sectors of society and the new media platform should take active actions to build correct marriage values to promote the formation of a harmonious relationship environment; the higher the satisfaction of college students' relationship, the more civilised, healthy, rational and positive marriage values tend to be, which is in line with the public order and morals of contemporary society. In addition, by creating a positive atmosphere of social opinion and promoting mainstream cultural values, college students can be effectively guided to treat marriage and love in a rational manner, and develop their emotional intelligence, self-esteem and self-confidence. This not only helps to improve the ideological and moral cultivation of college students, but also provides strong support for their overall healthy growth and career development.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2 Shortcomings and Prospects\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough this study explored the mediating role of adult attachment-attachment security in the influence of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability on the quality of college students\u0026lsquo; romantic relationships, there are still the following shortcomings: (Ⅰ)As verified in this paper, attachment insecurity does not play a mediating role in the influence of family-of-origin closeness and adaptability on the quality of college students\u0026rsquo; romantic relationships in Beijing, which is not in line with the hypothesis, and the subsequent research can focus on the exploration of this issue.(Ⅱ)The study was conducted only among full-time undergraduates, so the generalisability of the findings may be somewhat limited. In future studies, by differentiating and controlling for the geographic distribution of the subjects' families of origin, and focusing on undergraduate groups with different regional upbringing backgrounds and family education modes, the unique influence of family education on the quality of romantic relationships can be explored in greater depth. In addition, by comparing and analysing research data on the quality of romantic relationships among college students from other regions, the potential role of geographical family education characteristics in the quality of romantic relationships can be indirectly assessed. (Ⅲ) This study used a questionnaire for data collection, but it is worth noting that this method may be affected by social expectation bias, i.e., respondents may not fully report their true feelings truthfully due to social approbability\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. (Ⅳ) This study focuses on students enrolled in the top 10 universities in mainland China, which may limit the generalizability of the study, but it provides a valuable frame of reference for exploring mental health and related issues at different levels of education. Higher education institutions tend to emphasize the development of students' critical thinking and problem analysis skills, and this educational orientation has led to higher levels of these abilities among college students. As a result, they may be inclined to apply a critical perspective to their considerations during partner selection, which reflects a rational tendency in the decision-making process. In addition, individuals with higher educational backgrounds are usually better at handling complex situations and communicating their personal ideas effectively, and thus tertiary students demonstrate superior communication skills, which may translate into an advantage when dealing with emotional affairs and positively affect the quality of romantic relationships.College students also enjoy broader career paths, better job prospects, and higher income expectations, which undoubtedly have an impact on their social attractiveness and partner selection criteria. At the level of emotional intelligence, they tend to possess more delicate emotional perception and social relationship analysis ability, which provide favorable conditions for effective resolution of emotional conflicts and promotion of emotional deepening. However, it is important to note that a high level of education is not a direct indicator of mental health. Some tertiary students may reveal a lack of psychological resilience in the face of heavy academic burdens, which not only affects their personal well-being, but may also spill over into the judgment of partner choice and the quality of romantic relationship maintenance. In summary, although tertiary students demonstrate strengths in a variety of areas, their emotional lives are also constrained by the particular challenges of the educational environment, which provides rich perspectives and room for in-depth exploration.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis article complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Nuremberg Code, and the research does not involve human blood specimens or other human tissues. All data in this article are solely used for scientific research purposes and will not be disclosed to third parties or the general public. This work constitutes a fundamental psychological study and does not involve any infringement upon the human dignity of natural persons or harm to their personal and property safety. Personal information covered herein includes biometric data, religious beliefs, specific identities, financial accounts, movement trajectories, and other such details, and explicitly excludes personal information of natural persons under the age of 14. All data have undergone anonymization processing of personal information and cannot be restored to their original state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data supporting the findings of this study can be requested from the corresponding author. However, the data are not publicly available as they are subject to privacy and ethical restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are no conflicts of interest among the authors of this article, and the authorship order of the article has been approved by all the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;No foundation supporting\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNanlan WANG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYanan GAO: Investigation, Data curation, Validation, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTianming CHEN: Project initiation, supervision of overall project progression, guidance of all work, and final manuscript approval. (as Corresponding author).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuanyu MENG: Software, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXuan LIN: Investigation, Resources, Validation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiaojuan ZHANG: Investigation, Data curation, Methodology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoyu WANG: Software, Formal analysis, Visualization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYanzhen LIU: Methodology, Validation, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYunqi SHAO: Methodology, Resources, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTao LIU: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Project administration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe extend our sincere gratitude to the following individuals for their substantial support throughout various stages of the writing process of this undergraduate research paper. Due to insufficient author contributions, they were not included in the author list, but we still express our heartfelt appreciation. The detailed list is as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTingfang LIU from Peking University; Jianhong YAO from China General Technology (Group) Holding Co., Ltd.; Weixing SHEN from Tsinghua University; Huan WANG and Zhenling MA from Peking Union Medical College; Zhiyuan WANG from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; Shangwen WU from Nankai University; Xinwei WANG from Tsinghua University; Zhenwei DAI from the Sixth Hospital of Peking University; Shu JING from Peking Union Medical College; Dinghao AN from Nanjing Drum Towers Hospital; Yuen JIANG from the London School of Economics and Political Science.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi L. Research on the relationship between relationship satisfaction, interpersonal sensitivity and aggression among college students[J]. 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Chin J Health Psychol 2021,29(8):1248\u0026ndash;53. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.08\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-psychology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"psyo","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Psychology](http://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"BMC Psychology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Family of origin function, Marriage concept, Adult attachment, Mediating role, College education","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6916868/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6916868/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis empirical inquiry seeks to delineate the effects of family-of-origin dynamics, as moderated by individual attachment orientations, on the relational quality of intimate partnerships among undergraduate populations. Specifically, the research will focus on the interplay between familial intimacy and adaptability constructs, and the corresponding secure and insecure attachment patterns manifest in adult relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 421 full-time undergraduate students enrolled in six universities in Beijing including Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences\u0026amp;Peking Union Medical College,Tsinghua University, Peking University (including the Ministry of Medicine), Renmin University of China, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics were administered a questionnaire, which included the Chinese version of the Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptation Scale (FACES II-CV), the Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAS). A total of 421 questionnaires were sent out, 421 questionnaires were returned, and a total of 384 questionnaires were determined to be valid according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were statistically analysed using SPSS 27.0.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e①Family intimacy was significantly positively correlated with the quality of college students\u0026lsquo; marital relationship (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.319, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and significantly positively correlated with attachment security (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.370, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01); family adaptability was significantly positively correlated with the quality of college students\u0026rsquo; romantic relationship (0.322, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and significantly positively correlated with attachment security (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.386, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01); family security was significantly positively correlated with college students\u0026lsquo; romantic relationship quality (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.386, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01); and family adaptation was significantly positively correlated with college students\u0026rsquo; romantic relationship quality (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.322, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and significantly positively correlated with attachment security (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.386, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01); attachment security was significantly correlated with the quality of college students\u0026lsquo; romantic relationship (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.417, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and insignificantly correlated with attachment insecurity (r=-0.097, p\u0026gt;0.05), and attachment insecurity was insignificantly correlated with the quality of college students\u0026rsquo; romantic relationship (r=-0.017, p\u0026gt;0.05). (ii) Family-of-origin functioning has a direct positive predictive effect on college students\u0026lsquo; romantic relationship quality (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.319, r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.322, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), and it is proved that attachment security plays a fully mediating role between family-of-origin functioning and college students\u0026rsquo; romantic relationship quality, and attachment insecurity does not play a mediating role between family-of-origin functioning and college students' romantic relationship quality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily-of-origin function can not only directly influence college students\u0026lsquo; view of marriage and relationship, but also indirectly influence college students\u0026rsquo; view of marriage and relationship through attachment security.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Effects of Family of Origin Intimacy and Adaptability on the Quality of Romantic Relationships of Institutions of Higher Education Students-The Mediating Role of Attachment: A Case Study of Undergraduates Students in Higher Education","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-11 15:57:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6916868/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-21T22:10:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"110480379380378363903530035719986149412","date":"2025-09-15T13:53:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"89321630035593518508309318460604122605","date":"2025-09-09T16:05:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"47207065441654707698804925863111579958","date":"2025-09-08T16:41:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-05T09:21:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-08T07:09:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-19T00:39:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-19T00:35:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Psychology","date":"2025-06-17T18:21:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-psychology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"psyo","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Psychology](http://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"BMC Psychology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fb5d5812-8dff-4095-ae19-ef5c9ab0cef3","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-11T15:57:33+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-11 15:57:33","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6916868","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6916868","identity":"rs-6916868","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}